Ancestry and kinship in a Late Antiquity-Early Middle Ages cemetery in the Eastern Italian Alps

[Ajeje Brazorf]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004223022927

• High genetic complexity in individuals from a single small medieval alpine cemetery
• Ancestry primarily from south Europe, with only few possible non-local individuals
• Cultural hybridization and complex genetic admixture in South Tyrol
• A multiple burial hosts a father-son couple who belonged to a high-ranking familia

In South Tyrol (Eastern Italian Alps), during Late Antiquity-Early Middle Ages, archeological records indicate cultural hybridization among alpine groups and peoples of various origin. Using paleogenomics, we reconstructed the ancestry of 20 individuals (4th–7th cent. AD) from a cemetery to analyze whether they had heterogeneous or homogeneous ancestry and to study their social organization. The results revealed a primary genetic ancestry from southern Europe and additional ancestries from south-western, western, and northern Europe, suggesting that cultural hybridization was accompanied by complex genetic admixture. Kinship analyses found no genetic relatedness between the only two individuals buried with grave goods. Instead, a father-son pair was discovered in one multiple grave, together with unrelated individuals and one possible non-local female. These genetic findings indicate the presence of a high social status familia, which is supported by the cultural materials and the proximity of the grave to the most sacred area of the church.



EURAC ID
Chronological phases
14C AD (95.4%)
Tomb, SU
Mol. sex
Age at death (years)
mtDNA hg
Y chrom. hg


2277
Phase 3
—
T.2, US117
ND
35–40
ND
N.D.


2417
Phase 3
—
T.2, US119
XY
50+
J1c3c
R1b1a2a1a2b1c2b1a


2418
Phase 3
428–567
T.2, US119
XX
25–30
H
—


2419
Phase 3
—
T.2, US119
XY
40–50
H1e
J


2422
Phase 3
—
T.2, US117
XX
30–35
H1
—


2423∗
Phase 3
557–634
T.2, US118
XY
35–40
H
J


2067∗
Phase 1 (skeleton) Phase 2 (T.3)
429–564
T.3, US100
XY
35–40
H3b+16129
I2a2a1b1b2


2404
Phase 1
387–532
T.5, US137
XY
35–40
N1a1a1a1
R1b1a2a1a2b1c2


2420
Phase 2
—
T.6, US126
XX
35–40
K1a4
—


2068
Phase 2
—
T.7, US105
XY
40–45
H27+16093
I


2424
Phase 2
—
T.7, US105
XY
20–25
H1
J


2069
Phase 2
—
Area 8, US113
XY
40–45
I2
E1b1b1


2405
Phase 1
—
Area 8, US121
XX
4–6
T2k
—


2425
Phase 2
—
Area 8, US112
XY
35–40
H1e
E1b1b1a1b1a


2426
Phase 1
—
Area 8, US120
XY
25–35
H1q
R1a


2427
Phase 1
—
Area 8, US125
XY
35–40
H3ap
G2a2b2a1a1b1a


1895
Phase 2
—
US163, outside
XY
30–35
U8a1a1a1
R1b1a2a1a2b1a1


2429
Phase 2
—
US163, outside
XX
60+
J2a1a1a
—


2428
Phase 2
—
US123
XY
20+
H5
R1


2324
Phase 3
—
US158, outside
XY
5–7
H39
G2a2b2a1a1b1a


2430
Phase 2
—
US167, outside
XY
50–60
U5b2a3
R1b1a2



https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2589004223022927-gr1_lrg.jpg

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2589004223022927-gr2_lrg.jpg

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2589004223022927-gr4_lrg.jpg

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2589004223022927-gr3_lrg.jpg

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2589004223022927-fx1_lrg.jpg

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Burgusio_EMA:1895,0.122929,0.15436,0.044123,-0.001292,0.044008,0.004462,-0.00329,0.009,0.00859,0.023873,-0.005846,0.009442,-0.00223,-0.012937,0.001357,0.009546,0.008605,-0.000633,0.009679,0.005127,-0.003244,0.01014,-0.000739,0.010001,0.002994
Burgusio_EMA:2067,0.130897,0.151314,0.003771,-0.009044,0.025543,-0.006972,0.008225,0.006,0.010431,0.028247,-0.002273,-0.002098,-0.01665,-0.009221,-0.01045,0.000265,0.001304,-0.00266,-0.00176,-0.007379,0.002995,0.003957,0.008627,-0.003615,-0.007065
Burgusio_EMA:2068,0.120652,0.148267,0.0445,-0.01292,0.049855,-0.004462,0.004935,0.003231,0.019634,0.026789,-0.002923,0.00015,-0.012042,-0.003165,-0.017644,0.011933,0.02373,0.00228,0.006536,-0.008004,0.001373,-0.00643,0.000986,-0.00253,-0.009101
Burgusio_EMA:2069,0.124067,0.158423,0.026021,-0.016473,0.03416,-0.008646,0.000235,-0.001154,0.005113,0.031162,-0.00682,0.009292,-0.016501,-0.00578,-0.010179,0.005967,0.022035,0.005954,-0.004777,0.000125,-0.001872,0.006677,0.000986,0.002651,-0.00455
Burgusio_EMA:2324,0.111547,0.142174,0.044123,0.014 212,0.044008,-0.003347,0.003995,0.003,0.005318,0.015308,-0.011205,0.003147,-0.014717,-0.00523,-0.001493,0.008088,0.001565,0.011655,0.006285,0.003 627,0.004866,0.008161,-0.004683,0.004579,-0.005269
Burgusio_EMA:2404,0.120652,0.149283,0.033941,-0.018411,0.045239,-0.01506,-0.00376,-0.013153,0.020657,0.032074,-0.003085,0.008093,-0.016055,-0.007019,0.004072,0.012198,0.008605,0.005321,0.004 399,0.002251,-0.003494,-0.002102,-0.000616,-0.003856,-0.005508
Burgusio_EMA:2405,0.120652,0.155376,0.033187,-0.009367,0.056318,-0.008367,-0.00376,-0.003461,0.010226,0.032438,-0.003573,0.007194,-0.022448,-0.003716,-0.009908,0.000133,0.016559,-0.005448,0,0.003752,0.00287,0.011871,-0.008751,0.000361,-0.007185
Burgusio_EMA:2417,0.125205,0.145221,0.058454,0.006 137,0.0397,0.003904,0.001175,0.007384,0.015339,0.0 27882,-0.010393,0.005245,-0.012636,-0.012386,0.009365,0.003978,0.009779,0.002027,0.003 268,-0.006753,0.002995,0.011005,-0.002835,0.000723,0.008981
Burgusio_EMA:2418,0.126344,0.14319,0.021873,-0.021641,0.036314,-0.012271,-0.000705,0.004615,0.017794,0.030433,0.004872,0.010 191,-0.011001,-0.005505,-0.002714,-0.009149,-0.007041,0.003927,0.006034,-0.003502,0.001996,0.00272,-0.00456,-0.003856,-0.001557
Burgusio_EMA:2419,0.117238,0.146236,0.018856,-0.018734,0.024004,-0.013108,-0.00705,-0.005538,0.013703,0.024966,0.000812,-0.000599,-0.010704,-0.01734,-0.002036,0.007558,0.013169,-0.0019,-0.001508,0.004502,0.000749,0.000989,-0.003328,0.00253,-0.000359
Burgusio_EMA:2422,0.129758,0.137096,0.040352,0.005 491,0.036314,0.000558,-0.007285,-0.002077,0.01084,0.017312,0.001299,-0.007493,-0.025867,0.001239,-0.001357,-0.016441,-0.00013,0.0019,0.009679,-0.005628,-0.019965,0.003957,-0.002711,-0.006025,0.00467
Burgusio_EMA:2423,0.126344,0.148267,0.026776,-0.013243,0.039392,-0.005857,-0.003525,0.000462,0.022702,0.032802,0.003573,0.000 749,-0.012785,-0.010597,-0.0038,-0.00305,0.004694,0.00038,-0.005782,-0.003377,-0.002995,-0.002226,-0.010723,-0.000964,-0.005868
Burgusio_EMA:2424,0.112685,0.161469,0.018856,-0.020995,0.040007,0.005857,-0.005405,0.00923,0.016975,0.033167,-0.004384,0.008093,-0.013379,-0.010735,-0.011129,-0.012861,-0.015776,0.006714,-0.001885,-0.017133,0.004866,0.01014,0.000493,-0.000482,-0.002155
Burgusio_EMA:2425,0.125205,0.160454,0.044877,-0.000323,0.036314,-0.003068,-0.00705,0.007154,0.009613,0.036994,0.002111,0.0050 95,-0.026313,0.000826,-0.007329,-0.011535,-0.019166,0.006461,0.004777,-0.007754,0.004492,0.005935,-0.003204,0.004217,-0.000958
Burgusio_EMA:2427,0.12862,0.137096,0.036204,0.0035 53,0.035699,-0.007809,-0.00517,0.006461,0.023111,0.030251,-0.006171,0.008393,-0.011744,0.011423,-0.003664,-0.020154,-0.013951,-0.0019,0.001508,-0.009379,-0.007487,0.006554,-0.002711,-0.006868,-0.007305
Burgusio_EMA:2428,0.120652,0.148267,0.022627,-0.021318,0.039084,-0.011713,0.001645,-0.001615,0.005318,0.027518,0.005684,0.010641,-0.011596,-0.011285,-0.003936,0.000663,0.00326,-0.000887,-0.001006,0.001251,-0.006239,0.003586,0.000616,0.005784,-0.0097
Burgusio_EMA:2429,0.129758,0.138112,0.047894,-0.003553,0.031698,0.005299,0.005405,-0.000923,-0.005113,0.024602,-0.002761,0.002997,-0.009514,-0.001376,0.007057,-0.004375,-0.006519,0.008615,-0.001257,0.005503,0.002246,0.008656,-0.003574,-0.006386,-0.001557
Burgusio_EMA:2430,0.126344,0.148267,0.043369,0.008 398,0.056626,-0.000279,-0.002585,0.000462,0.021884,0.030616,-0.001461,0.012289,-0.013082,-0.009634,-0.003529,-0.004641,0.005085,0.001267,0.000628,-0.010255,-0.00287,-0.00371,-0.001725,-0.003615,0.003353


Burgusio_EMA,0.12330828,0.14849289,0.033878,-0.0071957222,0.039682389,-0.0044932778,-0.0013316667,0.0016154444,0.012896389,0.028135222,-0.0023635556,0.0050456111,-0.014403556,-0.0062465556,-0.0037398333,-0.0012153889,0.0031003889,0.0023929444,0.001934333 3,-0.0029458889,-0.0010398889,0.0044377778,-0.0021362222,-0.00040838889,-0.0026743889


Distance to: Burgusio_EMA
0.00982153 Italian_Trentino_Alto_Adige
0.01210143 Italian_Veneto
0.01282578 Italian_Bergamo
0.01794339 Italian_Lombardy
0.01805419 Spanish_Mallorca
0.01815754 Spanish_Baleares
0.01933488 Spanish_Menorca
0.01977611 Italian_Piedmont

[Gaditanian]

Distance to: Gaditanian
0.04193412 Burgusio_EMA:2423
0.04322362 Burgusio_EMA:2418
0.04531341 Burgusio_EMA:2419
0.04555856 Burgusio_EMA:2404
0.04572640 Burgusio_EMA:2428
0.05164029 Burgusio_EMA:2430
0.05313838 Burgusio_EMA:2324
0.05457050 Burgusio_EMA:2424
0.05537506 Burgusio_EMA:1895
0.05547735 Burgusio_EMA:2427
0.05619266 Burgusio_EMA:2417
0.05715269 Burgusio_EMA:2405
0.05737872 Burgusio_EMA:2429
0.05875923 Burgusio_EMA:2068
0.05985279 Burgusio_EMA:2069
0.06065669 Burgusio_EMA:2067
0.06100118 Burgusio_EMA:2422
0.06185485 Burgusio_EMA:2425

[Voskos]

...

[Ajeje Brazorf]

https://i.imgur.com/ebtZkia.png

[Leto]

https://i.imgur.com/ebtZkia.png
Can you please share the entire PCA without the red samples? Just modern Europe.