Ajeje Brazorf
07-01-2024, 10:13 AM
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(20)31083-6
Syphilis is a globally re-emerging disease, which has marked European history with a devastating epidemic at the end of the 15th century. Together with non-venereal treponemal diseases, like bejel and yaws, which are found today in subtropical and tropical regions, it currently poses a substantial health threat worldwide. The origins and spread of treponemal diseases remain unresolved, including syphilis’ potential introduction into Europe from the Americas. Here, we present the first genetic data from archaeological human remains reflecting a high diversity of Treponema pallidum in early modern Europe. Our study demonstrates that a variety of strains related to both venereal syphilis and yaws-causing T. pallidum subspecies were already present in Northern Europe in the early modern period. We also discovered a previously unknown T. pallidum lineage recovered as a sister group to yaws- and bejel-causing lineages. These findings imply a more complex pattern of geographical distribution and etiology of early treponemal epidemics than previously understood.
Finland_Turku_EarlyModern:CHS119__AD_1540__Cov_21. 00%,0.132035,0.091398,0.077687,0.079458,0.042777,0 .032909,0.00423,0.010846,0.00634,-0.023326,0.008769,0.002997,0.007284,0.00867,-0.013843,-0.010475,-0.017732,0.010895,-0.001508,-0.00025,0.007612,-0.001607,0.008997,0.011809,0.007544
Finland_Porvoo_EarlyModern:PD28__AD_1727__Cov_21.2 6%,0.132035,0.108662,0.098806,0.073967,0.034776,0. 018407,0.017391,0.011538,0.005318,-0.026424,-0.003248,-0.005845,0.005798,0.00523,0.018729,-0.009281,-0.011343,0.014569,0.009804,-0.012756,0.006364,-0.004081,-0.00986,0.008555,-0.000838
Distance to: Finland_Turku_EarlyModern:CHS119__AD_1540__Cov_21. 00%
0.03162922 Finnish_Southwest:HG00320
0.03352486 Finnish_Southwest:HG00268
0.03537354 Lemminkäinen_scaled
0.03569213 Finnish_Southwest:HG00360
0.03607430 Finnish_Southwest:HG00274
0.03633545 Vepsian:vepsa19
0.03656541 Finnish_Southwest:HG00190
0.03659512 Karelian:karelia9
0.03693027 Finnish_Southwest:HG00277
0.03722990 Finnish_Central:HG00375
0.03727615 Finnish_Central:HG00384
0.03750540 Finnish_North:HG00288
0.03763122 Karelian:karelia6
0.03784406 Finnish_North:GS000018756
0.03789835 Finnish_North:HG00285
0.03863746 Karelian:KAR-030
0.03868025 Finnish_North:HG00367
0.03912339 Vepsian:vepsa55
0.03937340 Finnish_Central:HG00356
0.03987849 Finnish_Central:HG00372
0.03988499 Finnish_Southwest:HG00310
Distance to: Finland_Porvoo_EarlyModern:PD28__AD_1727__Cov_21.2 6%
0.03732473 Finnish_Southwest:HG00274
0.03819972 Finnish_Southwest:HG00310
0.04015689 Finnish_Southwest:HG00277
0.04039723 Finnish_Southwest:HG00190
0.04064453 Ukraine_Shestovitsa_VA:VK540__AD_1050__Cov_50.94%
0.04119131 Finnish_Southwest:HG00337
0.04177757 Finnish_Southwest:HG00268
0.04193102 Lemminkäinen_scaled
0.04233962 Ukraine_Viking.SG:VK539_noUDG.SG__AD_1050__Cov_72. 26%
0.04242144 Russia_Viking_o.SG:VK18_noUDG.SG__AD_1050__Cov_50. 10%
0.04268326 Russia_Viking.SG:VK224_noUDG.SG__AD_1000__Cov_13.9 8%
0.04277621 Finnish_Central:GS000016894
0.04283685 Sweden_Romback_IA:rtp003__AD_475__Cov_unknown
0.04318224 Estonia_EarlyViking.SG:VK504_noUDG.SG__AD_750__Cov _48.33%
0.04351356 Finnish_Central:HG00375
0.04369008 Finnish_Central:HG00372
0.04447761 Finnish_Central:HG00356
0.04459679 Finnish_Southwest:HG00360
0.04484863 Estonian:Est358
Syphilis is a globally re-emerging disease, which has marked European history with a devastating epidemic at the end of the 15th century. Together with non-venereal treponemal diseases, like bejel and yaws, which are found today in subtropical and tropical regions, it currently poses a substantial health threat worldwide. The origins and spread of treponemal diseases remain unresolved, including syphilis’ potential introduction into Europe from the Americas. Here, we present the first genetic data from archaeological human remains reflecting a high diversity of Treponema pallidum in early modern Europe. Our study demonstrates that a variety of strains related to both venereal syphilis and yaws-causing T. pallidum subspecies were already present in Northern Europe in the early modern period. We also discovered a previously unknown T. pallidum lineage recovered as a sister group to yaws- and bejel-causing lineages. These findings imply a more complex pattern of geographical distribution and etiology of early treponemal epidemics than previously understood.
Finland_Turku_EarlyModern:CHS119__AD_1540__Cov_21. 00%,0.132035,0.091398,0.077687,0.079458,0.042777,0 .032909,0.00423,0.010846,0.00634,-0.023326,0.008769,0.002997,0.007284,0.00867,-0.013843,-0.010475,-0.017732,0.010895,-0.001508,-0.00025,0.007612,-0.001607,0.008997,0.011809,0.007544
Finland_Porvoo_EarlyModern:PD28__AD_1727__Cov_21.2 6%,0.132035,0.108662,0.098806,0.073967,0.034776,0. 018407,0.017391,0.011538,0.005318,-0.026424,-0.003248,-0.005845,0.005798,0.00523,0.018729,-0.009281,-0.011343,0.014569,0.009804,-0.012756,0.006364,-0.004081,-0.00986,0.008555,-0.000838
Distance to: Finland_Turku_EarlyModern:CHS119__AD_1540__Cov_21. 00%
0.03162922 Finnish_Southwest:HG00320
0.03352486 Finnish_Southwest:HG00268
0.03537354 Lemminkäinen_scaled
0.03569213 Finnish_Southwest:HG00360
0.03607430 Finnish_Southwest:HG00274
0.03633545 Vepsian:vepsa19
0.03656541 Finnish_Southwest:HG00190
0.03659512 Karelian:karelia9
0.03693027 Finnish_Southwest:HG00277
0.03722990 Finnish_Central:HG00375
0.03727615 Finnish_Central:HG00384
0.03750540 Finnish_North:HG00288
0.03763122 Karelian:karelia6
0.03784406 Finnish_North:GS000018756
0.03789835 Finnish_North:HG00285
0.03863746 Karelian:KAR-030
0.03868025 Finnish_North:HG00367
0.03912339 Vepsian:vepsa55
0.03937340 Finnish_Central:HG00356
0.03987849 Finnish_Central:HG00372
0.03988499 Finnish_Southwest:HG00310
Distance to: Finland_Porvoo_EarlyModern:PD28__AD_1727__Cov_21.2 6%
0.03732473 Finnish_Southwest:HG00274
0.03819972 Finnish_Southwest:HG00310
0.04015689 Finnish_Southwest:HG00277
0.04039723 Finnish_Southwest:HG00190
0.04064453 Ukraine_Shestovitsa_VA:VK540__AD_1050__Cov_50.94%
0.04119131 Finnish_Southwest:HG00337
0.04177757 Finnish_Southwest:HG00268
0.04193102 Lemminkäinen_scaled
0.04233962 Ukraine_Viking.SG:VK539_noUDG.SG__AD_1050__Cov_72. 26%
0.04242144 Russia_Viking_o.SG:VK18_noUDG.SG__AD_1050__Cov_50. 10%
0.04268326 Russia_Viking.SG:VK224_noUDG.SG__AD_1000__Cov_13.9 8%
0.04277621 Finnish_Central:GS000016894
0.04283685 Sweden_Romback_IA:rtp003__AD_475__Cov_unknown
0.04318224 Estonia_EarlyViking.SG:VK504_noUDG.SG__AD_750__Cov _48.33%
0.04351356 Finnish_Central:HG00375
0.04369008 Finnish_Central:HG00372
0.04447761 Finnish_Central:HG00356
0.04459679 Finnish_Southwest:HG00360
0.04484863 Estonian:Est358