DNA results of Poles from Kresy [Archive] - The Apricity Forum: A European Cultural Community

View Full Version : DNA results of Poles from Kresy

Peterski

06-22-2024, 06:45 PM

In this thread I would like to discuss DNA results and genetic origins of ethnic Poles from Kresy (Former Eastern Poland):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kresy

Here is a Pole from Northern Kresy (Belarus and near the border with Latvia):

Eurogenes K36:

PL_NE_Kresy_M084406,0,0,0,0,0,6.22,0,0,7.65,0,30.4 2,0,18.13,16.44,1.88,6.89,0,2.46,0,0,0,2.25,0,7.61 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

Sample PL_NE_Kresy_M084406
Amerindian 0
Arabian 0
Armenian 0
Basque 0
Central African 0
Central Euro 6.22
East African 0
East Asian 0
East Balkan 7.65
East Central Asian 0
East Central Euro 30.42
East Med 0
Eastern Euro 18.13
Fennoscandian 16.44
French 1.88
Iberian 6.89
Indo-Chinese 0
Italian 2.46
Malayan 0
Near Eastern 0
North African 0
North Atlantic 2.25
North Caucasian 0
North Sea 7.61
Northeast African 0
Oceanian 0
Omotic 0
Pygmy 0
Siberian 0
South Asian 0
South Central Asian 0
South Chinese 0
Volga-Ural 0
West African 0
West Caucasian 0
West Med 0

^^^ And his K36 Similitude map:

https://i.imgur.com/o05Z1hb.png

^^^
He has ancestors from areas "A" and "B" in this map:

http://i.imgur.com/luLrkpU.png

==========

And here is a Pole from the city of Lwów (Lviv), his GEDmatch kit is T594200 (surname Rzepiński):

Eurogenes K36:

PL_Lwow_T594200,0,0,0,0,0,8.76,0,0,7.16,0,18.53,0, 9.21,13.81,3.39,7.85,0,10.03,0,0,0,7.45,0.3,11.26, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.73,0,0.88,0.63

Sample PL_Lwow_T594200
Amerindian 0
Arabian 0
Armenian 0
Basque 0
Central African 0
Central Euro 8.76
East African 0
East Asian 0
East Balkan 7.16
East Central Asian 0
East Central Euro 18.53
East Med 0
Eastern Euro 9.21
Fennoscandian 13.81
French 3.39
Iberian 7.85
Indo-Chinese 0
Italian 10.03
Malayan 0
Near Eastern 0
North African 0
North Atlantic 7.45
North Caucasian 0.3
North Sea 11.26
Northeast African 0
Oceanian 0
Omotic 0
Pygmy 0
Siberian 0
South Asian 0
South Central Asian 0
South Chinese 0
Volga-Ural 0.73
West African 0
West Caucasian 0.88
West Med 0.63

^^^ And his K36 Similitude map:

https://i.imgur.com/CdRgCqj.png

==========

Here is a Pole with origins from the region of Podolia (Vinnytsia Oblast), this is what he scores in G25:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnytsia_Oblast

G25 coordinates:

PL_Vinnytsia1_scaled,0.134311,0.125926,0.057699,0. 052649,0.040007,0.013666,0.00329,0.00923,-0.003681,-0.020775,0.002923,-0.008093,0.009217,0.011147,-0.013436,0.011535,0.02047,-0.003167,-0.000503,0.007879,-0.008735,-0.006306,0.003821,-0.000241,0.001078

Distance to: PL_Vinnytsia1_scaled
0.02124830 Slovakian
0.02562661 Moldovan_o
0.02881164 Ukrainian_Zakarpattia
0.03073915 Polish_Silesian
0.03279113 Ukrainian_Rivne
0.03304248 Polish
0.03364332 Russian_Belgorod
0.03417653 Sorb_Niederlausitz
0.03448512 Ukrainian_Dnipro
0.03481219 Ukrainian_Chernihiv
0.03542310 Ukrainian_Zhytomyr
0.03621561 Ukrainian_Lviv
0.03657268 Czech
0.03803376 Russian_Kursk
0.03826672 Cossack_Ukrainian
(...)

Mixed Mode with all references from the official datasheet included:

Target: PL_Vinnytsia1_scaled
Distance: 1.8103% / 0.01810250
64.4 Slovakian
18.6 Lithuanian_VA
9.8 Cossack_Kuban
3.4 Abkhasian_Gudauta
3.2 Greek_Cyclades_Amorgos
0.6 Papuan

PL_Vinnytsia1 in Eurogenes K36 scores like this:

PL_Vinnytsia1,0,0,0.93,0,0,10.26,0,0,7.76,0,22.33, 0,13.49,9.25,0,8.14,0,9.78,0,0,0,4.73,2.1,7.17,0,0 .25,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,1.51,0.31

Sample PL_Vinnytsia1
Amerindian 0
Arabian 0
Armenian 0.93
Basque 0
Central African 0
Central Euro 10.26
East African 0
East Asian 0
East Balkan 7.76
East Central Asian 0
East Central Euro 22.33
East Med 0
Eastern Euro 13.49
Fennoscandian 9.25
French 0
Iberian 8.14
Indo-Chinese 0
Italian 9.78
Malayan 0
Near Eastern 0
North African 0
North Atlantic 4.73
North Caucasian 2.1
North Sea 7.17
Northeast African 0
Oceanian 0.25
Omotic 0
Pygmy 0
Siberian 0
South Asian 0
South Central Asian 0
South Chinese 0
Volga-Ural 2
West African 0
West Caucasian 1.51
West Med 0.31

And his closest K36 single distances (ethnic Ukrainians from Vinnytsia Oblast are quite far away):

[1] "1. CLOSEST SINGLE ITEM DISTANCE%"
Europe_SK_Zemplin:Rusyn
0.5399444
Europe_UA_Lviv-Oblast
0.6067446
Europe_UA_Zakarpattia-Oblast
0.6911830
Europe_SK_Slovakia:Avg
0.7001328
Europe_SK_Slovakia-Presov
0.7041427
Europe_PL_Podkarpackie:Lemkos
0.7717091
Europe_PL_Malopolskie
0.8003318
Europe_PL_Podkarpackie
0.8146226
Europe_UA_Poltava-Oblast
0.8690679
Europe_HU_North-Great-Plain
0.8764371
Europe_CZ_Moravia
0.8796579
Europe_HU_North-Hungary
0.8846785
Europe_PL_Upper-Silesia
0.8898354
Europe_UA_Vinnytsia-Oblast
0.8914746
(...)

==========

Another Pole from Kresy, she has ancestry from what is now Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast and Ternopil Oblast:

G25 coordinates:

Lugius_mother_scaled,0.12862,0.137096,0.066373,0.0 5814,0.033237,0.028726,0.008225,0.010846,-0.003886,-0.020046,-0.002111,-0.010041,0.014271,0.020231,-0.011808,-0.002917,0.008996,0.002027,0.003268,-0.003377,-0.000749,-0.000618,0.004683,0.000241,0.002874

Eurogenes K36:

Lugius_mother,0,0,4.02,0,0,11.20,0,0,5.04,0,19.43, 0.89,17.70,10.40,5.90,4.41,0,2.11,0,0,0,2.43,0,12. 55,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2.60,0,1.29,0

Sample Lugius_mother
Amerindian -
Arabian -
Armenian 4.02 Pct
Basque -
Central_African -
Central_Euro 11.2 Pct
East_African -
East_Asian -
East_Balkan 5.04 Pct
East_Central_Asian -
East_Central_Euro 19.43 Pct
East_Med 0.89 Pct
Eastern_Euro 17.7 Pct
Fennoscandian 10.4 Pct
French 5.9 Pct
Iberian 4.41 Pct
Indo-Chinese -
Italian 2.11 Pct
Malayan -
Near_Eastern -
North_African -
North_Atlantic 2.43 Pct
North_Caucasian -
North_Sea 12.55 Pct
Northeast_African -
Oceanian -
Omotic -
Pygmy -
Siberian -
South_Asian -
South_Central_Asian -
South_Chinese -
Volga-Ural 2.6 Pct
West_African -
West_Caucasian 1.29 Pct
West_Med -

K36 Single Distances:

[1] "1. CLOSEST SINGLE ITEM DISTANCE%"
Europe_PL_Wielkopolskie:Avg
0.8755158
Europe_PL_Warmia-Masuria
0.9351160
Europe_PL_Podkarpackie:Avg
0.9379371
Europe_PL_Upper-Silesia
0.9529801
Europe_PL_Malopolskie
0.9595244
Europe_PL_Swietokrzyskie
0.9668087
Europe_PL_Wielkopolskie:South
0.9895256
Europe_PL_Wielkopolskie:North
0.9939869
Europe_PL_Central-Poland
1.0071931
Europe_PL_Mazowieckie
1.0088657
(...)

K36 Mixed Mode:

Lugius_mother

Europe_PL_Mazowieckie,30.1
Europe_PL_Suwalki,17.8
Europe_PL_Warmia-Masuria,12.3
Europe_AL_Korce_County,7.3
Europe_NO_Ostfold,5.6
Europe_PL_Podkarpackie,5.1
Russia_RUS_Rostov,3.9
Europe_LV_Latvia-Riga,3.4
Russia_RUS_Mordovia,3.2
Europe_FR_Isere-Department,2.9
Asia_TUR_Hemsin,2.3
Europe_NL_Drenthe,2.1
Russia_RUS_Mari-El,2
Europe_BY_Minsk,1
Europe_FR_Var-Department,1

==========

Another Pole with ancestry from East Galicia, K36 Similitude map:

https://i.imgur.com/VPMIvWA.png

Eurogenes K36

PL_East_Galicia2,0.12,0,1.10,1.38,0,7.96,0,0,6.94, 0,22.51,0,11.52,5.93,1.13,7.44,0,9.25,0,0,0,6.92,4 .73,7.56,0,0.19,0,0,0,0,0,0,2.12,0,0,3.17

Sample PL_East_Galicia2
Amerindian 0.12 Pct
Arabian -
Armenian 1.10 Pct
Basque 1.38 Pct
Central_African -
Central_Euro 7.96 Pct
East_African -
East_Asian -
East_Balkan 6.94 Pct
East_Central_Asian -
East_Central_Euro 22.51 Pct
East_Med -
Eastern_Euro 11.52 Pct
Fennoscandian 5.93 Pct
French 1.13 Pct
Iberian 7.44 Pct
Indo-Chinese -
Italian 9.25 Pct
Malayan -
Near_Eastern -
North_African -
North_Atlantic 6.92 Pct
North_Caucasian 4.73 Pct
North_Sea 7.56 Pct
Northeast_African -
Oceanian 0.19 Pct
Omotic -
Pygmy -
Siberian -
South_Asian -
South_Central_Asian -
South_Chinese -
Volga-Ural 2.12 Pct
West_African -
West_Caucasian -
West_Med 3.17 Pct

K36 Single Distances:

PL_East_Galicia2

[1] "1. CLOSEST SINGLE ITEM DISTANCE%"
Europe_PL_Podkarpackie:Lemkos
0.4113526
Europe_SK_Zemplin:Rusyn
0.6316589
Europe_SK_Slovakia-Presov
0.6738256
Europe_SK_Slovakia:Avg
0.6787032
Europe_UA_Lviv-Oblast
0.7168270
Europe_UA_Zakarpattia-Oblast
0.7474998
Europe_HU_North-Great-Plain
0.8395785
Europe_HU_North-Hungary
0.8633342
Europe_HR_Croatia-Zagreb
0.8765586
Europe_SK_Central-Slovakia
0.8802238
Europe_PL_Malopolskie
0.8981731
Europe_CZ_Bohemia
0.9039121
Europe_CZ_Moravia
0.9111454
Europe_SVN_Slovenia:Avg
0.9205911
(...)

Peterski

06-22-2024, 06:56 PM

And these are 15 academic samples of ethnic Poles from Estonia:

Kit Number: LK5810440
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL135

Kit Number: HN5578439
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL150

Kit Number: KZ8706898
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL132

Kit Number: AZ8283838
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL133

Kit Number: EK6054770
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL136

Kit Number: TK3628144
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL137

Kit Number: EZ6423511
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL138

Kit Number: XF3966585
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL140

Kit Number: DR5396941
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL141

Kit Number: LK5514818
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL142

Kit Number: GL2046169
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia PL143

Kit Number: LZ6789348
Name: Ethnic Polish in Estonia Pole12p_1m

Kit Number: BD1045630
Name: Estonian Pole1 Kohtla-Jarve

Kit Number: PB4657964
Name: Pagani 2016 Estonian Pole3

Kit Number: JR7565919
Name: Pagani 2016 Estonian Pole2

And their Eurogenes K36 results:

LK5810440,0.31,0,0,0,0,5.43,0,0,6.09,0,14.16,0,16. 16,22.15,2.17,2.82,0,2.14,0,0,0,8.18,0,10.34,0.47, 0.09,0,0,1.28,0,1.79,0,3.33,0,2.28,0.8
HN5578439,0,0,0,1.17,0,6.88,0,0,6.96,0,29.8,0,17.8 8,12.83,2.9,0,0,6.81,0,0,0,7.21,2.69,4.81,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
KZ8706898,0,0,0,0,0,9.37,0,0,6.51,0,28.37,0,20.84, 13.7,2.45,4.32,0,0,0,0,0,7.97,0,5.47,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 ,0,1,0,0,0
AZ8283838,0,0,0,0,0,8.85,0,0,3.2,0,16.32,0,17.01,2 3.66,0,2.55,0,0,0,0,0,9.18,1.99,7.3,0,0.62,0,0,2.1 8,0,0.62,0,6.51,0,0,0
EK6054770,0,0,0,0,0,5.34,0,0,5.88,0,19.78,0,16.03, 12.04,3.38,6.65,0,7.27,0,0,0,7.6,3.94,10.69,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,1.4,0,0,0
TK3628144,0,0,0,0.27,0,7.42,0,0,4.25,0,27.53,0,22. 11,9.68,3.68,6.31,0,0.27,0,0,0,4.72,2.72,8.51,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,2.53,0,0,0
EZ6423511,0,0,0,0,0,11.16,0,0,3.88,0,27.65,0,19.13 ,11.24,3.13,5.33,0,2.32,0,0,0,4.41,0,8.7,0,0,0,0,0 ,0,0,0,3.05,0,0,0
XF3966585,0.38,0,0,0,0,9.05,0,0,3.31,0,22.14,0,20. 43,27.95,1.48,0,0,0.96,0.31,0,0,1.38,0.06,7.23,0,0 ,0,0,0,0.87,0,0,4.44,0,0,0
DR5396941,0,0,0,3.59,0,8.53,0,0,8.32,0,28.09,0,18. 63,17.43,0,2.66,0,0,0,0,0,4.44,0,7.69,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0.62
LK5514818,0,0.44,0.46,2.13,0,9.65,0,0,1.87,0,22.44 ,0,18.99,11.73,0.57,11.75,0,0.88,0,0,0,7.55,0.24,7 .13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3.35,0,0.81,0
GL2046169,0,0,0,1.38,0,8.74,0,0,7.5,0,27.84,0,20.3 7,12.23,2.57,0,0,3.66,0,0,0,7.73,0,5.07,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0.47,0,2.45,0,0,0
LZ6789348,0,0,0.13,0.48,0,11,0,0,6.43,0,21.76,0,16 .18,12.47,2.67,6.91,0,0.18,0,0,0,5.62,2.17,10.71,0 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.11,0,1.67,1.53
BD1045630,0,0,0,0.45,0,7.55,0,0,3.98,0,27.28,0,21. 66,9.99,3.99,6.47,0,0.14,0,0,0,5.12,2.51,8.28,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,2.59,0,0,0
PB4657964,0,0,0,1.28,0,6.9,0,0,6.73,0,29.85,0,17.6 8,12.72,3.06,0,0,6.89,0,0,0,7.3,2.5,5.06,0,0,0,0,0 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
JR7565919,0,0,0,3.66,0,8.27,0,0,8.25,0,28.13,0,18. 52,17.57,0,3.09,0,0,0,0,0,4.61,0,6.99,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0.92

Closest Single Distances to each of 15 academic Estonian Poles:

Distance to: JR7565919
6.24386899 Russia_RUS_Pskov
6.27742782 Europe_LT_Lithuania-Alytus
6.90116657 Russia_RUS_Smolensk
6.90363672 Europe_BY_Grodno
6.91003618 Europe_PL_Podlaskie

Distance to: PB4657964
6.23749148 Europe_UA_Chernihiv-Oblast
7.25570810 Europe_UA_Kharkiv-Oblast
7.28032280 Europe_UA_Poltava-Oblast
7.79404901 Europe_UA_Kiev-Oblast
7.85678688 Europe_BY_Polesye

Distance to: BD1045630
6.48821239 Europe_BY_Vitebsk
6.57022070 Europe_UA_Zhytomyr-Oblast
6.64631477 Europe_BY_Minsk
6.74466456 Russia_RUS_Smolensk
6.96607493 Europe_BY_Grodno

Distance to: LZ6789348
5.98811323 Europe_PL_Wielkopolskie
6.03247047 Europe_PL_Zachodniopomorskie
6.57260222 Europe_PL_Warmia-Masuria
6.74874062 Europe_PL_Kujawsko-Pomorskie
6.75141467 Europe_PL_Malopolskie

Distance to: GL2046169
5.33682490 Europe_UA_Chernihiv-Oblast
5.92485443 Europe_BY_Minsk
6.19752370 Russia_RUS_Smolensk
6.28634234 Europe_UA_Luhansk-Oblast
6.59104696 Europe_UA_Sumy-Oblast

Distance to: LK5514818
9.29068889 Russia_RUS_Tambov
9.70505538 Europe_PL_Malopolskie
9.86927556 Europe_BY_Grodno
10.17994106 Europe_UA_Zhytomyr-Oblast
10.42532973 Europe_BY_Vitebsk

Distance to: DR5396941
6.18747121 Europe_LT_Lithuania-Alytus
6.31938288 Russia_RUS_Pskov
6.58787523 Europe_PL_Podlaskie
6.73483482 Europe_LV_Latvia-Jelgava
6.86872623 Europe_BY_Minsk

Distance to: XF3966585
5.56141169 Russia_RUS_Novgorod
8.02125925 Europe_EE_Estonia:Avg
8.12430920 Russia_RUS_Krasnoborsk
8.69324450 Europe_EE_Voru-County
8.81873007 Europe_EE_Polva-County

Distance to: EZ6423511
5.96150988 Europe_BY_Minsk
6.04313660 Europe_BY_Grodno
6.25659652 Europe_BY_Vitebsk
6.41718786 Europe_UA_Zhytomyr-Oblast
6.48697927 Europe_PL_Podlaskie

Distance to: TK3628144
6.67758939 Europe_BY_Vitebsk
6.80485856 Europe_UA_Zhytomyr-Oblast
6.90648970 Europe_BY_Minsk
6.99922853 Russia_RUS_Smolensk
7.34111027 Europe_BY_Grodno

Distance to: EK6054770
5.28651114 Europe_PL_Malopolskie
5.39968518 Europe_PL_Upper-Silesia
5.49231281 Europe_PL_Podkarpackie
6.04709021 Europe_SK_Central-Slovakia
6.14551056 Europe_SK_Slovakia:Avg

Distance to: AZ8283838
7.50321931 Russia_RUS_Kostroma
8.95078209 Russia_RUS_Perm
9.12170488 Russia_RUS_Solvychegodsk
9.32048282 Russia_RUS_Krasnoborsk
9.66362768 Russia_RUS_Rostov

Distance to: KZ8706898
5.02523631 Russia_RUS_Smolensk
5.15771267 Europe_BY_Minsk
5.89257159 Europe_LT_Lithuania-Alytus
6.03939567 Europe_BY_Grodno
6.50759556 Russia_RUS_Moscow

Distance to: HN5578439
6.23658560 Europe_UA_Chernihiv-Oblast
7.30345124 Europe_UA_Poltava-Oblast
7.35304019 Europe_UA_Kharkiv-Oblast
7.78219121 Europe_UA_Kiev-Oblast
7.90693367 Europe_BY_Polesye

Distance to: LK5810440
9.34394456 Russia_RUS_Kostroma
9.82349734 Russia_RUS_Perm
10.37667577 Russia_RUS_Tver
10.39967788 Russia_RUS_Solvychegodsk
10.40279289 Russia_RUS_Rostov

Peterski

06-22-2024, 07:07 PM

A mixture of Polish and Estonian is probably what is producing Russian-like results.

rothaer

06-22-2024, 09:47 PM

A mixture of Polish and Estonian is probably what is producing Russian-like results.

Both as for Estonian Poles and Kresy Poles I'd like to know whether there is any Polish immigration - rural or town folks - recorded and if so when this was and what were the circumstances.

Peterski

06-22-2024, 09:54 PM

Both as for Estonian Poles and Kresy Poles I'd like to know whether there is any Polish immigration - rural or town folks - recorded and if so when this was and what were the circumstances.

According to Ukrainian nationalist - Volodymyr Kubijovyč - ancestors of all Poles in East Galicia "were all settlers originally":

https://i.imgur.com/oiuehUE.png

Peterski

06-22-2024, 10:12 PM

In 1340 king Casimir III the Great started colonizing western parts of Red Ruthenia with Polish settlers originating from central and southern Lesser Poland and Sandomir Land, also with German settlers (Walddeutsche). There was also Vlach colonization along the mountains. Smaller groups of Armenians, Greeks, Hungarians, Italians also came. Catholic settlers (Germans, Hungarians, etc.) were later Polonized while Orthodox settlers (Greeks, Moldavians, etc.) were Ruthenianized. Armenians were Polonized after the union of Polish Catholic and Armenian churches. There were also Masovian settlers coming to Red Ruthenia, called Mazurs.

There was also colonization by Polish peasants in Podolia. The area of Ternopil, Skalat and Terebovlia was a Polish language island.

rothaer

06-22-2024, 10:24 PM

Peterski

06-22-2024, 10:25 PM

In North-Eastern Poland probably Polonization of the local population played a larger role than in South-Eastern Poland.

Which is also why there emerged large areas with Polish majority in North-Eastern Poland (the so called "Polish Strip").

Peterski

06-22-2024, 10:44 PM

Did this also happen in Kresy?

Yes, for example in Lwów (Lviv).

=====

Here you can see that North-East Poland was more Polonized than South-East Poland in terms of percentage of Polish population:

(1931 census results by county)

1. South-East Poland:

https://i.imgur.com/NuhWNxW.png

https://i.imgur.com/NuhWNxW.png

2. North-East Poland:

https://i.imgur.com/BpBI3GP.png

https://i.imgur.com/BpBI3GP.png

rothaer

06-22-2024, 10:58 PM

Yes, for example in Lwów (Lviv).

Indeed. I was not aware of such settlement being medieval. From German Wikipedia:

"1356 erhielt die Stadt vom polnischen König Kasimir dem Großen das Magdeburger Stadtrecht; deutsche Bürger, Juden sowie auch Christen siedelten sich an. Im selben Jahr erhielten die Armenier Privilegien Kasimirs.[12] Die Amtssprache war nun fast 200 Jahre lang Deutsch."

(In 1356, the city received the Magdeburg city charter from the Polish King Casimir the Great; German citizens, Jews and Christians settled there. In the same year, the Armenians received privileges from Casimir[12] The official language was now German for almost 200 years.)

Peterski

06-22-2024, 11:19 PM

Here you have a map showing % of Poles with ancestry from Kresy in Poland, by region:

https://i.redd.it/g0hyjrqpb5h11.png

Kostek

06-23-2024, 11:20 AM

According to Ukrainian nationalist - Volodymyr Kubijovyč - ancestors of all Poles in East Galicia "were all settlers originally":

https://i.imgur.com/oiuehUE.png

National identity in Eastern Galicia was very unstable. For instance, my great great grandfather and his children identified as Polish but his brother and his children identified as Ukranian. Also when going through church records you can see that the same family was sometimes named as Roman catholic and in a different record as Greek catholic.

Peterski

07-11-2024, 12:19 AM

Here is a nice map showing Polish majority-plurality areas in Kresy according to the 1931 census:

https://www.arcgis.com/apps/CompareAnalysis/index.html?appid=c77590985e7146528189eddc08441786

Peterski

08-07-2025, 11:53 PM

PL_Vinnytsia1 is Abriekman's father but sample "PL_East_Galicia2" is actually a Lemko from Gorlice county, not a Pole.

So you can discount that sample. However, I found some more Polish samples from East Galicia and will post them soon.