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View Full Version : Capturing the fusion of two ancestries and kinship structures in Merovingian Flanders



Ajeje Brazorf
06-26-2024, 04:43 PM
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2406734121

The Merovingian period (5th to 8th cc AD) was a time of demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and political realignment in Western Europe. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence data of 30 human skeletal remains from a coastal Late Merovingian site of Koksijde (675 to 750 AD), alongside 18 remains from two Early to Late Medieval sites in present-day Flanders, Belgium. We find two distinct ancestries, one shared with Early Medieval England and the Netherlands, while the other, minor component, reflecting likely continental Gaulish ancestry. Kinship analyses identified no large pedigrees characteristic to elite burials revealing instead a high modularity of distant relationships among individuals of the main ancestry group. In contrast, individuals with >90% Gaulish ancestry had no kinship links among sampled individuals. Evidence for population structure and major differences in the extent of Gaulish ancestry in the main group, including in a mother–daughter pair, suggests ongoing admixture in the community at the time of their burial. The isotopic and genetic evidence combined supports a model by which the burials, representing an established coastal nonelite community, had incorporated migrants from inland populations. The main group of burials at Koksijde shows an abundance of >5 cM long shared allelic intervals with the High Medieval site nearby, implying long-term continuity and suggesting that similarly to Britain, the Early Medieval ancestry shifts left a significant and long-lasting impact on the genetic makeup of the Flemish population. We find substantial allele frequency differences between the two ancestry groups in pigmentation and diet-associated variants, including those linked with lactase persistence, likely reflecting ancestry change rather than local adaptation.


Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS001__AD_662__C ov_34.48%,0.1161,0.141159,0.046009,0.036499,0.0258 51,-0.003904,0.006345,0.007846,0.009408,0.004374,0.000 325,0.006594,-0.00446,-0.018304,0.015201,0.003447,-0.00339,0.002027,0.002765,0.000875,0.007986,0.0116 23,0.00419,0.013014,-0.006347
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS002__AD_678__C ov_69.31%,0.119514,0.127957,0.058831,0.039083,0.03 1083,0.006414,0.0047,0.010615,0.009204,0.010752,-0.004547,0.003747,-0.013528,-0.010184,0.017508,0.021214,0.004694,0.006208,0.013 073,0.001626,0.008485,-0.002597,-0.007395,0.010845,0.001557
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS003__AD_700__C ov_18.59%,0.126344,0.132019,0.062979,0.0323,0.0443 16,0.015618,0.009165,0.005077,0.007363,0.020046,0. 00065,0.009142,-0.012636,-0.008257,0.014522,0.008088,0.002217,0.003294,-0.004902,-0.003752,0.008235,-0.01286,-0.011955,0.007591,-0.002036
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS006__AD_702__C ov_99.27%,0.120652,0.140143,0.064111,0.045866,0.03 5699,0.01506,0.00329,0.002538,0.010022,0.003645,-0.003573,0.005245,-0.010852,-0.013487,0.027551,0.012994,0.011735,-0.004434,0.005908,0.015132,0.004118,0.002473,0.001 109,0.01205,-0.00467
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS007__AD_650__C ov_32.04%,0.122929,0.125926,0.07203,0.059109,0.044 008,0.021753,0.000235,0.001385,0.005113,-0.002734,-0.017376,0.0003,-0.015015,-0.012248,0.028908,0.005304,0.002086,0.002154,0.006 285,-0.003252,0.009982,0.00272,-0.002218,0.015303,0.008502
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS008C__AD_693__ Cov_76.77%,0.122929,0.138112,0.058454,0.041021,0.0 41546,0.009203,-0.002585,0.002769,0.014726,0.009841,-0.002273,0.004946,-0.015907,-0.007569,0.030537,0.008221,-0.01017,-0.003927,0.004902,0.002376,0.004243,0.011994,0.000 616,0.00976,-0.003712
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS009__AD_700__C ov_67.51%,0.112685,0.142174,0.039975,0.017119,0.04 0623,0.007809,-0.003995,0.007846,0.017589,0.014943,-0.005684,0.004646,-0.016204,-0.005918,0.007872,0.004773,-0.000652,-0.003547,-0.003897,-0.000875,0.001373,-0.008656,-0.004314,0.001325,0.001676
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS010__AD_700__C ov_12.93%,0.118376,0.139128,0.044877,0.027132,0.04 7393,0.020638,0.013161,0.010384,0.013908,0.027518,-0.007795,0.016335,-0.010258,-0.017065,0.016829,0.011138,0.019949,-0.015203,0.008799,0.012631,0.009358,0.001237,-0.011092,-0.000361,0.006347
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS011__AD_700__C ov_22.65%,0.124067,0.137096,0.058077,0.036822,0.04 9548,0.027889,0.020681,-0.001154,0.013294,0.011481,-0.014615,0.001349,-0.009366,-0.018304,0.009636,0.013126,0.000522,-0.000253,0.004148,0.006878,-0.002246,0.006925,0.001356,0.017834,0.000359
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS012__AD_700__C ov_12.90%,0.1161,0.11577,0.056568,0.048773,0.05354 8,0.018128,-0.001175,0.018922,-0.003886,0.000547,-0.008607,0.008692,0.001635,-0.005918,0.010179,0.020154,0.008214,-0.002154,-0.00817,0.009505,0.009234,0.005688,0.003204,-0.000241,0.010897
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS013__AD_700__C ov_24.04%,0.12862,0.137096,0.060339,0.034884,0.034 776,0.017291,0.004465,0.002538,0.004295,0.000729,-0.002436,0.01109,-0.008028,-0.00812,0.020765,0.006762,-0.007823,-0.002534,0.007668,0.001626,0.009234,-0.006925,-0.003081,0.013496,-0.012095
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS015__AD_743__C ov_30.15%,0.122929,0.137096,0.060716,0.036499,0.03 5083,0.007251,-0.002585,0.001154,0.005522,0.011116,0.006983,0.007 943,-0.01219,-0.006881,0.012622,-0.011933,-0.017732,0.000887,0.010182,0.003252,0.010232,0.002 844,0.005546,0.015544,0.011256
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS016__AD_684__C ov_30.61%,0.129758,0.13405,0.049026,0.035853,0.043 393,0.017849,0,0.008307,0.005522,-0.001276,-0.009094,-0.001499,-0.005203,-0.007707,0.015744,0.009281,-0.021383,0.006714,0.007919,0.008629,0.004492,0.005 564,0.006409,0.004699,0.000838
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS017__AD_619__C ov_99.72%,0.126344,0.136081,0.053928,0.037791,0.03 8776,0.018407,-0.00094,0.006231,0.008181,-0.001093,-0.002436,0.000599,-0.010258,-0.007294,0.015201,0.001989,-0.015385,0.00114,0.005908,0.009505,0.009858,0.0108 81,0.002958,0.006748,0.002754
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS022__AD_700__C ov_15.81%,0.125205,0.129988,0.057322,0.023256,0.04 0623,0.011713,0.01081,0.018692,-0.00225,0.008747,-0.003085,0.017385,-0.018583,-0.020506,0.02823,0.001989,-0.005607,-0.004434,-0.001006,0.004627,0.021462,-0.008161,-0.006655,0.012532,0.003113
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS024__AD_669__C ov_14.36%,0.127482,0.141159,0.06675,0.043605,0.034 16,0.019522,0.00047,0.006692,0.01309,0.012757,0.00 3735,0.001948,-0.019029,-0.02546,0.02538,0.009812,-0.013169,-0.006714,0.013198,0.004752,-0.004243,0.015828,0.006779,0.006507,-0.005389
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS028__AD_674__C ov_97.33%,0.113823,0.13405,0.065242,0.046512,0.048 009,0.019243,0,0.009923,0.007363,0.002734,-0.007307,0.004346,-0.009217,-0.004266,0.018187,0.007027,-0.002477,0.001394,-0.001006,0.001376,0.008859,0.000247,0.003697,0.013 375,0.003353
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS032__AD_700__C ov_79.31%,0.118376,0.142174,0.041483,0.028424,0.03 8469,0.004183,-0.008225,0.004384,0.00859,0.006925,-0.01088,0.007643,-0.009366,-0.012937,0.002307,-0.004906,-0.002738,0.002407,0,-0.003502,0.002371,0.006925,0.006286,-0.000241,-0.00479
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS033__AD_700__C ov_15.42%,0.114961,0.127957,0.057322,0.037468,0.04 2777,0.020359,0.00987,-0.002769,0.015339,0.006378,-0.000812,-0.001649,-0.011596,-0.012799,0.016965,0.017369,0.019688,-0.007475,0.000126,0.00025,0.015223,-0.006554,0.001232,0.011447,0.005389
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS034__AD_700__C ov_84.81%,0.120652,0.135065,0.058077,0.044897,0.04 1546,0.010598,0.00564,0.003461,0.014317,0.005467,-0.009906,0.001649,-0.008474,-0.012248,0.016558,0.006629,-0.004563,0.003421,-0.003017,0.002001,0.01148,0.001484,-0.002588,0.006627,-0.005987
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS036__AD_700__C ov_17.66%,0.130897,0.123895,0.074293,0.043282,0.05 0471,0.020638,0.003055,0.010384,0.014726,0.024784,-0.015102,0.006294,-0.016501,-0.012248,0.010993,0.016971,0.000391,0.013429,-0.001006,0.006503,0.016845,-0.007048,0.003574,0.013375,0.003952
Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS038__AD_700__C ov_37.61%,0.112685,0.140143,0.050911,0.010659,0.04 4624,0.00753,0.00188,0.001846,0.009817,0.014032,0. 006333,0.006145,-0.007433,-0.006193,0.0057,0.002519,0.003912,-0.00114,-0.005908,-0.003001,0.003369,0.00371,-0.007888,-0.000602,0.002036
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV021__AD_1000__Cov_34. 20%,0.117238,0.137096,0.044877,0.026809,0.035391,0 .003626,0.005405,0.005307,0.005727,0.008747,-0.009906,0.010491,-0.017245,-0.012937,0.008958,0.008486,-0.00326,-0.003421,0.004399,-0.005503,-0.000998,0.002226,0.003081,0.005904,-0.002155
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV038__AD_1000__Cov_22. 94%,0.1161,0.132019,0.063733,0.020995,0.047086,0.0 01952,0.01034,0.011999,0.000818,0.015126,0.011692, 0.014687,-0.007433,-0.003028,0.014251,-0.008088,-0.018906,0.005321,0.005656,0.002876,-0.017594,0.008532,0.003328,-0.001325,-0.00491
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV050__AD_1000__Cov_82. 29%,0.133173,0.139128,0.054305,0.027778,0.035699,0 .008646,0.011751,0.004615,0.007158,0.011116,0.0003 25,0.004046,-0.007136,-0.006331,0.010315,0.019623,0.011083,0.004687,0.001 131,0.006128,0.009608,0.006183,0.002958,0.008555,-0.000838
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV051__AD_1000__Cov_19. 65%,0.126344,0.140143,0.048649,0.028424,0.0397,0.0 15618,0.006345,0.005769,0.009204,0.016948,-0.003248,0.004796,-0.000297,-0.008395,0.015472,0.005304,-0.000782,0.011529,0.002388,0.003877,-0.004991,0.004081,0.002218,-0.000602,-0.000239
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV054__AD_1000__Cov_36. 59%,0.126344,0.139128,0.055814,0.030685,0.040623,0 .002789,-0.00282,-0.000923,0.003068,-0.005467,-0.003735,0.005695,-0.010406,-0.007019,0.014251,0.013657,0.003912,-0.003801,-0.006411,0.003502,0.002121,0.000989,-0.000493,0.011688,-0.003473
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV055__AD_1000__Cov_33. 70%,0.114961,0.140143,0.063733,0.038437,0.0437,0.0 19522,-0.00564,0.003923,0.01084,0.015126,0.000974,0.01228 9,-0.015163,-0.007844,0.020629,-0.001458,-0.011343,0.010008,0.004022,0.005753,0.00262,0.0002 47,-0.006655,0.007832,-0.007305
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV056__AD_1000__Cov_20. 74%,0.12862,0.152329,0.049403,0.024225,0.0437,0.01 3945,0.001645,-0.004615,0.008385,0.021322,-0.013803,0.002548,-0.013974,-0.002202,0.01045,-0.005038,-0.014994,0.004434,0.006285,-0.010755,-0.009982,-0.017435,-0.003081,0.016508,-0.013651
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV058__AD_1000__Cov_86. 63%,0.119514,0.139128,0.047894,0.029393,0.042469,0 .013945,0.000705,0.006923,0.013703,0.006925,0.0008 12,0.007943,-0.012042,-0.01156,0.01045,0.005038,-0.001956,-0.002534,-0.005531,0.007253,0.000624,0.000247,-0.003821,0.012652,-0.010897
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV065__AD_1000__Cov_11. 91%,0.110408,0.127957,0.056945,0.020026,0.042777,0 .007809,-0.001645,0.015461,0.006954,0.035354,-0.004872,-0.001199,-0.018285,-0.013487,0.007193,-0.001326,-0.003781,0.00228,0.009176,-0.003502,-0.011605,0.020279,-0.006532,0.010483,-0.006826
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV067__AD_1000__Cov_58. 03%,0.118376,0.13405,0.0445,0.02261,0.036314,0.009 761,0.00094,0.006692,0.004909,0.016401,-0.004547,0.005995,-0.00773,-0.013349,0.013843,0.018032,0.0103,-0.001647,-0.004399,-0.004752,0.010731,0.00272,0.000123,0.007591,0.0081 43
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV071__AD_1000__Cov_44. 98%,0.127482,0.136081,0.059585,0.04845,0.037545,0. 006414,0.007755,0.006923,0.005931,0.00656,0.001137 ,0.007943,-0.011596,-0.003028,0.011401,0.000928,-0.008475,0.001647,0.003771,0.009379,0.006738,0.003 462,0.008997,0.005904,0.000599
Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV072__AD_1000__Cov_12. 09%,0.121791,0.13405,0.058831,0.01938,0.030775,0.0 14781,0.015041,0.008538,0.014112,0.016219,-0.007632,0.017085,-0.003865,-0.013487,0.005836,0.005967,-0.01343,-0.011275,0.00817,0.003126,0.013975,0.005935,0.0065 32,0.002651,0.001317
Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK001A__AD_1200__ Cov_19.30%,0.127482,0.13405,0.076178,0.047158,0.04 5239,0.022869,-0.011281,0.01223,0.007567,0.004191,-0.011854,-0.005695,-0.014123,-0.01445,0.017779,0.005171,0.002347,-0.002407,0.004022,0.006503,0.004866,0.000742,0.001 232,0.002771,-0.007784
Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK002__AD_1412__C ov_64.02%,0.135449,0.138112,0.058831,0.041344,0.03 6007,0.018686,0.010575,0.011307,0.005727,0.001093,-0.008769,0.008992,-0.011744,-0.014038,0.02158,-0.000796,-0.006128,0.004054,0.011061,0.003001,0.009982,0.001 855,0.003944,0.000361,0.002754
Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK005__AD_1200__C ov_65.08%,0.125205,0.140143,0.062602,0.040052,0.04 3393,0.01255,0,0.004615,0.009817,0.002187,-0.013316,0.003147,-0.006541,-0.009909,0.017915,0.011535,0.007041,0.003801,0.002 137,0.000375,0.007487,0.012365,0.004067,0.008555,0 .006227
Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK006__AD_974__Co v_58.51%,0.122929,0.13405,0.052797,0.04199,0.03723 8,0.016176,0.002585,0.005077,0.003068,0.004556,-0.00747,-0.00045,-0.010258,-0.016515,0.015879,0.012331,0.012908,0.005448,0.003 142,0.01013,-0.001872,0.005317,0.008011,0.014098,-0.002036

Flashball
12-18-2024, 05:25 PM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cf0h6dMVZeo

celticdragongod
06-03-2025, 11:33 PM
Distance to: CDG_scaled
0.02627469 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV071__AD_1000__Cov_44. 98%
0.02670250 Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK002__AD_1412__C ov_64.02%
0.02757453 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS017__AD_619__C ov_99.72%
0.03011759 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS013__AD_700__C ov_24.04%
0.03211462 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS016__AD_684__C ov_30.61%
0.03271186 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS028__AD_674__C ov_97.33%
0.03280492 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS008C__AD_693__ Cov_76.77%
0.03509443 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS034__AD_700__C ov_84.81%
0.03525845 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS024__AD_669__C ov_14.36%
0.03632498 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS015__AD_743__C ov_30.15%
0.03752805 Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK001A__AD_1200__ Cov_19.30%
0.03761818 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV055__AD_1000__Cov_33. 70%
0.03815632 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS006__AD_702__C ov_99.27%
0.03863491 Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK006__AD_974__Co v_58.51%
0.03875400 Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK005__AD_1200__C ov_65.08%
0.03984377 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS007__AD_650__C ov_32.04%
0.04171931 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV058__AD_1000__Cov_86. 63%
0.04354854 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS011__AD_700__C ov_22.65%
0.04356481 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV054__AD_1000__Cov_36. 59%
0.04459058 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV051__AD_1000__Cov_19. 65%
0.04476465 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS002__AD_678__C ov_69.31%
0.04665134 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV021__AD_1000__Cov_34. 20%
0.04681004 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS001__AD_662__C ov_34.48%
0.04751831 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS003__AD_700__C ov_18.59%
0.04853244 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV050__AD_1000__Cov_82. 29%

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 1.7445% / 0.01744457
25.6 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV071__AD_1000__Cov_44. 98%
19.4 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS024__AD_669__C ov_14.36%
16.4 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS007__AD_650__C ov_32.04%
11.6 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS016__AD_684__C ov_30.61%
10.4 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS013__AD_700__C ov_24.04%
9.8 Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK002__AD_1412__C ov_64.02%
3.8 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS015__AD_743__C ov_30.15%
3.0 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV056__AD_1000__Cov_20. 74%

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 1.7445% / 0.01744457
61.6 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian
28.6 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval
9.8 Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval

Highwayman
06-03-2025, 11:42 PM
exploreyourdna_simulated_scaled
0.02151252 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS017__AD_619__C ov_99.72%
0.02164249 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS013__AD_700__C ov_24.04%
0.02181121 Belgium_Koksijde_LateMerovingian:KOS034__AD_700__C ov_84.81%
0.02286208 Belgium_Wulpen_HighLateMedieval:WPK002__AD_1412__C ov_64.02%
0.02290646 Belgium_Sint-Truiden_EarlyLateMedieval:OLV071__AD_1000__Cov_44. 98