Ancient DNA and Paleoproteomic Analysis on Roman Imperial-Era Individuals from Histria, Romania

[Ajeje Brazorf]

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJNA1023923

In this study, we employed shotgun sequencing techniques to delve into the genetics of ten archaeological individuals who were interred in the Roman necropolis of Histria. Histria was a city established by Greek colonists and is located near the Black Sea and the mouth of the Danube. Our project explores various facets of their genetic makeup. First, we performed ancient DNA authentication was rigorously conducted to ensure the reliability of the genetic data. We also estimated the sex of these individuals using genomic technique, recognizing the nuances of skeletal preservation and the limitations of traditional methods. Moreover, contamination estimates were meticulously assessed to distinguish endogenous DNA from potential exogenous sources. Finally, we investigated the intricate details of population structure of this sample. This multi-faceted approach offers a holistic view of the genetic landscape of this unique archaeological cohort. Because we upload the raw fastq files, we urge researchers that use our data to perform their own filtering and quality assessments before including the data into their downstream analyses.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375054957_Ancient_DNA_and_Paleoproteomic_Analysis_ on_Roman_Imperial-Era_Individuals_from_Histria_Romania

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291258__AD_350_ _Cov_12.82%,0.117238,0.11577,0.028661,0.016473,-0.001231,0.017012,0.004935,-0.009461,-0.019634,-0.020228,-0.01088,0.003297,-0.019029,-0.012799,0.00095,-0.001326,0.009127,-0.00038,0.000628,0.003752,0.007112,0.014838,0.0151 59,0.001807,-0.011496
Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291260__AD_350_ _Cov_12.09%,0.114961,0.153345,-0.013576,-0.061047,0.004616,-0.021196,0.009635,-0.006923,0.009204,0.025878,-0.005684,0.005695,-0.004906,-0.011973,-0.002714,0.007558,0.018254,0.00266,0.00817,0.00250 1,-0.004866,-0.002597,0.002711,-0.001084,-0.000479
Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291262__AD_350_ _Cov_10.70%,0.111547,0.157407,-0.033941,-0.076874,0.011694,-0.042391,0,-0.005769,0.008999,0.031345,0.016239,0.013788,-0.009068,0.000826,-0.021715,-0.019093,-0.004433,0.001394,-0.00264,-0.014007,-0.013975,-0.008408,-0.004067,-0.001807,0.008622
Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291264__AD_350_ _Cov_44.33%,0.122929,0.140143,0.017348,-0.017442,0.032314,-0.006136,-0.010575,-0.004384,0.004704,0.023691,0.005684,0.002248,-0.009812,-0.00812,-0.000679,0.007027,0.007302,0.005194,0.004148,-0.006878,-0.010107,0.006059,-0.006162,0.004217,-0.001676


Distance to: Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291258__AD_350_ _Cov_12.82%
0.03951832 Serbia_Kormadin:I27296__AD_523__Cov_70.38%
0.04048438 Ukraine_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL003__BC_3613__Cov_54.12%
0.04290667 Ukraine_Usatove_En:MAJ023__BC_4145__Cov_41.76%
0.04408350 Ukraine_Usatove_En:USV005__BC_3588__Cov_77.23%
0.04547515 Ukraine_Usatove_En:MAJ002__BC_4351__Cov_81.43%
0.04636064 Ukraine_Cernavodă_I_En:KTL006__BC_4058__Cov_82.61%
0.04750083 Ukraine_Usatove_En:USV004__BC_3703__Cov_36.75%
0.04781509 Ukraine_Usatove_En:MAJ003__BC_3777__Cov_75.93%
0.04887052 Croatia_SisakPogorelec:I26762__AD_375__Cov_70.51%
0.04915905 06lab_scaled


Distance to: Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291260__AD_350_ _Cov_12.09%
0.03097495 Italian_Apulia:GSM1094915
0.03103385 Italy_Imperial.SG:R125.SG__AD_200__Cov_52.87%
0.03116398 Italy_Imperial.SG:R436.SG__AD_100__Cov_79.12%
0.03133645 Italian_Campania:NaN195ST
0.03162812 Italian_Apulia:GSM1094905
0.03197749 Greek_Kos:GreeceKos6
0.03210208 Italy_Imperial.SG:R47.SG__AD_295__Cov_71.94%
0.03234480 Italian_Campania:NaN58AC
0.03272331 Italian_Campania:NaN207MM
0.03277867 Greek_Kos:GreeceKos2


Distance to: Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291262__AD_350_ _Cov_10.70%
0.03530435 Turkey_C:I10547__BC_4500__Cov_37.78%
0.04011201 Turkey_C:I10542__BC_3511__Cov_67.71%
0.04089628 Italy_Imperial.SG:R78.SG__AD_100__Cov_70.85%
0.04124276 Italy_IsolaSacra_RomanImperial.SG:R11109.SG__AD_20 0__Cov_50.24%
0.04129087 Turkey_EBA:I5735__BC_2975__Cov_32.76%
0.04165278 Italy_Imperial.SG:R66.SG__AD_200__Cov_47.00%
0.04191124 Turkey_Aegean_Mugla_Samantas_Byz:I20264__AD_604__C ov_71.20%
0.04271511 Turkey_WestByzantine:I8373__AD_600__Cov_56.19%
0.04390767 Greece_Islands_LBA:LAZ020__BC_1318__Cov_87.28%
0.04432065 eolien_friend_mother_scaled


Distance to: Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291264__AD_350_ _Cov_44.33%
0.02392151 Italian_Tuscany
0.02495239 Italian_Emilia
0.02566911 Italian_Piedmont
0.02574672 Italian_Tuscany:Tuscany93
0.02593932 Italian_Tuscany:VO65
0.02606928 French_Provence:S_34
0.02625782 Swiss_Italian
0.02656263 Austria_Klosterneuburg_Roman_oLevant.SG:R10654.SG_ _AD_347__Cov_85.55%
0.02658444 Italian_Tuscany:NA20508
0.02663113 Italian_Piedmont:ItalyPiedmont63

[Voskos]

Target: Romanian
Distance: 2.1730% / 0.02172976
57.0 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
26.2 Lithuania_BA
10.0 Bulgaria_Medieval_oEastAsia
6.8 Lebanon_Medieval.SG

[Nurzat]

if you add them versus modern population on Vahaduo G25 plot, they overlap Italian Campania and Greek Apulia (both are in Magna Graecia).

one of them clusters with Serbs/Romanians/Moldovans, and seems to be an outlier (Greek-Scythian mix or Scythian).

one of them clusters with Tuscans.

two of them are in the area of Greek Islanders/Greek Italians.

overall I think they show best affinity to Ancient Greeks, which is a nice confirmation, and those not clustering there are normal for any seaside city of the period, as each such city had various „foreigners” living inside it: traders, merchants, sailors, craftsmen, mercenaries etc


edit:
also want to add that modern Greeks are a bit more to the right on the plot, because of subsequent (slight) north-Balkan and Slavic mix, compared to ancient Greeks, which overlap present day southern Italians. so the results for those two purely Greek samples in Histria are normally Greek, but indeed the third sample is maybe Celtic-admixed and the fourth might be a Scythian or a Greek-Scythian

[celticdragongod]

Distance to: CDG_scaled
0.08749589 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291258__AD_350_ _Cov_12.82%
0.10026527 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291264__AD_350_ _Cov_44.33%
0.15647321 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291260__AD_350_ _Cov_12.09%
0.19008259 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291262__AD_350_ _Cov_10.70%

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 8.1840% / 0.08184022
65.2 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291258__AD_350_ _Cov_12.82%
34.8 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291264__AD_350_ _Cov_44.33%

[Dušan]

if you add them versus modern population on Vahaduo G25 plot, they overlap Italian Campania and Greek Apulia (both are in Magna Graecia).

one of them clusters with Serbs/Romanians/Moldovans, and seems to be an outlier (Greek-Scythian mix or Scythian).

one of them clusters with Tuscans.

two of them are in the area of Greek Islanders/Greek Italians.

overall I think they show best affinity to Ancient Greeks, which is a nice confirmation, and those not clustering there are normal for any seaside city of the period, as each such city had various „foreigners” living inside it: traders, merchants, sailors, craftsmen, mercenaries etc


I got one of them in mixed mode with modern population


Target: Dušan_scaled
Distance: 1.7362% / 0.01736220
42.0 Lithuanian_VZ
23.2 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291262__AD_350_ _Cov_10.70%
18.0 Russian_Smolensk
7.8 Sardinian
3.8 Albanian
3.8 Italian_Liguria
0.8 Georgian_Svaneti
0.6 Even


Target: Dušan_scaled
Distance: 1.8411% / 0.01841149 | ADC: 0.25x RC
78.4 Ukrainian_Lviv
16.4 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291262__AD_350_ _Cov_10.70%
5.2 Sardinian




Distance to: Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291262__AD_350_ _Cov_10.70%
0.05013644 Greek_Dodecanese_Rhodes
0.05161876 Bulgarian_Jew
0.05210844 Cypriot
0.05365559 Romaniote_Jew
0.05405329 Italian_Jew
0.05416275 Greek_Dodecanese
0.05562643 Turkish_Jew
0.05620579 Sephardic_Jew
0.05929678 Greek_Kos
0.06113890 Greek_Deep_Mani



Target: Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291262__AD_350_ _Cov_10.70%
Distance: 4.0269% / 0.04026894
40.6 Samaritan
34.2 Sardinian
24.6 Greek_Trabzon
0.6 Papuan_Highland_A

[Lemurian]

Very interesting, thanks. And it makes sense.