Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites

[Ajeje Brazorf]

The early Iron Age in France, Germany, and Switzerland, known as the West-Hallstattkreis, stands out as featuring the earliest evidence for supra-regional organisation north of the Alps. Often referred to as ‘early Celtic‘, suggesting tentative connections to later cultural phenomena, its societal and population structure remain enigmatic. Here, we present genomic and isotope data from 31 individuals from this context. We identify three biologically related groups spanning multiple elite burials as far as 100 km apart, supported by transregional individual mobility inferred from isotope data. These include a close biological relationship between two of the richest burial mounds of the Hallstatt culture. Bayesian modelling points to an avuncular relationship between the two individuals, which may suggest a practice of matrilineal dynastic succession in early Celtic elites. We show that their ancestry is shared on a broad geographic scale from Iberia throughout Central-Eastern Europe, undergoing decline after the late Iron Age.

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB73566


Celtic:APG001_merged,0.112685,0.146236,0.048649,0. 00646,0.054779,0.001394,-0.000235,0.010153,0.010022,0.014761,0.000812,0.010 041,-0.024975,-0.007707,0.003664,-0.00769,-0.019688,0.004561,0.00352,-0.002001,0.000499,0.00272,0.004314,0.002048,-0.001078
Celtic:APG002,0.111547,0.145221,0.046386,0.021318, 0.038776,0.000837,0.003525,-0.002769,0.011249,0.022962,0.008769,0.007493,-0.014123,-0.008257,0.003936,0.004773,0.007693,-0.001394,-0.002137,-0.004627,0.007362,-0.000124,-0.006655,-0.005663,0.003592
Celtic:APG003_merged,0.119514,0.139128,0.043369,0. 02261,0.044316,0.018965,-0.00423,0.004846,0.014726,0.019135,-0.007145,0.003897,-0.007433,-0.006744,-0.000679,-0.006099,-0.01017,-0.003547,0.003017,-0.003627,0.008235,0.015828,-0.00419,-0.003253,-0.003832
Celtic:HEU001,0.132035,0.149283,0.062225,0.013566, 0.058165,0.008925,0.004465,0.001154,0.018203,0.031 345,-0.006496,0.001049,-0.013974,-0.013762,0.005972,-0.00305,-0.001434,0.003167,0.003017,0.00025,-0.00549,0.004946,-0.002465,0.002048,-0.003712
Celtic:HEU002,0.129758,0.138112,0.058831,0.021641, 0.045239,-0.006414,0.002115,0.009461,0.010226,0.013121,-0.012991,0,-0.018285,-0.006606,-0.001221,-0.006762,-0.009127,0.005828,-0.000251,-0.008879,0.009109,0.00915,0.014173,0.00723,0.00742 4
Celtic:HOC001_merged,0.07057,0.13405,0.048271,0.01 0336,0.052317,0.012271,0.011045,0.003461,-0.002045,0.020957,-0.007632,0.000599,0.001784,-0.01156,0.010993,0.016971,0.014603,-0.02141,0.019609,-0.003126,-0.007612,0.008285,0.002835,-0.003253,0.002515
Celtic:HOC002,0.130897,0.150298,0.053174,0.027778, 0.05201,0.007809,0.006815,0.003231,0.018203,0.0306 16,-0.001461,0.009891,-0.018137,-0.003716,0.004207,0.003713,0.007953,0.00266,0.0067 88,0.005253,-0.000873,0.008656,-0.005053,-0.003976,0.002994
Celtic:HOC003,0.130897,0.14319,0.056945,0.011951,0 .041238,-0.000279,0.00094,-0.001846,0.020861,0.026424,-0.009419,0.004196,-0.031219,-0.006881,-0.002172,0.011668,-0.002999,-0.004687,0.013952,-0.003001,-0.00287,-0.001607,0.008627,-0.010483,0.004311
Celtic:HOC004,0.120652,0.150298,0.046009,0.011305, 0.045547,0.008088,0.00141,0.006692,0.015953,0.0273 35,-0.004222,0.012889,-0.016799,0.000413,0.000136,-0.013922,-0.016428,0.003421,0.002137,-0.011506,-0.004243,0.002473,-0.004683,-0.004097,-0.002634
Celtic:LAN001,0.126344,0.123895,0.067127,0.060401, 0.041238,0.022311,-0.000235,0.003692,-0.002454,0.001093,-0.003735,0.000899,-0.011596,0.009083,0.023208,-0.005967,-0.012256,-0.000887,-0.002388,-0.009254,0.010981,0.004328,-0.00493,0.016026,-0.010179
Celtic:LWB001,0.1161,0.140143,0.052797,0.028747,0. 050163,0.008925,-0.003055,-0.002538,0.021884,0.027518,0.000974,0.005395,-0.019921,-0.009634,-0.002986,0.014717,0.017993,-0.00038,0.001508,-0.001626,0.008485,0.000742,0.006039,0.004699,0.002 155
Celtic:LWB002,0.133173,0.13405,0.056568,0.023902,0 .028621,0.008367,-0.005405,-0.003231,0.005931,0.010205,0.006333,0.012889,-0.010406,-0.011973,0.013843,0.001856,0.002868,0.00266,0.0089 25,-0.003752,0.000125,-0.002102,0.005669,0.00494,0.006945
Celtic:LWB003,0.124067,0.142174,0.046386,0.018734, 0.044624,0.001952,0.002115,0.002538,0.012067,0.013 303,-0.007795,0.007643,-0.009366,-0.008395,0.008415,-0.000663,-0.000391,-0.002407,-0.004525,-0.006378,0.003993,0.003462,-0.002095,0.001446,-0.001197
Celtic:MBG003,0.133173,0.140143,0.057322,0.021964, 0.055703,0.005857,0.00094,0.009,0.014112,0.022415, 0.000974,0.006145,-0.012042,-0.023671,0.01045,0.022673,0.008084,0.011655,0.0011 31,0.007879,0.00262,0.005317,0.003821,0.000241,-0.006107
Celtic:MBG004,0.136588,0.149283,0.037712,-0.000969,0.048009,-0.009482,0.004935,-0.003231,0.01493,0.032802,-0.002111,0.012889,-0.0278,-0.007156,-0.002443,-0.000796,0.002868,0.007348,-0.00088,-0.000625,0.006239,-0.008903,0.003204,-0.003012,0.000359
Celtic:MBG005,0.130897,0.145221,0.057322,0.019703, 0.041546,-0.007809,0.007285,0.002538,0.013703,0.03098,-0.007957,0.007643,-0.02111,-0.006744,0.006515,-0.003315,-0.019297,0.008488,0.020489,0.001,0.00262,0.002597, 0.008134,-0.010122,-0.006347
Celtic:MBG006,0.132035,0.145221,0.056945,0.020672, 0.052625,0.005299,-0.00141,0.011999,0.015748,0.032074,-0.001786,0.013788,-0.01888,-0.014588,-0.004479,0.01843,0.014473,-0.009248,-0.012067,0.000875,0.001248,0.01051,-0.00949,0.004579,-0.004191
Celtic:MBG007,0.129758,0.141159,0.053174,0.021964, 0.054164,0.002789,-0.000705,-0.000692,0.020452,0.026971,-0.004709,0.013188,-0.019623,-0.003578,0.01045,-0.003182,-0.006258,0.003167,0.009553,-0.001251,0.000998,-0.001237,0.000739,-0.006025,-0.002036
Celtic:MBG008,0.1161,0.139128,0.048271,0.02261,0.0 42469,0.006136,0.00611,0.007384,0.012476,0.018588,-0.002598,0.008243,-0.018137,-0.003991,-0.004207,0.000663,-0.003781,0.002534,0.005028,0.010505,0.004118,0.005 935,-0.003944,-0.004097,0.00491
Celtic:MBG009_merged,0.12862,0.142174,0.059585,0.0 33592,0.051394,0.011713,-0.00094,0,0.021475,0.007654,-0.001137,0.007493,-0.007433,-0.012386,0.007736,0.020021,0.01369,-0.003041,0.004022,0.003252,0.009483,0.003586,-0.001725,-0.001325,-0.007185
Celtic:MBG010,0.119514,0.155376,0.058454,0.021318, 0.037238,0.000837,-0.01034,0.011538,0.019225,0.023873,-0.000974,-0.007793,-0.012487,-0.01101,0.0057,0.019623,0.017341,-0.002914,0.008296,0.013131,-0.002995,0.007172,-0.004437,0.007953,-0.003113
Celtic:MBG015,0.124067,0.131003,0.045254,0.018411, 0.028928,-0.000279,0.00423,0.012692,0.007976,0.02606,-0.002436,0.016335,-0.004906,-0.018029,0.005836,0.016043,0.022556,0.007981,-0.001508,-5e-04,0.001373,0.01286,0.004314,-0.006868,-0.012933
Celtic:MBG016,0.12862,0.151314,0.039975,0.004199,0 .050163,-0.006972,-0.00799,-0.001385,0.016566,0.047017,-0.002923,0.010641,-0.022745,-0.009358,0.006243,-0.005038,-0.007302,-0.002787,0.015209,-0.007128,-0.000499,-0.002102,-0.006655,-0.008917,0.012693
Celtic:MBG017,0.125205,0.144205,0.054305,0.013243, 0.048009,0.010319,-0.003995,0.003231,0.009817,0.020228,-0.002598,0.005545,-0.010704,-0.00055,0.005836,-0.003447,-0.005346,-0.000253,0.008422,-0.002251,0.002745,0.004575,0.002958,0.008073,0.001 197


Celtic,0.12345067,0.14251271,0.052294,0.019810667, 0.046136708,0.0046482917,0.00072458333,0.00366325, 0.01338775,0.022809875,-0.0030109583,0.0071249167,-0.015429875,-0.0082,0.0047897083,0.0038008333,0.000651875,0.000 438125,0.0046194583,-0.001141125,0.0023187917,0.0040444583,0.000354375,-0.000492,-0.00064370833


Distance to: Celtic
0.01161263 French_Auvergne_(n=27)
0.01177486 French_Occitanie_(n=36)
0.01435703 French_Ardèche:EXPL0263
0.01686151 Titane_friend_scaled
0.01767648 E_M81_I3A_half-nephew_scaled
0.01806441 French_Vendée:EXPL0202
0.01863335 French_Maine-et-Loire:EXPL0236
0.01873778 E_M81_I3A_mother_scaled
0.01898821 CelticGerman_father-in-law_scaled
0.01902706 Swiss_French_(n=8)
0.01904415 CelticGerman_father-in-law_cousin_scaled
0.01927343 BelgianC_(n=15)
0.01928974 Swiss_German_(n=8)
0.01960178 French_Corrèze:EXPL0044
0.02008938 French_Paris_(n=11)
0.02009195 French_Charente-Maritime:EXPL0012
0.02011411 French_Vendée:EXPL0234
0.02015433 French_Sarthe:EXPL0120
0.02015624 French_Occitanie:T_46
0.02047547 BelgianC:5434289075_R01C01
0.02060498 French_Auvergne:C_21
0.02096215 BelgianC:5434289074_R03C01
0.02098059 French_Auvergne:C_82
0.02103034 French_Gironde:EXPL0241
0.02110907 French_Auvergne:C_37

https://i.imgur.com/9vgkiMQ.png

[Feiichy]

Seems that this confirms early Celts were closest to modern central French, just as I claimed. Great news!

[Flashball]

Seems that this confirms early Celts were closest to modern central French, just as I claimed. Great news!

Yeah. Also, they are close to Gaulish from France in general
Some Gaulish are basque shifted (not because of "iberian admixed" but because of their excess of WHG)

Modern french are in the same local diversity (north to south, west to east) that Iron Age Gaulish from France (and other area) and Hallstat
https://image.noelshack.com/fichiers/2024/11/5/1710528634-celticpaperpca3.png

[celticdragongod]

Distance to: CDG_scaled
0.04114848 Celtic:LAN001
0.04544712 Celtic:LWB002
0.05273013 Celtic:MBG017
0.05436026 Celtic:MBG009_merged
0.05478262 Celtic:LWB003
0.05525564 Celtic:HEU002
0.05704633 Celtic:MBG008
0.05787947 Celtic:MBG007
0.05818125 Celtic:APG003_merged
0.06065121 Celtic:MBG003
0.06087689 Celtic:HOC002
0.06304714 Celtic:HEU001
0.06386754 Celtic:MBG005
0.06541268 Celtic:APG001_merged
0.06684803 Celtic:LWB001
0.06813242 Celtic:APG002
0.06913517 Celtic:MBG010
0.06944177 Celtic:HOC004
0.06987493 Celtic:HOC003
0.07347892 Celtic:MBG006
0.07490911 Celtic:MBG015
0.08547959 Celtic:MBG004
0.08864863 Celtic:MBG016
0.09681731 Celtic:HOC001_merged

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 2.7676% / 0.02767556
54.4 Celtic:LAN001
24.8 Celtic:LWB002
13.2 Celtic:MBG003
7.6 Celtic:MBG005

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 5.3977% / 0.05397726
100.0 Celtic


I guess Insular Celts like me aren't descended from Continental Celts or we are a combination of Continental Celts and something else.

[Beowulf]

<tbody>
Distance to:
Beowulf_Scaled


0.02274799
Celtic



</tbody>

[Athalafuns]

127671

[ScandinavianCelt]

I screwed up the 3rd piece. This is accurate now.

I'm 60% of the first group here 25% of the next and 15% of the next when you plug those coordinates against the ancient pop averages on the official site I guess and I think it looks fairly accurate for me but it's less Swedish than in modern times so either the swedes were half Scottish or partly German and Scottish and then the Swedish that shows up on my test and it's probably like 20% on this calculator which is much less than what it actually is I'm 50% Swedish at least the last 500 years except for a couple maybe one Estonian that I saw and potentially one great-grandparent was Norwegian

Target: Celtic:LAN001 (60%)
Distance: 2.6125% / 0.02612497 | ADC: 2x RC
42.8 Scotland_EIA
34.0 Sweden_IA.SG
23.2 Germany_EarlyMedieval.SG

Target: Celtic:LWB002 (25.4%)
Distance: 2.6407% / 0.02640722 | ADC: 2x RC
54.0 Germany_Lech_BellBeaker
46.0 Germany_Lech_EBA

Target: Celtic:APG003_merged (14.6%)
Distance: 2.8045% / 0.02804545 | ADC: 2x RC
54.0 ITA_Rome_Renaissance
46.0 SVK_LIA_La_Tene

--------------------------------------------------------
Thanks for posting I want to plot these on a chart and see how they plot like my top pieces how they plot to my official coordinates and to maybe some other chromosome coordinates I've made I suggest you guys average if you have two data sets or more do an average of each chromosome plot like on the k13 on Gedmatch so you can do 23andMe and Ancestry 22-chr coords and then average them with that tool on explore your dna.com and you can get a nice average between your data sets a fair of 50/50 average which produces interesting results I'm not entirely sure if it's the best way but at least it gives an average anyway have a good day

[Etelfrido]

Wait, it's all French then?


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im12n56EcAE

Does anyone know why sample MBG007 was chosen? MBG004 is said to be more Southern-shifted than the other samples and LAN001 to be a Northern-shifted outlier, but what about MBG007? Nothing's elucidated about it and it's not an average French-like sample.

https://i.imgur.com/JMmyYmy.png

[Gannicus]

Distance to: Gannicus_MergedFile_officialDavidski_scaled
0.03749380 Celtic:LWB002
0.04027287 Celtic:MBG009_merged
0.04039663 Celtic:LWB003
0.04425083 Celtic:MBG017
0.04512736 Celtic:MBG003
0.04924331 Celtic:APG003_merged
0.05052086 Celtic:MBG008
0.05084841 Celtic:MBG007
0.05149564 Celtic:HEU002
0.05233477 Celtic:HOC002
0.05322061 Celtic:APG002
0.05357309 Celtic:LAN001
0.05379129 Celtic:LWB001
0.05406563 Celtic:HEU001
0.05447362 Celtic:MBG010
0.05711881 Celtic:MBG006
0.05943540 Celtic:MBG015
0.06009662 Celtic:APG001_merged
0.06125497 Celtic:MBG005
0.06306273 Celtic:HOC003
0.06467681 Celtic:HOC004
0.07320425 Celtic:MBG004
0.07449457 Celtic:MBG016
0.08497221 Celtic:HOC001_merged

Target: Gannicus_MergedFile_officialDavidski_scaled
Distance: 0.0253% / 0.02525129
31.5 Celtic:LAN001
28.1 Celtic:MBG003
26.5 Celtic:LWB002
7.5 Celtic:MBG010
4.0 Celtic:LWB003
2.4 Celtic:MBG009_merged

Distance to: Gannicus_MergedFile_officialDavidski_scaled
0.02823058 43.60% Celtic:LAN001 + 56.40% Celtic:MBG003
0.03133615 32.20% Celtic:LAN001 + 67.80% Celtic:LWB002
0.03137536 55.20% Celtic:LWB002 + 44.80% Celtic:MBG009_merged
0.03179475 36.40% Celtic:LAN001 + 63.60% Celtic:MBG009_merged
0.03217286 50.60% Celtic:LAN001 + 49.40% Celtic:MBG010

Distance to the Celtic average:

Distance to: Gannicus_MergedFile_officialDavidski_scaled
0.04186639 Celtic