In search of pre-Christian Slavs 0-600AD [Archive] - The Apricity Forum: A European Cultural Community

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cass

01-10-2025, 12:36 AM

For verification, I used a set of all samples from the period from Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia and Romania. I intentionally omitted the para-Slavic samples from the Balkans, so as not to distort the results from the Slavic core. Such a set should be sufficient to properly illustrate the profile of the first certain sample, i.e.

Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%,0.1354 49,0.128972,0.080704,0.063954,0.034776,0.034025,0. 006815,0.007615,0.009613,-0.02041,-0.001461,-0.005245,0.010852,0.026561,-0.014658,-0.002254,0.002347,0.001267,0.01081,-0.001751,0.001622,-0.002844,0.009613,-0.008314,0.005389

as well as the set proposed by Peterski
Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62),0.127812,0.124484,0. 073964,0.06671,0.041457,0.026225,0.008911,0.012253 ,-0.001316,-0.024234,-0.002399,-0.010099,0.01606,0.022987,-0.009555,0.000252,0.0042,-0.00076,0.003363,0.000347,-0.003053,-0.004037,0.007041,-0.005177,0.00125

samples>

https://drive.google.com/file/d/13qgAOvh-pjlWT8LYfY-6pWl--65A6PuK/view?usp=sharing

It is worth paying attention to the distances. The Slavic population of this period clearly separates itself from the Balts from Lithuania and correlates either with the Goths (possibly already partially Slavic) or with samples from Ingria.

Distance to: Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%
0.03627774 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%
0.05506403 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1_noUDG.SG__AD_137__ Cov_15.65%
0.05624036 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.05736433 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VII15_1_noUDG.SG__AD_39__C ov_15.38%
0.05908194 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.05926732 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.06185453 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.06224122 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.06273147 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.06357809 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.06357894 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.06364441 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10832.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 45.08%
0.06368394 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.06418419 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%
0.06427266 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.06432528 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10836.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 46.97%
0.06502430 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG:R10840.SG__AD _369__Cov_50.09%
0.06514042 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.06517260 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0065__AD_200__Cov_11.62%
0.06592740 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0060__AD_200__Cov_71.91%
0.06614757 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0049__AD_200__Cov_12.24%
0.06633207 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0102__AD_300__Cov_14.17%
0.06687800 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0478__AD_200__Cov_21. 77%
0.06701878 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0028__AD_200__Cov_39.89%
0.06743288 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10838.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 53.83%

Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.03304446 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%
0.04633324 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1_noUDG.SG__AD_137__ Cov_15.65%
0.04980320 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VII15_1_noUDG.SG__AD_39__C ov_15.38%
0.05195800 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.05501243 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.05722319 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.05750299 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.05819891 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%
0.05872458 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.05877604 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.05879254 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.05953868 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10832.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 45.08%
0.05972515 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10836.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 46.97%
0.05974968 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG:R10840.SG__AD _369__Cov_50.09%
0.05983609 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0065__AD_200__Cov_11.62%
0.06041474 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.06043567 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.06073516 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10838.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 53.83%
0.06090554 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0060__AD_200__Cov_71.91%
0.06115065 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.06236242 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.06280094 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0049__AD_200__Cov_12.24%
0.06284896 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.06305836 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0028__AD_200__Cov_39.89%
0.06355557 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10620.SG_ _AD_9__Cov_40.52%

Target: Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%
Distance: 1.7876% / 0.01787583
22.4 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
20.2 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
19.2 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
14.6 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
10.6 Poland_Maslomecz_IA
8.6 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG
2.0 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
1.2 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA
1.2 Russia_Uelen_OldBeringSea

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 0.2604% / 0.00260354
32.4 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
14.0 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
13.2 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
9.6 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
7.8 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
6.4 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
5.6 Lithuania_Late_Antiquity_low_res
5.0 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
3.6 Russia_VolgaOka_IA
1.8 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
0.6 Poland_Maslomecz_IA

Target: Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%
Distance: 1.8802% / 0.01880219 | ADC: 0.25x RC
26.6 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
18.2 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
16.8 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
12.6 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
11.0 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
7.6 Poland_Maslomecz_IA
3.2 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
2.8 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG
1.2 Russia_Uelen_OldBeringSea

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 0.5593% / 0.00559326 | ADC: 0.25x RC
37.4 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
19.6 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
18.6 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
15.4 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
4.4 Slovakia_Poprad.SG
3.6 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope
1.0 Poland_Kowalewko_IA

Target: Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%
Distance: 2.1678% / 0.02167784 | ADC: 0.5x RC
38.6 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
17.6 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
15.8 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG
11.2 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
8.6 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
5.8 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope
2.4 Poland_Maslomecz_IA

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 1.1660% / 0.01166022 | ADC: 0.5x RC
41.4 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
25.2 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope
17.4 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
9.6 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
4.2 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
2.2 Poland_Kowalewko_IA

Although we do not yet have data from Belarus or cremation burials from Przeworsk, we can risk a thesis that, apart from the Balts (45-50%), the main influence on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs was the Gothic population from Poland and Ukraine and probably ethnically uncertain LaTene population from Slovakia.

Below are the results without outlier from Masłomęcz and migrant Germans from Slovakia

Target: Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%
Distance: 2.1646% / 0.02164575 | ADC: 0.5x RC
35.2 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
24.8 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
16.6 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
14.6 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG
8.8 Poland_Maslomecz_IA

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 1.6285% / 0.01628537 | ADC: 0.5x RC
49.2 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA
30.6 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
15.4 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
4.8 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG

gixajo

01-10-2025, 12:52 AM

Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.01454511 Ukrainian_Chernihiv:EG600055
0.01492330 Belarusian:Belarusian5
0.01567619 Ukrainian_Rivne:EG600039
0.01605368 Lithuanian_PA:LTG-804
0.01606148 Ukrainian_Chernihiv:EG600060
0.01721649 Russian_Smolensk:Rsm-179
0.01727286 Ukrainian_Zakarpattia:EG600088
0.01738917 Ukrainian_Chernihiv:EG600057
0.01749581 Russian_Smolensk:RUS_Smol303
0.01804637 Russian_Voronez:russianVoron101
0.01816997 Lithuanian_VA:LTG-483
0.01820693 Belarusian:Belarusian1
0.01859565 Ukrainian_Rivne:EG600040
0.01893361 Moldovan_o:Moldovan_V44175
0.01896688 Russian_Smolensk:RUS_Smol304
0.01910196 Belarusian:Belarusian8
0.01920464 Ukrainian_Zhytomyr:EG600028
0.01941458 Ukrainian_Lviv:EG600063
0.01949000 Belarusian:Belarusian11
0.01973138 Russian_Ryazan:Rrzm-08
0.02003007 Lithuanian_VA:LTG-598
0.02080616 Cossack_Ukrainian:GS000035238
0.02086044 Belarusian:Belarusian4
0.02087848 Russian_Orel:RussianOrjol45
0.02089053 Russian_Voronez:RussianVoron107

Distance to: Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%
0.02319381 Belarusian:Belarusian5
0.02431879 Belarusian:Belarusian11
0.02729023 Lithuanian_PA:LTG-804
0.02807130 Lithuanian_PA:LTG-1352
0.02809303 Russian_Smolensk:RUS_Smol303
0.02840085 Ukrainian_Zakarpattia:EG600088
0.02861927 Ukrainian_Sumy:EG600077
0.02885971 German_Erlangen:GSM1658619
0.02894500 Polish:Polish37
0.02915042 Lithuanian_PA:LTG-173
0.02922248 Cossack_Ukrainian:GS000035238
0.02950737 Russian_Orel:russianOrjol89
0.02963914 Ukrainian_Chernihiv:EG600055
0.02966065 Russian_Smolensk:RUS_Smol339
0.02982568 Russian_Smolensk:RUS_Smol304
0.02999347 Russian_Smolensk:Rsm-103
0.03008026 Russian_Smolensk:Rsm-109
0.03018478 Ukrainian_Rivne:EG600042
0.03035269 Ukrainian_Chernihiv:EG600060
0.03040212 Russian_Orel:russianOrjol100
0.03042087 Russian_Smolensk:RUS_Smol312
0.03054362 Belarusian:Belarusian12
0.03058321 Russian_Orel:Rorl-155
0.03059110 Lithuanian_PA:LTG-788
0.03063486 Belarusian:Belarusian1

Peterski

01-10-2025, 12:56 AM

gixajo

01-10-2025, 12:57 AM

cass

01-10-2025, 01:01 AM

Peterski

01-10-2025, 01:06 AM

Which would mean that the Chernyakhov Culture was significantly Slavic.

There is not a single Slavic-like sample from Chernyakhov Culture so far:

Distance to: Shyshaky_Southern_350_AD_Cov>30%N=2
0.02040230 Italian_Tuscany
0.02241783 Italian_Emilia
0.02261416 Greek_Thessaly
0.02336516 Italian_Marche
0.02579455 Italian_Piedmont

Distance to: UKR049__AD_253__Cov_36.70%
0.03449218 Greek_Crete_Heraklion
0.04105963 Greek_Crete
0.04179387 Turkish_Crete
0.04283499 Greek_Dodecanese
0.04340869 Greek_Dodecanese_Rhodes

Distance to: UKR102__AD_350__Cov_55.35%
0.02889100 Rumelia_East
0.02952530 Pomak_Tikves_Plain
0.03088266 Greek_Central_Macedonia
0.03156844 Torbeši_Polog
0.03173813 Albanian

Distance to: UKR047__AD_350__Cov_14.11%
0.04249249 Greek_Messenia
0.04257617 Greek_Arcadia
0.04279162 Greek_Elis
0.04311949 Torbeši_Polog
0.04331787 Greek_Corinthia

Distance to: UKR045__AD_350__Cov_32.43%
0.04206081 Rumelia_East
0.04355392 Greek_Thessaly
0.04355951 Pomak_Almopia_Plain
0.04475601 Swiss_Italian
0.04479711 Italian_Tuscany

==========

We also have unmixed Goths there:

Distance to: Goths_Shyshaky_290_AD_Cov>25%N=3
0.02051477 Swedish
0.02197907 German_Hamburg
0.02403112 Danish
0.02525099 Norwegian
0.02690122 Dutch

gixajo

01-10-2025, 01:08 AM

T

We also have unmixed Goths there:

Distance to: Goths_Shyshaky_290_AD_Cov>25%N=3
0.02051477 Swedish
0.02197907 German_Hamburg
0.02403112 Danish
0.02525099 Norwegian
0.02690122 Dutch

Is this one new? It´s more interesting for Spaniards.

cass

01-10-2025, 01:10 AM

There is not a single Slavic-like sample from Chernyakhov Culture so far:

What do you think the close distances to the Goths from Polish mean?

Peterski

01-10-2025, 01:17 AM

What do you think the close distances to the Goths from Polish mean?

They are not close, except PCA0103 which according to Davidski was a Balt-Goth mixed individual.

cass

01-10-2025, 01:28 AM

They are not close, except PCA0103 which according to Davidski was a Balt-Goth mixed individual.

However, they are significantly closer than to Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.

Distance to: Latvian
0.03020965 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG:R10840.SG__AD _369__Cov_50.09%
0.03162072 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10838.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 53.83%
0.03418864 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10832.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 45.08%
0.03459888 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VII15_1_noUDG.SG__AD_39__C ov_15.38%
0.03515972 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10836.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 46.97%
0.04316722 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10830.SG__AD_438__Cov_ 52.63%
0.04479631 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1_noUDG.SG__AD_137__ Cov_15.65%
0.05150332 Lithuania_Late_Antiquity_low_res:DA171__AD_350__Co v_9.77%
0.05950271 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII5_2_noUDG.SG__AD_187__ Cov_23.69%
0.06968145 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.07008948 Russia_VolgaOka_IA:BOL006__AD_192__Cov_70.04%
0.07491465 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.07621716 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.07719038 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%
0.07841217 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.07965175 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.07985027 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.08002591 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0050__AD_200__Cov_12.34%
0.08066477 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10625.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_55.73%
0.08082058 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0060__AD_200__Cov_71.91%
0.08103794 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0028__AD_200__Cov_39.89%
0.08111317 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.08111876 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.08120848 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0065__AD_200__Cov_11.62%
0.08166937 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0056__AD_200__Cov_11.37%

Distance to: Lithuanian_VZ
0.04015636 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10836.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 46.97%
0.04015769 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG:R10840.SG__AD _369__Cov_50.09%
0.04119978 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1_noUDG.SG__AD_137__ Cov_15.65%
0.04166163 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10832.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 45.08%
0.04231091 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VII15_1_noUDG.SG__AD_39__C ov_15.38%
0.04334898 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10838.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 53.83%
0.04828163 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10830.SG__AD_438__Cov_ 52.63%
0.05733839 Lithuania_Late_Antiquity_low_res:DA171__AD_350__Co v_9.77%
0.06292585 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.06387102 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII5_2_noUDG.SG__AD_187__ Cov_23.69%
0.06801400 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.06963718 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.07178005 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.07195559 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.07238366 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%
0.07279782 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.07289648 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0065__AD_200__Cov_11.62%
0.07295405 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.07298016 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.07360227 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0050__AD_200__Cov_12.34%
0.07431710 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0056__AD_200__Cov_11.37%
0.07494262 Russia_VolgaOka_IA:BOL006__AD_192__Cov_70.04%
0.07551351 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0028__AD_200__Cov_39.89%
0.07561827 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0478__AD_200__Cov_21. 77%
0.07604585 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0049__AD_200__Cov_12.24%

Peterski

01-10-2025, 01:34 AM

Slavs are about as close to Marvele as to Goths, but are far away from both groups.

Distances such as 0.05 or 0.06 are not close. Close would be 0.02.

cass

01-10-2025, 01:42 AM

Slavs are about as close to Marvele as to Goths, but are far away from both groups.

Distances such as 0.05 or 0.06 are not close. Close would be 0.02.

Probably, given the importance of drift. This may mean that the differentiation between the Slavs and the Balts was very early. And the Scythian Paraslavs are not a coincidence.

cass

01-10-2025, 10:23 AM

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 0.1369% / 0.00136919 | R3P | ADC: 0.25x RC
35.4 Belarusian
34.0 Polish
30.6 Russian_Pskov

Target: Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%
Distance: 1.3618% / 0.01361849 | R3P | ADC: 0.25x RC
44.0 Russian_Smolensk
40.8 Latvian
15.2 Basque_Roncal <<<< Could point to Balkan pre-slavic signature so this individual was already mixed?

An interesting thesis, but in my opinion wrong. This is surplus GAC.

Target: Szolad_AV2__AD_602__Cov_68.94%
Distance: 1.9921% / 0.01992089 | ADC: 0.25x RC
42.8 Lithuanian_PA
42.0 Belarusian
6.0 Poland_Southeast_CordedWare.SG
3.2 Poland_GlobularAmphora
3.0 Poland_Koszyce_GlobularAmphora.SG
2.2 Poland_BKG_o1.SG
0.8 Wichi

Target: Szolad_AV2__AD_602__Cov_68.94%
Distance: 1.7979% / 0.01797884 | ADC: 0.25x RC
67.0 Belarusian
15.6 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA
6.0 Poland_Trzciniec_EBA
4.8 Poland_BKG.SG
3.8 Poland_Iwno_EBA
2.4 Poland_Mierzanowice_EBA
0.4 Poland_Maslomecz_IA

cass

01-10-2025, 11:11 AM

Herodotus, The Histories (English) (XML Header) [word count] [lemma count] [Hdt.].
<<Hdt. 4.101.3 Hdt. 4.108.2 (Greek) >>Hdt. 4.114.2

4.105.1The Neuri follow Scythian customs; but one generation before the advent of Darius' army, they happened to be driven from their country by snakes; for their land produced great numbers of these, and still more came down on them out of the desolation on the north, until at last the Neuri were so afflicted that they left their own country and lived among the Budini. It may be that these people are wizards; 4.105.2for the Scythians, and the Greeks settled in Scythia, say that once a year every one of the Neuri becomes a wolf for a few days and changes back again to his former shape. Those who tell this tale do not convince me; but they tell it nonetheless, and swear to its truth.
https://anastrophe.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/perseus/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekNov21&query=Hdt.%204.108.2&getid=1

Since Darius the Great was born in 550BC, it would mean that around that year the Slavs moved to the settlements of the related Balts. But it was already a population that had long been diversified from the Balts. Historians speculate that this migration may have been caused by the destruction of the Lusatian Culture by the Scythians themselves.

Hopefully, the Lusatian samples will bring us more answers.

Feiichy

01-10-2025, 11:16 AM

Target: Hungary_Avar_Szolad:Av2__AD_602__Cov_68.59%
Distance: 1.3618% / 0.01361849 | R3P | ADC: 0.25x RC
44.0 Russian_Smolensk
40.8 Latvian
15.2 Basque_Roncal <<<< Could point to Balkan pre-slavic signature so this individual was already mixed?

No, because Russian Smolensk and Latvian are more northern than early Slavs. It's just modeling.

cass

01-10-2025, 11:33 AM

No, because Russian Smolensk and Latvian are more northern than early Slavs. It's just modeling.

I recommend Vyazov's lecture. He suggests that genetically the Slavs were a very northern population.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGmSY_Ie0Sc&t=1538s

https://i.ibb.co/cF6WZq6/Zrzut-ekranu-10-1-2025-12383-www-youtube-com.jpg (https://ibb.co/r6xBz9x)

Feiichy

01-10-2025, 11:38 AM

I recommend Vyazov's lecture. He suggests that genetically the Slavs were a very northern population.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGmSY_Ie0Sc&t=1538s

thanks for link, will check and agree

Av2 clusters with Belarusians tho, it's not southern at all

cass

01-10-2025, 11:49 AM

thanks for link, will check and agree

Av2 clusters with Belarusians tho, it's not southern at all

Much further north than we suspect. This would confirm why the CW close to us is the Estonian one.
>
https://i.ibb.co/Lh9QDmr/Zrzut-ekranu-10-1-2025-124739-www-youtube-com.jpg (https://ibb.co/jZ3V9mz)
For now, I accept Ingria's thesis as equivalent to Trzciniec.

By the way, he repeats the thesis about the very early differentiation of the Balto-Slavs.
https://i.ibb.co/1ZRWkWj/Zrzut-ekranu-10-1-2025-124545-www-youtube-com.jpg (https://ibb.co/mJhW3Wg)

Nurzat

01-10-2025, 11:56 AM

I ran dad, maternal grandma and myself each in full and in reduced to 5 populations.
so, north and northeast Romanians.

reduced to 5 pops:

Target: Nurzat_dad
Distance: 1.5643% / 0.01564260 | R5P
37.4 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
29.6 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
17.8 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG
12.8 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
2.4 Russia_Buryatia_Xiongnu

Target: Nurzat
Distance: 1.4034% / 0.01403439 | R5P
27.4 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
26.4 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
21.6 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
13.8 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
10.8 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG

Target: Nurzat_maternal_grandma
Distance: 1.6589% / 0.01658852 | R5P
25.4 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
20.8 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
20.2 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
17.8 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
15.8 Lithuania_Late_Antiquity_low_res

-------------------------------------------------------------

full:

Target: Nurzat_dad
Distance: 1.4808% / 0.01480795
26.4 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
22.2 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
12.2 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
11.2 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
8.8 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
7.4 Slovakia_Poprad.SG
6.8 Russia_LateSarmatian.SG
2.4 Ukraine_Chernivtsi_Chernyakhiv_3_IA
1.6 Russia_Buryatia_Xiongnu
1.0 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG

Target: Nurzat
Distance: 1.3358% / 0.01335830
24.6 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
20.0 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
12.4 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
10.2 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
8.8 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
8.8 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
6.8 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
4.0 Russia_Urals_Sarmatian
4.0 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
0.4 Russia_Buryatia_Xiongnu

Target: Nurzat_maternal_grandma
Distance: 1.5734% / 0.01573425
21.8 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
20.0 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
13.0 Lithuania_Late_Antiquity_low_res
10.8 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
9.0 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
7.8 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG
4.8 Russia_VolgaOka_IA
4.6 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
4.4 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
3.8 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G

extra (south Romania friend):

Target: Gorj_county_friend
Distance: 1.4155% / 0.01415506 | R5P
37.2 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
26.0 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
19.8 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
14.6 Ukraine_Chernivtsi_Chernyakhiv_3_IA
2.4 Russia_Uelen_OldBeringSea

Target: Gorj_county_friend
Distance: 1.3643% / 0.01364280
36.6 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
22.8 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
19.0 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
13.6 Ukraine_Chernivtsi_Chernyakhiv_3_IA
5.4 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
1.4 Russia_Buryatia_Xiongnu
1.2 Russia_Uelen_OldBeringSea

Russki

01-10-2025, 12:08 PM

I recommend Vyazov's lecture. He suggests that genetically the Slavs were a very northern population.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGmSY_Ie0Sc&t=1538s

https://i.ibb.co/cF6WZq6/Zrzut-ekranu-10-1-2025-12383-www-youtube-com.jpg (https://ibb.co/r6xBz9x)

Ethnic Baltic (low EEF) ancestry in Belarus is a staple. The only way to make Vyazov's suggestion functional is to prove that Belarus received a high EEF ancestry to compensate for the low EEF Baltic one.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3681942/

N1c(Tat) along with its much less frequent sister group N1b(P43) (previously N2), detected in Belarusians indicate an ancient patrilineal gene flow from the north Eurasia westward, yet in the context of studied here populations is best explained by partially shared Y-chromosomal ancestry of Belarusians and their northern neighbors, Lithuanians and Latvians, among whom N1c(Tat) reaches frequencies above 40% [20], [21], [26], [58].

Certain NRY haplogroups show gradient-like patterns in their frequency distribution in Belarus. For example, haplogroup I2a(P37) makes up a quarter of the Y-chromosome pool in the south regions (West and East Polesie), but decreases northward, in agreement with the earlier observed south-west – north-east spread of this haplogroup [57]. Contrary to that, haplogroup N1c(Tat) shows the highest frequency (around 15%) in north-west Belarus and is decreasing southward, as it could be expected, bearing in mind that among Lithuanians N1c(Tat) comprises close to a half of their Y-chromosomes [21].

https://sun9-39.userapi.com/impg/5E12LdjUxwAYXxhvvH-WJyotTbFaCsCmVeqzWg/uhkBfewCOQs.jpg?size=1596x742&quality=95&sign=1f26ce43071699a99c20fba8d6f9bcd7&type=album

cass

01-10-2025, 12:14 PM

Ethnic Baltic (low EEF) ancestry in Belarus is a staple. The only way to make Vyazov's suggestion functional is to prove that Belarus received a high EEF ancestry to compensate for the low EEF Baltic one.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3681942/

Alternatively, there is a possibility that there were different populations that met again in Belarus. As Herodotus suggested.
This could confirm the linguists' time sequence.

cass

01-10-2025, 12:39 PM

Ingria's theory is tempting but there was not enough EEF potential.

https://i.ibb.co/jhtbXC4/Zrzut-ekranu-10-1-2025-133714-vahaduo-github-io.jpg (https://ibb.co/nrp6JXk)

cass

01-10-2025, 01:06 PM

This model has the best distance and it has very little of Gothic influence (Mikusovce and Tesarske Mlynany are not Germanic samples, they are quite "Southern"):

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 0.5593% / 0.00559326 | ADC: 0.25x RC
37.4 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
19.6 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
18.6 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
15.4 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
4.4 Slovakia_Poprad.SG
3.6 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope
1.0 Poland_Kowalewko_IA

These samples that correlate with Slavs do not look like Dacians.

Target: Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2209.SG__AD_400__Cov_67.48%
Distance: 1.4423% / 0.01442302
25.4 Finnish_Southeast
24.0 Slovakian
16.2 Spanish_Soria
10.8 Albanian
5.6 Mirpuri_Pakistan
4.8 Abkhasian_Gudauta
4.2 Turkish_Lesbos
3.0 Han_Shanghai
2.4 Assyrian_o
1.6 Even
1.2 Todzin
0.6 Papuan_Highland_A
0.2 Xibo

Target: Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
Distance: 1.7232% / 0.01723200
25.0 Swiss_German
20.8 Norwegian
15.8 Slovakian
12.8 English_Cornwall
7.0 Lithuanian_PA
6.2 Turkish_West_Macedonia
5.8 Akhvakh
3.8 Russian_Pinezhsky
1.4 Kusunda
0.6 Karitiana
0.4 Tamang
0.2 Ket
0.2 Yoruba

Target: Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
Distance: 1.4205% / 0.01420492
27.8 Swiss_German
14.2 Polish_Kashubian
14.0 Lithuanian_SZ
11.0 English
10.8 Norwegian
7.0 Slovakian
6.2 Danish
3.8 Yemenite_Jew
2.4 Akhvakh
1.6 Mari
0.6 Papuan_Highland_A
0.4 Ethiopian_Jew
0.2 Sudan_Nuba_Koalib

https://i.ibb.co/W3TRfzx/Zrzut-ekranu-10-1-2025-14719-vahaduo-github-io.jpg (https://ibb.co/VNKkTCj)

Tesarske Mlynany in particular is not "southern"

cass

01-10-2025, 01:59 PM

Peterski

01-10-2025, 02:06 PM

My conclusion at this point is that the theory of the separation of the Slavs at the beginning of our era is difficult to prove. The distances to Lithuanian and Gothic samples, plus from Slovakia or Czernichov, are too large. Additionally, the Czernichov and Slovak samples may contain a Slavic admixture and the correlation may be misleading. The area of Belarus is still the main search area, but I would not rule out other neighboring areas in cremation rites. Ingria's theories should be rejected for the reasons stated above. I suggest going back deeper into history.

Belarus was inhabited by Balts, not Slavs.

Leonid Vyazov has one sample from Milograd Culture and according to him it doesn't share IBD with Slavic samples:

https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1Q6C5VJuoLW_7-ZNTONw2g-yqaAynJXA&usp=sharing

"Jastrabka Hillfort, according to Leonid Vyazov this sample shares IBD with Baltic BA but not with Slavs"

I suggest going back deeper into history.

I agree, Slavs probably separated already before 1 AD.

ScandinavianCelt

01-10-2025, 02:55 PM

cass

01-10-2025, 03:01 PM

Have you looked at any ancient samples in The Weklice community that could be heavily Slavic? At least more than the others? I'd be willing to put money down that those Germanic male bloodlines we're scooping up the good looking women from the East and taking them back home to mommy. Also I would check early Vikings in the east of the Baltic area maybe gotland first I don't know I think the Estonian Vikings came just a little bit later or maybe in the final phase really if you will but there's probably a lot of balto Slavic admixture that you could research the origins of those people you might find some interesting Roots I don't know just trying to help and my score on your samples was 1% so I don't know which ones are Slavic in my results should I show you I can message you or post them if you want

Is there any way to run some Slavic samples on the calculator with DNA Genics call the mdlp ancient Roots k 18 I believe is the name of it I wonder if there's any way to run that calculator on some Slavic samples I'm interested to see their background

I think based on my own research I could have anywhere from 7% to 30% Slavic in modern periods I'm guessing because half of my Slavic results from illustrative dna.com show balto Slavic and the other half is the Keivan Rus-- I think I saw that result on a 75% Slavic result overall during the Middle ages when I click on the East and then the Tatar and Crimea I think it's called

Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%,0.129758,0.129988,0.076933,0.073321,0.04 1238,0.020638,0.00846,0.014307,0.007772,-0.019864,-0.001786,-0.003897,0.010852,0.017478,-0.006107,-0.010209,-0.014994,-0.008108,0.005782,0.007629,0.003743,0.002102,0.002 342,-0.010604,-0.00455

Distance to: Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%
0.03023003 Russian_Smolensk
0.03047758 Polish_Kashubian
0.03135900 Belarusian
0.03236467 Polish
0.03280516 Russian_Kaluga
0.03295903 Russian_Voronez
0.03314033 Ukrainian_Sumy
0.03443978 Ukrainian_Rivne
0.03544528 Russian_Orel
0.03581487 Russian_Kursk
0.03589763 Russian_Pskov
0.03622745 Ukrainian_Zhytomyr
0.03694947 Ukrainian_Chernihiv
0.03757296 Lithuanian_PA
0.03796236 Cossack_Ukrainian
0.03859028 Lithuanian_VA
0.03902670 Lithuanian_VZ
0.03911610 Estonian
0.03926013 Ukrainian_Dnipro
0.03946685 Russian_Belgorod
0.03959800 Ukrainian_Lviv
0.04148783 Sorb_Niederlausitz
0.04211959 Russian_Ryazan
0.04288227 Lithuanian_PZ
0.04345631 Russian_Yaroslavl

I would rather expect migration during the Viking era.
https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-024-08275-2/MediaObjects/41586_2024_8275_Fig4_HTML.png

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08275-2

Peterski

01-10-2025, 03:14 PM

ScandinavianCelt

01-10-2025, 03:38 PM

All Gotland Viking Age against a mini-calc I made: some very Slavic ones in Gotland in the 2nd half of the list:

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Norse_Pr ofile)
Distance: 0.0273% / 0.02725368
32.4 German_Hamburg:GSM1031512
18.6 German:German15
18.0 German:German16
9.1 Finnish_Southeast:HG00318
8.1 German_Hamburg:GSM1031548
7.9 German_Hamburg:GSM1031510
4.6 Finnish_Southeast:HG00345
1.3 German:German67

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Mixed_No rse-Insular_Celtic_Profile)
Distance: 0.0161% / 0.01612548
43.4 German_Hamburg:GSM1031512
14.9 German:German74
11.7 German:German68
9.3 German:German52
9.1 German:German31
4.9 German:German27
2.3 German:German35
2.0 German:German15
2.0 German:German26
0.4 Swiss_German:Swiss_German7

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Mixed_No rse-Balto-Slavic_Profile)
Distance: 0.0139% / 0.01392688
20.2 Belarusian:Belarusian2
19.0 German:German59
12.4 German_Hamburg:GSM1031514
10.6 German_East:German_East5
8.7 German:German35
8.1 German:German63
5.9 Polish:Polish2
5.4 German_Hamburg:GSM1031524
3.5 Finnish_East:HG00269
3.3 German:German46
2.4 Polish_Kashubian:Kashubian4
0.3 Polish:Polish40
0.2 Polish:Polish1

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Insular_ Celtic_Profile)
Distance: 0.0222% / 0.02224798
23.0 German:German68
21.9 German:German59
19.8 German_Hamburg:GSM1031512
18.4 German:German35
12.3 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR122__AD_350__C ov_30.44%
2.8 German_Hamburg:GSM1031548
0.9 German:German15
0.5 German:German33
0.4 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR129__AD_323__C ov_25.86%

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Finnic_P rofile)
Distance: 0.0163% / 0.01631792
41.8 Russian_Pinezhsky:RPin-114
23.1 Russian_Pinezhsky:RPin-151
21.9 Russian_Pinezhsky:RPin-145
4.8 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR122__AD_350__C ov_30.44%
4.1 German:German35
3.4 Finnish_Southeast:HG00345
0.9 Swiss_German:Swiss_German2

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Continen tal_Northern_Euro_Profile)
Distance: 0.0088% / 0.00878752
17.0 German:German59
15.4 German:GRC10044052_German16
11.8 German:German35
11.6 German_Hamburg:GSM1031512
10.7 German:German24
9.7 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR129__AD_323__C ov_25.86%
7.2 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
7.0 German:German6
4.5 German_Hamburg:GSM1031524
3.9 German:German68
0.8 German_Hamburg:GSM1031510
0.4 Finnish_East:HG00358

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Central_ Euro_Slavic_Profile)
Distance: 0.0065% / 0.00654042
24.8 Ukrainian_Rivne:EG600037
18.6 German_Hamburg:GSM1031514
11.6 Polish:Polish7
8.1 Polish_Kashubian:Kashubian2
6.6 German:German24
4.6 German:German49
4.1 Polish_Silesian:Silesian1
3.7 Polish:Polish9
3.6 German:German79
3.3 Polish:Polish12
2.9 Belarusian:Belarusian6
2.8 Ukrainian_Rivne:EG600044
2.5 German:German33
2.3 German:German19
0.5 German:German29

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Balto-Slavic_Profile)
Distance: 0.0224% / 0.02237157
20.6 Polish:Polish27
18.8 Ukrainian_Rivne:EG600044
18.3 German_Erlangen:GSM1658664
14.4 Polish:Polish23
12.6 Ukrainian_Zhytomyr:EG600075
8.5 Ukrainian_Rivne:EG600040
6.8 Belarusian:Belarusian14

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Baltic_P rofile)
Distance: 0.0326% / 0.03262139
54.1 Belarusian:Belarusian12
18.7 Ukrainian_Dnipro:EG600067
16.0 Belarusian:Belarusian14
6.0 Russian_Pinezhsky:RPin-151
4.0 Belarusian:Belarusian15
1.2 Belarusian:Belarusian2

Target: Sweden_Early_Medieval_Viking_Age_Gotland_(Baltic_B A_Profile)
Distance: 0.0533% / 0.05328329
52.9 Belarusian:Belarusian14
23.2 Belarusian:Belarusian15
16.0 Belarusian:Belarusian12
7.9 Russian_Pinezhsky:RPin-151

cass

01-10-2025, 03:57 PM

cass

01-10-2025, 05:33 PM

One of several very good models I came up with for Polish Medieval samples is this one:

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 0.8541% / 0.00854104
56.0 Latvia_BA_Kivutkalns_550_BC_Cov>50%N=7
29.0 Glinoe_Dacians_290_BC_Cov>25%N=5
15.0 Goths_Weklice_90_AD_Cov>40%N=9

I assume that the Gothic admixture occured already in Poland, so Proto-Slavs should be the mixture of Latvia_BA + Glinoe.

So if I average 2/3 Latvia_BA coordinates with 1/3 Glinoe_Dacians coordinates, I get this:

Distance to: 2/3LatviaBA+1/3GlinoeDacians
0.01484672 Belarusian
0.01565586 Lithuanian_PA
0.01591987 Russian_Pskov
0.01705203 Lithuanian_VA
0.01739485 Russian_Smolensk
0.01852226 Russian_Kursk
0.01858410 Ukrainian_Chernihiv
0.01872825 Russian_Voronez
0.01894729 Ukrainian_Rivne
0.01909742 Russian_Kaluga
0.02091818 Russian_Orel
0.02118040 Ukrainian_Zhytomyr
0.02145409 Ukrainian_Sumy
0.02201935 Lithuanian_RA
0.02255844 Ukrainian_Dnipro
0.02270749 Russian_Belgorod
0.02497428 Cossack_Ukrainian
0.02501278 Russian_Ryazan
0.02568617 Russian_Tver
0.02623232 Polish
(...)

So try the 850BC-0 sample set from Eastern Europe.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Xq8Jw0Xtejr700VWGdg3E3FvM4wxLRYL/view?usp=sharing

I expanded the scope beyond the Latvia_Kivutkalns samples to include the Lusatian culture of Volhynia.
I left the much earlier Polish samples at the end (they can be omitted) because we don't have anything certain in that period except the Celts. I also added 2 Scandinavian samples as a test, so that we wouldn't miss the Goths.

What happens later is repeated. Estonian samples are closer than Latvian ones. The distance to them is as much as 0.07 [sic!]
Lusatian Culture also correlates higher. You also have clear correlations with Trzciniec.

ParaSlavic Scythians as the closest ones are not surprising.

Distance to: Szolad_AV2__AD_602__Cov_68.94%
0.03390242 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03874390 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.04243474 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I11719.AG__BC_626__Cov_55. 60%
0.04319498 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
0.04348869 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.04404183 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I5287.AG__BC_575__Cov_87.8 4%
0.04410436 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
0.04440703 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.04556961 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04671394 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz667__BC_1529__Cov_21.14%
0.04682432 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz694__BC_1321__Cov_28.63%
0.04690749 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.04792187 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian.SG:scy009.SG__BC_618__Cov_82. 43%
0.04821706 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_LeftDnipro_LocAgr_2_EIA:U KR096__BC_290__Cov_64.95%
0.04824509 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04902281 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.04948189 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04990628 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz663__BC_1526__Cov_13.67%
0.05018540 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz678__BC_1564__Cov_22.95%
0.05036540 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz554__BC_1394__Cov_43.58%
0.05105379 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V11_1.SG__BC_279__Cov_24.73%
0.05139725 Poland_Trzciniec_EBA:poz833__BC_1747__Cov_47.44%
0.05153372 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz680__BC_1500__Cov_19.25%
0.05154447 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz675__BC_1500__Cov_26.95%
0.05256447 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz658__BC_1326__Cov_46.94%
0.05275702 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz713__BC_1312__Cov_28.37%
0.05292707 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz684__BC_1317__Cov_27.11%
0.05312541 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz711__BC_1471__Cov_34.63%
0.05341957 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I13780.AG__BC_300__Cov_67.91%
0.05407154 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz700__BC_1312__Cov_61.82%
0.05408703 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
0.05409778 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz665__BC_1476__Cov_43.54%
0.05480116 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_X04_1.SG__BC_395__Cov_22.83%
0.05527684 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I5288.AG__BC_575__Cov_74.4 9%
0.05529084 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR111__ BC_657__Cov_41.62%
0.05606142 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I16272.AG__BC_289__Cov_54.25%
0.05612147 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz709__BC_1597__Cov_20.02%
0.05614624 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz702__BC_1410__Cov_65.81%
0.05638464 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz671__BC_1462__Cov_22.74%
0.05639635 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 2__BC_660__Cov_16.42%
0.05649176 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz662__BC_1483__Cov_10.02%
0.05652824 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz748__BC_1507__Cov_25.27%
0.05654460 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz712__BC_1326__Cov_23.43%
0.05670099 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17322.AG__BC_300__Cov_50.78%
0.05681572 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz719__BC_1350__Cov_29.08%
0.05710360 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz552__BC_1405__Cov_15.07%
0.05755910 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz693__BC_1418__Cov_26.41%
0.05759332 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz674__BC_1529__Cov_28.53%
0.05765095 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N49_noUDG.SG__BC_2425__Cov_ 79.78%
0.05787914 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_VII4_1.SG__BC_543__Cov_30.77%
0.05792865 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz649__BC_1525__Cov_unknown
0.05825435 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz651__BC_1473__Cov_12.88%
0.05826337 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz155__BC_1642__Cov_39.58%
0.05826945 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz690__BC_1326__Cov_25.48%
0.05890716 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz507_2__BC_1314__Cov_14.70%
0.05974731 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12103.AG__BC_575__Cov_55. 40%
0.06038199 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz660__BC_1415__Cov_50.46%
0.06198637 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz720__BC_1268__Cov_46.60%
0.06238886 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz498_2__BC_1263__Cov_12.06%
0.06261800 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz652__BC_1507__Cov_11.50%
0.06310143 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian_o1.SG:MJ-14.SG__BC_643__Cov_11.76%
0.06354109 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N47_noUDG.SG__BC_2425__Cov_ 85.18%
0.06396353 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz682__BC_1350__Cov_19.28%
0.06401277 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian_o1.SG:MJ-13.SG__BC_545__Cov_21.10%
0.06480289 Czechia_IA_Hallstatt.AG:I16326.AG__BC_675__Cov_43. 39%
0.06494436 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz664__BC_1516__Cov_32.86%
0.06509940 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V10_2.SG__BC_623__Cov_33.27%
0.06529747 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR167__BC_850__Cov_83. 76%
0.06575783 Slovakia_BytcaHrabove_Puchov_LaTene_Roman.SG:R2200 .SG__BC_10__Cov_68.75%
0.06586905 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I16270.AG__BC_300__Cov_16.61%
0.06693761 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17317.AG__BC_300__Cov_42.39%
0.06695936 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz717__BC_1271__Cov_11.29%
0.06702579 Poland_EBA.SG:N17_noUDG.SG__BC_1900__Cov_84.40%
0.06733282 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz687__BC_1323__Cov_13.24%
0.06746420 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz507__BC_1314__Cov_40.36%
0.06755642 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR114__ BC_450__Cov_25.25%
0.06825349 Poland_EBA:I6579__BC_2205__Cov_68.44%
0.06837911 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I15950.AG__BC_435__Cov_60.94%
0.06876369 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17327.AG__BC_300__Cov_42.33%
0.06876533 Poland_Strzyżów_EBA:poz230__BC_1889__Cov_38.38%
0.06928484 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz659__BC_1507__Cov_68.26%
0.06930431 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I16268.AG__BC_300__Cov_50.76%
0.06943354 Sweden_IA_1.SG:VK579.SG__AD_300__Cov_12.51%
0.06952829 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12107.AG__BC_575__Cov_60. 78%
0.06973426 Czechia_IA_Hallstatt.SG:DA112.SG__BC_557__Cov_33.8 6%
0.06984974 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 3__BC_650__Cov_32.42%
0.07017340 Poland_Strzyżów_EBA:poz794__BC_1809__Cov_91.79%
0.07035645 Czechia_IA_Hallstatt.AG:I17312.AG__BC_675__Cov_15. 86%
0.07076104 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian.SG:scy010.SG__BC_656__Cov_35. 59%
0.07096874 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns42.AG__BC_747__Cov_51.38%
0.07104831 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz673__BC_1500__Cov_unknown
0.07115550 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I15039.AG__BC_235__Cov_71.99%
0.07123690 Slovakia_BytcaHrabove_Puchov_LaTene_Roman.SG:R2201 .SG__BC_20__Cov_51.93%
0.07146997 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns25.AG__BC_687__Cov_59.79%
0.07169832 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_EIA:UKR110__BC _350__Cov_37.09%
0.07201874 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz583__BC_1399__Cov_10.47%
0.07230282 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I15045.AG__BC_305__Cov_73.02%
0.07235896 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns194.AG__BC_348__Cov_11.47%
0.07261819 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz710__BC_1375__Cov_13.57%
0.07273564 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz498__BC_1263__Cov_59.75%

cass

01-10-2025, 05:34 PM

Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02995314 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03464938 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.03574129 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03634529 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
0.03787612 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.03838031 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
0.03893497 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.04003978 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04050407 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.04057301 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04144987 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
0.04172509 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_LeftDnipro_LocAgr_2_EIA:U KR096__BC_290__Cov_64.95%
0.04198792 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04217204 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I11719.AG__BC_626__Cov_55. 60%
0.04305078 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian.SG:scy009.SG__BC_618__Cov_82. 43%
0.04346902 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz667__BC_1529__Cov_21.14%
0.04356884 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz711__BC_1471__Cov_34.63%
0.04359392 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V11_1.SG__BC_279__Cov_24.73%
0.04359962 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I5287.AG__BC_575__Cov_87.8 4%
0.04393690 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz554__BC_1394__Cov_43.58%
0.04395597 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz663__BC_1526__Cov_13.67%
0.04414028 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz658__BC_1326__Cov_46.94%
0.04465814 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz694__BC_1321__Cov_28.63%
0.04470583 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz700__BC_1312__Cov_61.82%
0.04489741 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz713__BC_1312__Cov_28.37%
0.04507712 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz702__BC_1410__Cov_65.81%
0.04599536 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz678__BC_1564__Cov_22.95%
0.04645978 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz684__BC_1317__Cov_27.11%
0.04661067 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz680__BC_1500__Cov_19.25%
0.04664456 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_X04_1.SG__BC_395__Cov_22.83%
0.04728378 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR111__ BC_657__Cov_41.62%
0.04773163 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz693__BC_1418__Cov_26.41%
0.04804643 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I5288.AG__BC_575__Cov_74.4 9%
0.04867872 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz675__BC_1500__Cov_26.95%
0.04934006 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I16272.AG__BC_289__Cov_54.25%
0.05013716 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I13780.AG__BC_300__Cov_67.91%
0.05014702 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz719__BC_1350__Cov_29.08%
0.05037539 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz507_2__BC_1314__Cov_14.70%
0.05068999 Poland_Trzciniec_EBA:poz833__BC_1747__Cov_47.44%
0.05087729 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_VII4_1.SG__BC_543__Cov_30.77%
0.05133749 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz690__BC_1326__Cov_25.48%
0.05136058 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17322.AG__BC_300__Cov_50.78%
0.05168382 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz671__BC_1462__Cov_22.74%
0.05192180 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz665__BC_1476__Cov_43.54%
0.05192421 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz552__BC_1405__Cov_15.07%
0.05258145 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz709__BC_1597__Cov_20.02%
0.05260497 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz712__BC_1326__Cov_23.43%
0.05295154 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz649__BC_1525__Cov_unknown
0.05303191 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz662__BC_1483__Cov_10.02%
0.05308169 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N49_noUDG.SG__BC_2425__Cov_ 79.78%
0.05339580 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian_o1.SG:MJ-14.SG__BC_643__Cov_11.76%
0.05375064 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz748__BC_1507__Cov_25.27%
0.05381808 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz687__BC_1323__Cov_13.24%
0.05466718 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz674__BC_1529__Cov_28.53%
0.05491057 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 2__BC_660__Cov_16.42%
0.05510928 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz498_2__BC_1263__Cov_12.06%
0.05558670 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz652__BC_1507__Cov_11.50%
0.05740198 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz651__BC_1473__Cov_12.88%
0.05841642 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz682__BC_1350__Cov_19.28%
0.05857180 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12103.AG__BC_575__Cov_55. 40%
0.05881725 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR167__BC_850__Cov_83. 76%
0.05893605 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz660__BC_1415__Cov_50.46%
0.05913711 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz664__BC_1516__Cov_32.86%
0.05976538 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz155__BC_1642__Cov_39.58%
0.05985140 Poland_EBA:I6579__BC_2205__Cov_68.44%
0.06026698 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V10_2.SG__BC_623__Cov_33.27%
0.06037065 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian_o1.SG:MJ-13.SG__BC_545__Cov_21.10%
0.06039914 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz507__BC_1314__Cov_40.36%
0.06052532 Poland_EBA.SG:N17_noUDG.SG__BC_1900__Cov_84.40%
0.06074073 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 3__BC_650__Cov_32.42%
0.06074840 Czechia_IA_Hallstatt.AG:I16326.AG__BC_675__Cov_43. 39%
0.06085584 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz720__BC_1268__Cov_46.60%
0.06088500 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N47_noUDG.SG__BC_2425__Cov_ 85.18%
0.06115298 Poland_Strzyżów_EBA:poz230__BC_1889__Cov_38.38%
0.06179646 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR114__ BC_450__Cov_25.25%
0.06205134 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17317.AG__BC_300__Cov_42.39%
0.06215280 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I16270.AG__BC_300__Cov_16.61%
0.06243571 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz659__BC_1507__Cov_68.26%
0.06324359 Sweden_IA_1.SG:VK579.SG__AD_300__Cov_12.51%
0.06354842 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17327.AG__BC_300__Cov_42.33%
0.06358333 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I15950.AG__BC_435__Cov_60.94%
0.06492373 Poland_Strzyżów_EBA:poz794__BC_1809__Cov_91.79%
0.06500265 Slovakia_BytcaHrabove_Puchov_LaTene_Roman.SG:R2200 .SG__BC_10__Cov_68.75%
0.06535450 Poland_Iwno_EBA:poz929__BC_1843__Cov_67.01%
0.06548400 Poland_ChopiceVeseleCulture:I6531__BC_2163__Cov_67 .52%
0.06564880 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz717__BC_1271__Cov_11.29%
0.06568370 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12107.AG__BC_575__Cov_60. 78%
0.06601213 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz650__BC_1537__Cov_15.47%
0.06607537 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns25.AG__BC_687__Cov_59.79%
0.06618109 Poland_EBA_Unetice.SG:RISE109_noUDG.SG__BC_1871__C ov_17.89%
0.06631009 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I15045.AG__BC_305__Cov_73.02%
0.06667694 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian.SG:scy010.SG__BC_656__Cov_35. 59%
0.06672966 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz673__BC_1500__Cov_unknown
0.06707536 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_EIA:UKR110__BC _350__Cov_37.09%
0.06707770 Poland_Strzyżów_EBA:poz787__BC_1838__Cov_80.88%
0.06718253 Czechia_IA_Hallstatt.SG:DA112.SG__BC_557__Cov_33.8 6%
0.06725283 Czechia_IA_Hallstatt.AG:I17312.AG__BC_675__Cov_15. 86%
0.06733163 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I16268.AG__BC_300__Cov_50.76%
0.06767447 Poland_Mierzanowice_EBA:poz790__BC_2164__Cov_79.03 %
0.06798517 Poland_Strzyżów_EBA:poz788__BC_1843__Cov_74.05%

cass

01-10-2025, 06:13 PM

Model results for the period 850BC-0

Target: Szolad_AV2__AD_602__Cov_68.94%
Distance: 1.5749% / 0.01574919
17.2 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns19.AG__BC_483__Cov_78.88%
16.4 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns42.AG__BC_747__Cov_51.38%
12.4 Estonia_BA.SG:s19_V16_1.SG__BC_484__Cov_21.30%
10.6 Poland_BKG.SG:N28_noUDG.SG__BC_4124__Cov_72.00%
10.2 Poland_Southeast_CordedWare.SG:pcw350_noUDG.SG__BC _2343__Cov_12.29%
4.4 Czechia_IA_LaTene_father.or.son.I17142.AG:I14988.A G__BC_305__Cov_42.77%
4.4 Poland_Mierzanowice_EBA:poz533__BC_2016__Cov_unkno wn
4.2 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns153.AG__BC_683__Cov_21.59%
3.8 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17321.AG__BC_275__Cov_44.13%
3.4 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns194.AG__BC_348__Cov_11.47%
3.0 Poland_Meso:poz503dr__BC_6647__Cov_47.74%
2.6 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
2.2 Poland_Mierzanowice_EBA:poz559__BC_1950__Cov_unkno wn
1.8 Ukraine_EIA_LateSrubna_o.SG:MJ-08.SG__BC_637__Cov_11.01%
1.4 Russia_Ekven_OldBeringSea.SG:NEO248.SG__BC_112__Co v_60.49%
1.0 Denmark_LBA.SG:RISE276__BC_662__Cov_7.68%
0.8 Poland_GlobularAmphora:I2434__BC_3100__Cov_9.74%
0.2 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 0.1942% / 0.00194166
16.8 Estonia_BA.SG:s19_V16_1.SG__BC_484__Cov_21.30%
12.8 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns207.AG__BC_650__Cov_80.52%
7.8 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12098.AG__BC_575__Cov_23. 58%
7.8 Estonia_BA.SG:s19_X14_1.SG__BC_630__Cov_28.45%
6.8 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12099.AG__BC_575__Cov_62. 43%
6.2 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns19.AG__BC_483__Cov_78.88%
4.6 Poland_LBK_Late_N:lbk138__BC_4161__Cov_9.47%
4.2 Sweden_IA_1.SG:VK579.SG__AD_300__Cov_12.51%
4.0 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns25.AG__BC_687__Cov_59.79%
3.6 Poland_Southeast_CordedWare.SG:pcw350_noUDG.SG__BC _2343__Cov_12.29%
3.4 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17327.AG__BC_300__Cov_42.33%
3.2 Ukraine_Poltava_Scythian_LeftDnipro_LocEl_EIA:UKR0 89__BC_400__Cov_38.73%
2.6 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns153.AG__BC_683__Cov_21.59%
2.6 Ukraine_Poltava_Scythian_LeftDnipro_LocEl_EIA:UKR0 90__BC_350__Cov_38.09%
2.4 Russia_Karasuk_oAegean.SG:RISE492.SG__BC_298__Cov_ 12.76%
2.4 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz687__BC_1323__Cov_13.24%
2.2 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns209.AG__BC_666__Cov_70.90%
2.0 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.8 Ukraine_EIA_LateSrubna_o.SG:MJ-08.SG__BC_637__Cov_11.01%
0.8 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian_o1.SG:MJ-14.SG__BC_643__Cov_11.76%
0.8 Poland_Mierzanowice_EBA:poz559__BC_1950__Cov_unkno wn
0.4 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I16269.AG__BC_300__Cov_10.32%
0.4 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17317.AG__BC_300__Cov_42.39%
0.4 Denmark_LBA.SG:RISE276__BC_662__Cov_7.68%
0.4 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz507__BC_1314__Cov_40.36%
0.2 Russia_Buryatia_Xiongnu.AG:IMA008.AG__BC_50__Cov_2 5.35%
0.2 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
0.2 Poland_Mierzanowice_EBA:poz533__BC_2016__Cov_unkno wn

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 0.6000% / 0.00599999 | ADC: 0.25x RC
21.2 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
15.6 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12098.AG__BC_575__Cov_23. 58%
15.2 Estonia_BA.SG:s19_V16_1.SG__BC_484__Cov_21.30%
8.0 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
8.0 Estonia_BA.SG:s19_X14_1.SG__BC_630__Cov_28.45%
7.6 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz554__BC_1394__Cov_43.58%
7.2 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
7.0 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12107.AG__BC_575__Cov_60. 78%
6.2 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz687__BC_1323__Cov_13.24%
3.2 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian_o1.SG:MJ-14.SG__BC_643__Cov_11.76%
0.8 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%

Target: Szolad_AV2__AD_602__Cov_68.94%
Distance: 1.7633% / 0.01763342 | ADC: 0.25x RC
37.8 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
19.8 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
12.2 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns42.AG__BC_747__Cov_51.38%
11.4 Poland_BKG.SG:N28_noUDG.SG__BC_4124__Cov_72.00%
7.4 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns194.AG__BC_348__Cov_11.47%
6.0 Poland_Mierzanowice_EBA:poz533__BC_2016__Cov_unkno wn
3.8 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I17324.AG__BC_300__Cov_7.96%
1.6 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%

Target: Szolad_AV2__AD_602__Cov_68.94%
Distance: 2.2669% / 0.02266855 | ADC: 0.5x RC
42.0 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
21.4 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
13.8 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns42.AG__BC_747__Cov_51.38%
13.2 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
7.0 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
2.6 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns194.AG__BC_348__Cov_11.47%

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 1.3869% / 0.01386869 | ADC: 0.5x RC
31.2 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
25.0 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
21.6 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
11.0 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
7.6 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian_o1.SG:MJ-14.SG__BC_643__Cov_11.76%
2.6 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
1.0 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%

and a version without Polish samples.

Target: Szolad_AV2__AD_602__Cov_68.94%
Distance: 2.2669% / 0.02266855 | ADC: 0.5x RC
42.0 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
21.4 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
13.8 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns42.AG__BC_747__Cov_51.38%
13.2 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
7.0 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
2.6 Latvia_BA.AG:Kivutkalns194.AG__BC_348__Cov_11.47%

Target: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
Distance: 1.3869% / 0.01386869 | ADC: 0.5x RC
31.2 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
25.0 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
21.6 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
11.0 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
7.6 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian_o1.SG:MJ-14.SG__BC_643__Cov_11.76%
2.6 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
1.0 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%

The Scythians predominate so much that it is difficult to draw any other conclusions. The correlation with Estonia IA is interesting. It looks as if they were completely avoiding the Baltic core.

Unless we take the first result. But then we have to go straight to the original CW/GAC from the Poland/Estonia area and the correlation with Latvia_Kivutkalns.

Peterski

01-10-2025, 06:29 PM

How do we know they are Dacians?

They are not real Scythians and they are in Dacian territory:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Dacian-Territory-Map.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Dacian-Territory-Map.jpg

cass

01-10-2025, 06:33 PM

They are not real Scythians and they are in Dacian territory:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Dacian-Territory-Map.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Dacian-Territory-Map.jpg

Archaeologists have no doubts in this case.

Warriors Die Young: Increased Mortality in Early Adulthood of Scythians from Glinoe, Moldova, Fourth through Second Centuries bc
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320206440_Warriors_Die_Young_Increased_Mortality_i n_Early_Adulthood_of_Scythians_from_Glinoe_Moldova _Fourth_through_Second_Centuries_bc

Peterski

01-10-2025, 06:45 PM

cass

01-10-2025, 06:51 PM

Okay but you can see that they are not genetically Scythians.

Genetically Scythian samples are close to Tatars and Pamiris.

Glinoe samples:

Distance to: Glinoe_Dacians_290_BC_Cov>25%N=5
0.03195687 Swiss_Italian
0.03361970 Greek_Central_Macedonia
0.03373428 Pomak_Tikves_Plain
0.03383255 Greek_Thessaly
0.03387273 Rumelia_East
0.03434694 Italian_Emilia
0.03456922 Pomak_Almopia_Plain
0.03500718 Patriyot_West_Macedonia
0.03528239 Torbeši_Polog
0.03559737 Albanian

Actual Scythians:

Distance to: Scythian_MamayHora_310_BC_N=3
0.06487852 Pamiri_Rushan
0.07121725 Tajik_Yaghnobi
0.07240242 Tatar_Mishar
0.07263617 Pamiri_Shugnan
0.07687198 Tatar_Kazan
0.08369742 Tajik_Tajikistan_Kulob
0.08407778 Turkish_Deliorman
0.08424738 Pamiri_Badakhshan
0.08614136 Tajik_Tajikistan_Hisor
0.08629621 Turkish_Rumeli

The Scythians are a huge area and a lot of gentypes. Just like the Vikings. Can you break down these Scythians and isolate the one that correlates with the Slavs?

You yourself have been a supporter of the Scythian theory for a long time. Theoretically, it is possible that they did not take part in the ethnogenesis of the Slavs and only individual Slavs appeared among the Scythians, hence such close correlations.

As you can see above, the model containing only Latvia_BA.Kivutkalns does not pass the test of a wide range of samples. And if anything, the correlation is with very ancient samples from Poland.
At low distances we usually deal with atomization into very ancient fractions. Which would mean that the Slavs are related to the Balts but have clearly Polish connotations from the CW/GAC period.

This actually happened earlier when Gixajo picked out the alleged Basques in the Avar sample. A surplus of these alleged Basques can be found in samples especially in the Kuyavian Neolithic Core. This is nothing else than GAC, which rarely penetrates the Balts.

unmoggable

01-10-2025, 07:06 PM

Distance to: unmoggable
0.02674598 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2207.SG__AD_450__Cov_48.45%
0.02878790 Slovakia_Poprad.SG:DA119_noUDG.SG__AD_350__Cov_42. 50%
0.03191831 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.03316077 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.03331209 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0111__AD_300__Cov_11.59%
0.03337753 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10620.SG_ _AD_9__Cov_40.52%
0.03567239 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10631.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_44.50%
0.03732719 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0062__AD_200__Cov_27.16%
0.03797925 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10626.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_50.85%
0.03827051 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.03863531 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.03883320 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.04007615 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
0.04115883 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0030__AD_200__Cov_35.75%
0.04188196 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.04212748 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0479__AD_200__Cov_14. 63%
0.04213552 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0094__AD_300__Cov_27.65%
0.04222230 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.04279448 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.04537331 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0498__AD_200__Cov_14. 98%
0.04546717 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%
0.04550317 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.04603913 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0059__AD_200__Cov_78.42%
0.04615711 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0028__AD_200__Cov_39.89%
0.04653118 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0114__AD_300__Cov_12.75%

TheMaestro

01-10-2025, 07:17 PM

tk'es

01-10-2025, 07:17 PM

Target: tk'es_scaled
Distance: 3.0565% / 0.03056519
89.0 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Sarmatian_SivDon_IA
5.0 Russia_LateSarmatian.SG
2.4 Russia_Buryatia_Xiongnu
2.0 Russia_Tashtyk_IA
1.4 Russia_Ekven_OldBeringSea
0.2 Russia_Bratskoe_Alan

Distance to: tk'es_scaled
0.04322706 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Sarmatian_SivDon_IA:UKR160__AD_150 __Cov_71.15%
0.08070927 Russia_Bratskoe_Alan:lib40al__AD_300__Cov_unknown
0.09056570 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291258__AD_350_ _Cov_12.82%
0.09453042 Ukraine_Chernivtsi_Chernyakhiv_3_IA:UKR049__AD_253 __Cov_36.70%
0.10923900 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR123__AD_350__C ov_51.83%
0.11291089 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR047__AD_350__ Cov_14.11%
0.11394917 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR045__AD_350__ Cov_32.43%
0.11471615 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR102__AD_350__C ov_55.35%
0.11511662 Russia_Late_Xiongnu_Sarmatian:TMI001__AD_31__Cov_2 4.96%
0.11867608 Russia_LateSarmatian.SG:chy001_noUDG.SG__AD_121__C ov_22.49%
0.12078219 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG:R2202.SG__AD_25 __Cov_50.62%
0.12440481 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA_oAnatolia_IA:PCA0492__AD _200__Cov_11.35%
0.12799672 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2209.SG__AD_400__Cov_67.48%
0.12879821 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291260__AD_350_ _Cov_12.09%
0.12885144 Russia_LateSarmatian.SG:chy002_noUDG.SG__AD_164__C ov_42.66%
0.12903955 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291264__AD_350_ _Cov_44.33%
0.12954297 Russia_Urals_Sarmatian:tem001__AD_225__Cov_7.95%
0.13135260 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2211.SG__AD_400__Cov_66.93%
0.13148849 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2206.SG__AD_450__Cov_56.49%
0.13310643 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR128__AD_295__C ov_34.01%
0.13674063 Russia_LateSarmatian.SG:tem002_noUDG.SG__AD_189__C ov_23.04%
0.13783324 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.13846450 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2210.SG__AD_400__Cov_54.90%
0.13915526 Russia_LateSarmatian.SG:tem003_noUDG.SG__AD_252__C ov_53.33%
0.14049315 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR122__AD_350__C ov_30.44%

ScandinavianCelt

01-10-2025, 10:46 PM

@cass @kostek @peterski -- oskar is polish? who else here is polish? haven't seen katrzyna here in a few moons

let me try polish...

Skąd mam wiedzieć, czy jestem Ślązakiem, Kaszubą, czy jakimś innym? Mam w Polsce jednego starożytnego osobnika, który jest w 75% szetlandzki i 25% tadżycki

cass

01-10-2025, 11:21 PM

ScandinavianCelt

01-10-2025, 11:38 PM

Seen this? https://m.imdb.com/title/tt6104058/?ref_=ext_shr_lnk

Gannicus

01-10-2025, 11:55 PM

As far as I know I don't have any Slavic ancestry.

Here's what I get as someone who is majority Celtic followed by Germanic.

I'm assuming the first 6 samples closest to me are Goths?

Distance to: Gannicus_mergedfile_scaled
0.03712430 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2207.SG__AD_450__Cov_48.45%
0.03793171 Slovakia_Poprad.SG:DA119_noUDG.SG__AD_350__Cov_42. 50%
0.04078976 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0111__AD_300__Cov_11.59%
0.04392276 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10631.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_44.50%
0.04564169 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.04613975 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10620.SG_ _AD_9__Cov_40.52%
0.04650047 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.04773744 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
0.04880210 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.04883130 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0094__AD_300__Cov_27.65%
0.04886561 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0062__AD_200__Cov_27.16%
0.04901492 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0479__AD_200__Cov_14. 63%
0.04943010 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0472__AD_200__Cov_10. 55%
0.05016765 Poland_Hun:czu001__AD_406__Cov_58.14%
0.05031161 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.05054379 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0498__AD_200__Cov_14. 98%
0.05063361 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.05106356 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.05112082 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0030__AD_200__Cov_35.75%
0.05128344 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10626.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_50.85%
0.05209698 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA_oIberianEEF:PCA0493__AD_ 200__Cov_12.23%
0.05220610 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.05309047 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10618.SG_ _AD_161__Cov_55.41%
0.05313030 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.05349458 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0059__AD_200__Cov_78.42%

Target: Gannicus_mergedfile_scaled
Distance: 0.0218% / 0.02183170 | ADC: 0.5x RC
39.9 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
20.8 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA
19.9 Poland_Hun
10.4 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
8.0 Poland_Maslomecz_IA
1.0 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA_oIberianEEF

Target: Gannicus_mergedfile_scaled
Distance: 0.0200% / 0.01999913 | R5P
34.6 Poland_Hun
23.4 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
16.2 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA
14.1 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
11.7 Poland_Kowalewko_IA_oEEF-WHG

ScandinavianCelt

01-11-2025, 12:21 AM

:thumb001:

What kind of Tajik was he?
IMO such populations are extinct.

pcw041,0.12256812,0.10563084,0.04296684,0.04050444 ,0.01656388,0.01698218,0.00350058,0.00447802,-0.00968524,-0.01379756,-0.00185838,0.00066998,-0.00650352,-0.00526098,0.01371178,-0.0015642,-0.01554602,0.00313446,-0.0013259,-0.00453616,0.00077238,0.0038409,-0.00051666,0.01375076,0.00194626

plots close to me, just a bit east

his info here:

https://i.postimg.cc/13wzj5V6/pcw041-2way.jpg (https://postimages.org/)

https://i.postimg.cc/RVjFdnh4/pcw041-GCP.jpg (https://postimg.cc/D8Pny01M)

https://i.postimg.cc/Y9qq06nf/pcw041-info.jpg (https://postimg.cc/McN8rQ8v)

https://i.postimg.cc/bvRwqCTw/pcw041-profile.jpg (https://postimages.org/)

cass

01-11-2025, 12:38 AM

pcw041,0.12256812,0.10563084,0.04296684,0.04050444 ,0.01656388,0.01698218,0.00350058,0.00447802,-0.00968524,-0.01379756,-0.00185838,0.00066998,-0.00650352,-0.00526098,0.01371178,-0.0015642,-0.01554602,0.00313446,-0.0013259,-0.00453616,0.00077238,0.0038409,-0.00051666,0.01375076,0.00194626

You can see that "Tajik" is a derivative of Andronovo. He never appeared again, except as a Scythian.

ScandinavianCelt

01-11-2025, 12:58 AM

You can see that "Tajik" is a derivative of Andronovo. He never appeared again, except as a Scythian.

Distance to: SC_PreUpdate_Official_Ave_Scaled
0.02745514 Shetlandic
0.04607387 pcw041
0.15150153 Tajik_Yaghnobi
0.17413707 Tajik_Tajikistan_Kulob
0.17774628 Tajik_Tajikistan_Ayni
0.17819068 Tajik_Tajikistan_Hisor
0.20136253 Tajik_Afghanistan
0.39273535 Kirghiz_Tajikistan_Pamir

Distance to: Polish_Silesian
0.05273265 Shetlandic
0.06283674 pcw041
0.16448735 Tajik_Yaghnobi
0.18604934 Tajik_Tajikistan_Kulob
0.18907007 Tajik_Tajikistan_Hisor
0.18955739 Tajik_Tajikistan_Ayni
0.21491757 Tajik_Afghanistan
0.39617963 Kirghiz_Tajikistan_Pamir

Distance to: Polish_Kashubian
0.05957161 Shetlandic
0.07229758 pcw041
0.17432359 Tajik_Yaghnobi
0.19619349 Tajik_Tajikistan_Kulob
0.19934326 Tajik_Tajikistan_Ayni
0.19952049 Tajik_Tajikistan_Hisor
0.22428515 Tajik_Afghanistan
0.40388892 Kirghiz_Tajikistan_Pamir

Distance to: Polish
0.06128039 Shetlandic
0.06802832 pcw041
0.16636775 Tajik_Yaghnobi
0.18793949 Tajik_Tajikistan_Kulob
0.19094670 Tajik_Tajikistan_Ayni
0.19108868 Tajik_Tajikistan_Hisor
0.21555339 Tajik_Afghanistan
0.39717713 Kirghiz_Tajikistan_Pamir

One of my 4 Polish ancient matches is 100% Basque-Sardinian. Another is 66% Barcelones, 34% Finnish_SW. My last one RISE139 is 79 Swedish 21 Tajik.

RISE139,0.11020854,0.1080015,0.05233984,0.05341522 ,0.022886,0.02402248,0.00563684,0.00944576,-0.00720308,-0.01815234,-0.00309408,0.0017325,0.00462284,-0.0026712,0.00773238,-0.00033412,-0.00613906,-0.00027362,-0.00083076,-0.00177678,0.00368866,0.00156536,-0.00154112,0.00903058,-0.00089587

celticdragongod

01-11-2025, 10:45 PM

Distance to: CDG_scaled
0.03053368 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2207.SG__AD_450__Cov_48.45%
0.03096587 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.03416131 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10626.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_50.85%
0.03513120 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10631.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_44.50%
0.03559874 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0062__AD_200__Cov_27.16%
0.03638902 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0479__AD_200__Cov_14. 63%
0.03651847 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
0.03744372 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.03799570 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0030__AD_200__Cov_35.75%
0.03842897 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10620.SG_ _AD_9__Cov_40.52%
0.03868639 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.03885215 Slovakia_Poprad.SG:DA119_noUDG.SG__AD_350__Cov_42. 50%
0.03892817 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0094__AD_300__Cov_27.65%
0.03924795 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.04007849 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.04086034 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0044__AD_200__Cov_10.79%
0.04086630 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0100__AD_300__Cov_91.51%
0.04094545 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.04140110 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.04151819 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0028__AD_200__Cov_39.89%
0.04228951 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.04250590 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.04299605 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0111__AD_300__Cov_11.59%
0.04303555 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0486__AD_200__Cov_17. 03%
0.04396498 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R11391.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_38.00%

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 1.3530% / 0.01353015
24.8 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0007__AD_200__Cov_11.21%
22.6 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0044__AD_200__Cov_10.79%
14.6 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
8.0 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10626.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_50.85%
6.0 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291260__AD_350_ _Cov_12.09%
5.8 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA_oIberianEEF:PCA0493__AD_ 200__Cov_12.23%
5.0 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0036__AD_200__Cov_15.34%
3.8 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
3.2 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0018__AD_200__Cov_11.50%
2.2 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial:SRR26291262__AD_350_ _Cov_10.70%
1.8 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2210.SG__AD_400__Cov_54.90%
1.2 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
1.0 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR121__AD_350__C ov_30.98%

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 1.4166% / 0.01416616 | ADC: 0.25x RC
20.4 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0044__AD_200__Cov_10.79%
20.0 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0007__AD_200__Cov_11.21%
12.4 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2210.SG__AD_400__Cov_54.90%
12.2 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10626.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_50.85%
11.6 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
7.0 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
5.4 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2206.SG__AD_450__Cov_56.49%
5.0 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0111__AD_300__Cov_11.59%
3.8 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA_oIberianEEF:PCA0493__AD_ 200__Cov_12.23%
2.2 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR129__AD_323__C ov_25.86%

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 1.4382% / 0.01438248 | ADC: 0.5x RC
19.8 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0007__AD_200__Cov_11.21%
18.8 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2210.SG__AD_400__Cov_54.90%
17.2 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0044__AD_200__Cov_10.79%
15.8 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10626.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_50.85%
11.6 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
8.6 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
8.2 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0111__AD_300__Cov_11.59%

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 2.1958% / 0.02195815 | ADC: 1x RC
34.4 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2207.SG__AD_450__Cov_48.45%
27.0 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
14.4 Slovakia_Poprad.SG:DA119_noUDG.SG__AD_350__Cov_42. 50%
14.2 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0479__AD_200__Cov_14. 63%
10.0 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0062__AD_200__Cov_27.16%

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 2.4017% / 0.02401736 | ADC: 2x RC
51.0 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2207.SG__AD_450__Cov_48.45%
49.0 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%

Wend-Kruzek

01-11-2025, 11:45 PM

Distance to: Wend-Kruzek_scaled
0.03652885 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.04019055 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%
0.04113134 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.04800306 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0062__AD_200__Cov_27.16%
0.04809628 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2207.SG__AD_450__Cov_48.45%
0.04851885 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.04898018 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.04950055 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.04956378 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.05094825 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10620.SG_ _AD_9__Cov_40.52%
0.05139495 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.05158239 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
0.05205132 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0094__AD_300__Cov_27.65%
0.05220694 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10631.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_44.50%
0.05235001 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0065__AD_200__Cov_11.62%
0.05260534 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.05282662 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.05294495 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.05317361 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.05327992 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.05348272 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0044__AD_200__Cov_10.79%
0.05351381 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0049__AD_200__Cov_12.24%
0.05416194 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10626.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_50.85%
0.05427469 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0102__AD_300__Cov_14.17%
0.05457715 Slovakia_Poprad.SG:DA119_noUDG.SG__AD_350__Cov_42. 50%

Target: Wend-Kruzek_scaled
Distance: 1.7469% / 0.01746941 | ADC: 0.5x RC
58.6 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope
18.6 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
13.4 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
9.4 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA

Cov_more 15%

Distance to: LudovitKruzek_scaled
0.03652885 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.04019055 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%
0.04113134 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.04800306 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0062__AD_200__Cov_27.16%
0.04809628 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2207.SG__AD_450__Cov_48.45%
0.04851885 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.04898018 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.04956378 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.05094825 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10620.SG_ _AD_9__Cov_40.52%
0.05139495 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.05158239 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
0.05205132 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0094__AD_300__Cov_27.65%
0.05220694 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10631.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_44.50%
0.05260534 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.05282662 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.05294495 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.05317361 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.05327992 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.05416194 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10626.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_50.85%
0.05457715 Slovakia_Poprad.SG:DA119_noUDG.SG__AD_350__Cov_42. 50%
0.05549448 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R11391.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_38.00%
0.05685824 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0100__AD_300__Cov_91.51%
0.05739728 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%
0.05860740 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0028__AD_200__Cov_39.89%
0.06026642 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0026__AD_200__Cov_19.49%

Target: Wend-Kruzek_scaled
Distance: 1.9351% / 0.01935138 | ADC: 0.5x RC
56.6 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope
31.4 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
12.0 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA

ScandinavianCelt

01-13-2025, 04:03 AM

Found two for ya, 1st is almost 100% Slavic, around 600 CE near Prague, the 2nd seems 1/2 Slavic, same area/time:

Czech_EarlySlav_I5026,0.13636788,0.12543402,0.0780 823,0.07348894,0.04274476,0.03145184,0.01092262,0. 0145352,0.00030666,-0.02597836,-0.0083942,-0.0078092,0.01953224,0.02774444,-0.00864722,0.00537084,4.192E-05,-0.00021866,0.00556518,0.0020616,0.00019024,-0.00334294,0.01044016,-0.00262068,-0.00183309

Czech_EarlySlavic_I4137,0.12696446,0.11725896,0.05 066394,0.04736368,0.02869688,0.01597034,0.01054376 ,0.00902142,-0.0081059,-0.01889446,-0.0001909,-0.00364982,0.0071502,0.0078594,-0.002898,0.00732506,0.01579324,-0.0018263,-0.00292312,0.00599632,-0.00441994,-0.00127676,0.0001605,0.00166848,0.00026186

Our shared segments K36 plots close to the 2nd one

https://i.postimg.cc/Qty5XMcW/Vahaduo-Global-25-Views-2025-01-12-T231104-529.png (https://postimg.cc/62CTctj9)

Dick

01-13-2025, 05:41 AM

Did you locate them yet :confused:

cass

09-07-2025, 03:02 PM

Did you locate them yet :confused:

https://i.ibb.co/dJp7PxKt/Zrzut-ekranu-7-9-2025-155753.jpg (https://ibb.co/cX8x6VTw)

At the moment, the nearest samples separated by centuries point to southern Poland. However, it must be remembered that to the north of the Carpathians, all the way to the Baltic states and the Scythians in the east, we have a large cremation gap.

https://i.ibb.co/7xbyHSQ2/Zrzut-ekranu-7-9-2025-16346.jpg (https://ibb.co/SDJv26cR)
In my opinion, the key period for ethnogenesis will be around 700 BC, that is, the shift of Slavic genomes also into Ukraine. The only thing I can associate this with is the Scythian incursion and the breakup of the Lusatians, which consequently led to the emergence of the Neuri in Ukraine, who are already recorded in historiography.

ScandinavianCelt

09-07-2025, 10:54 PM

https://i.ibb.co/dJp7PxKt/Zrzut-ekranu-7-9-2025-155753.jpg (https://ibb.co/cX8x6VTw)

At the moment, the nearest samples separated by centuries point to southern Poland. However, it must be remembered that to the north of the Carpathians, all the way to the Baltic states and the Scythians in the east, we have a large cremation gap.

https://i.ibb.co/7xbyHSQ2/Zrzut-ekranu-7-9-2025-16346.jpg (https://ibb.co/SDJv26cR)
In my opinion, the key period for ethnogenesis will be around 700 BC, that is, the shift of Slavic genomes also into Ukraine. The only thing I can associate this with is the Scythian incursion and the breakup of the Lusatians, which consequently led to the emergence of the Neuri in Ukraine, who are already recorded in historiography.

Do you have some samples for these ukrainians you mentioning? I'd like to check because lately I've been getting the Ukraine and some calculators especially two-way but even more ranging from 13 and a half percent all the way to 20% depending on the distance I forgot the name of the place I could show you but a couple of them show up

And can you put the samples that are Slavic for Denmark and Estonia also? It seems to me that the Slavic that I got came through Eastern Sweden somehow based on some past research I may have told you but some of my most Slavic chromosomes appear where the other half of the DNA appears to be swedish and so it could be My Father's side that also carries different group potentially of a Slavic background I think my father carries more Russian believe it or not somehow and my mother carries more of the Eastern or Central Eastern Slavic

Peterski

09-08-2025, 12:24 AM

Wandal

09-08-2025, 03:58 AM

cass

09-08-2025, 06:53 PM

Do you have some samples for these ukrainians you mentioning? I'd like to check because lately I've been getting the Ukraine and some calculators especially two-way but even more ranging from 13 and a half percent all the way to 20% depending on the distance I forgot the name of the place I could show you but a couple of them show up

And can you put the samples that are Slavic for Denmark and Estonia also? It seems to me that the Slavic that I got came through Eastern Sweden somehow based on some past research I may have told you but some of my most Slavic chromosomes appear where the other half of the DNA appears to be swedish and so it could be My Father's side that also carries different group potentially of a Slavic background I think my father carries more Russian believe it or not somehow and my mother carries more of the Eastern or Central Eastern Slavic

Here you have them arranged chronologically. I proceeded step by step, adding new samples in the next epoch if they correlated higher than the previous ones. The whole exercise was about trying to cover the cremation gaps.

700AD

Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02412911 Hungary_Avar_5_daughter.or.mother.AV1.AG:AV2.AG__A D_602__Cov_68.94%
0.02686909 Italy_Sicily_Himera_480BCE_NEurope.AG:I10949.AG__B C_480__Cov_49.60%
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.02812247 Denmark_Jutland_PreRoman_IA:CGG106486_CGG106491__B C_202__Cov_67.50%
0.02827559 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18226.AG__BC_345__Cov_65.6 6%
0.02902102 Hungary_Sarmatian:HVF-8__AD_250__Cov_50.63%
0.02931691 Hungary_Avar_5.AG:AV1.AG__AD_590__Cov_71.71%
0.02991176 Serbia_Roman_AfricanPossible.TW:I32305.TW__AD_100_ _Cov_80.26%
0.02995369 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03244969 Poland_Maslomecz_Wielbark_IA.SG:PCA0103.SG__AD_194 __Cov_74.66%
0.03250344 Croatia_Mursa_Roman.SG:R3657.SG__AD_282__Cov_44.65 %
0.03296490 Hungary_Sarmatian:ZZ-1__AD_181__Cov_52.63%
0.03452934 Hungary_EarlyAvar.AG:RKF106.AG__AD_625__Cov_47.30%
0.03457699 Germany_Hassleben_Germanic_oNorthernEurope.SG:R118 75.SG__AD_450__Cov_55.19%
0.03464485 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.03500400 Hungary_Scythian:I20745__BC_550__Cov_41.57%
0.03565507 Czechia_EarlySlav.AG:I5026.AG__AD_700__Cov_46.95%
0.03574678 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03577882 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18183.AG__BC_289__Cov_51.2 7%
0.03593877 Netherlands_South-Holland_Roman_IA:CGG107762__AD_100__Cov_40.17%
0.03619756 Hungary_Sarmatian:HVF-21__AD_175__Cov_59.43%
0.03633784 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
0.03637579 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25524.AG__BC_268__Cov_70. 85%
0.03647658 Serbia_Roman_elite_1.SG:R9673.SG__AD_150__Cov_67.3 9%

500AD

Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02686909 Italy_Sicily_Himera_480BCE_NEurope.AG:I10949.AG__B C_480__Cov_49.60%
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.02812247 Denmark_Jutland_PreRoman_IA:CGG106486_CGG106491__B C_202__Cov_67.50%
0.02827559 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18226.AG__BC_345__Cov_65.6 6%
0.02902102 Hungary_Sarmatian:HVF-8__AD_250__Cov_50.63%
0.02991176 Serbia_Roman_AfricanPossible.TW:I32305.TW__AD_100_ _Cov_80.26%
0.02995369 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03244969 Poland_Maslomecz_Wielbark_IA.SG:PCA0103.SG__AD_194 __Cov_74.66%
0.03250344 Croatia_Mursa_Roman.SG:R3657.SG__AD_282__Cov_44.65 %
0.03296490 Hungary_Sarmatian:ZZ-1__AD_181__Cov_52.63%
0.03457699 Germany_Hassleben_Germanic_oNorthernEurope.SG:R118 75.SG__AD_450__Cov_55.19%
0.03464485 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.03500400 Hungary_Scythian:I20745__BC_550__Cov_41.57%
0.03574678 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03577882 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18183.AG__BC_289__Cov_51.2 7%
0.03593877 Netherlands_South-Holland_Roman_IA:CGG107762__AD_100__Cov_40.17%
0.03619756 Hungary_Sarmatian:HVF-21__AD_175__Cov_59.43%
0.03633784 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
0.03637579 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25524.AG__BC_268__Cov_70. 85%
0.03647658 Serbia_Roman_elite_1.SG:R9673.SG__AD_150__Cov_67.3 9%
0.03705168 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1.SG__AD_137__Cov_25 .59%
0.03767975 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25509.AG__BC_181__Cov_74. 76%
0.03786676 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%

300AD

Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02686909 Italy_Sicily_Himera_480BCE_NEurope.AG:I10949.AG__B C_480__Cov_49.60%
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.02812247 Denmark_Jutland_PreRoman_IA:CGG106486_CGG106491__B C_202__Cov_67.50%
0.02827559 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18226.AG__BC_345__Cov_65.6 6%
0.02902102 Hungary_Sarmatian:HVF-8__AD_250__Cov_50.63%
0.02991176 Serbia_Roman_AfricanPossible.TW:I32305.TW__AD_100_ _Cov_80.26%
0.02995369 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03244969 Poland_Maslomecz_Wielbark_IA.SG:PCA0103.SG__AD_194 __Cov_74.66%
0.03250344 Croatia_Mursa_Roman.SG:R3657.SG__AD_282__Cov_44.65 %
0.03296490 Hungary_Sarmatian:ZZ-1__AD_181__Cov_52.63%
0.03464485 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.03500400 Hungary_Scythian:I20745__BC_550__Cov_41.57%
0.03574678 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03577882 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18183.AG__BC_289__Cov_51.2 7%
0.03593877 Netherlands_South-Holland_Roman_IA:CGG107762__AD_100__Cov_40.17%
0.03619756 Hungary_Sarmatian:HVF-21__AD_175__Cov_59.43%
0.03633784 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
0.03637579 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25524.AG__BC_268__Cov_70. 85%
0.03647658 Serbia_Roman_elite_1.SG:R9673.SG__AD_150__Cov_67.3 9%
0.03705168 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1.SG__AD_137__Cov_25 .59%
0.03767975 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25509.AG__BC_181__Cov_74. 76%
0.03786676 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%
0.03832030 Hungary_Sarmatian:MDH-162__AD_200__Cov_58.99%

100AD
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02686909 Italy_Sicily_Himera_480BCE_NEurope.AG:I10949.AG__B C_480__Cov_49.60%
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.02812247 Denmark_Jutland_PreRoman_IA:CGG106486_CGG106491__B C_202__Cov_67.50%
0.02827559 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18226.AG__BC_345__Cov_65.6 6%
0.02991176 Serbia_Roman_AfricanPossible.TW:I32305.TW__AD_100_ _Cov_80.26%
0.02995369 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03464485 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.03500400 Hungary_Scythian:I20745__BC_550__Cov_41.57%
0.03574678 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03577882 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18183.AG__BC_289__Cov_51.2 7%
0.03593877 Netherlands_South-Holland_Roman_IA:CGG107762__AD_100__Cov_40.17%
0.03633784 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
0.03637579 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25524.AG__BC_268__Cov_70. 85%
0.03767975 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25509.AG__BC_181__Cov_74. 76%
0.03786676 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%
0.03836998 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
0.03870896 Hungary_EIA_o3.AG:I25525.AG__BC_600__Cov_69.62%
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03893155 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04003511 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04049857 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%

100BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02686909 Italy_Sicily_Himera_480BCE_NEurope.AG:I10949.AG__B C_480__Cov_49.60%
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.02812247 Denmark_Jutland_PreRoman_IA:CGG106486_CGG106491__B C_202__Cov_67.50%
0.02827559 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18226.AG__BC_345__Cov_65.6 6%
0.02995369 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03464485 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.03500400 Hungary_Scythian:I20745__BC_550__Cov_41.57%
0.03574678 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03577882 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18183.AG__BC_289__Cov_51.2 7%
0.03633784 Estonia_IA.SG:s19_V12_1.SG__BC_154__Cov_22.35%
0.03637579 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25524.AG__BC_268__Cov_70. 85%
0.03767975 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o3.AG:I25509.AG__BC_181__Cov_74. 76%
0.03786676 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%
0.03836998 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
0.03870896 Hungary_EIA_o3.AG:I25525.AG__BC_600__Cov_69.62%
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03893155 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04003511 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04049857 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.04056796 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04145345 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%

300BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02686909 Italy_Sicily_Himera_480BCE_NEurope.AG:I10949.AG__B C_480__Cov_49.60%
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.02827559 Hungary_IA_LaTene_o.AG:I18226.AG__BC_345__Cov_65.6 6%
0.02995369 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03464485 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.03500400 Hungary_Scythian:I20745__BC_550__Cov_41.57%
0.03574678 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03786676 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%
0.03836998 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
0.03870896 Hungary_EIA_o3.AG:I25525.AG__BC_600__Cov_69.62%
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03893155 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04003511 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04049857 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.04056796 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04145345 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
0.04199673 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04216505 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I11719.AG__BC_626__Cov_55. 60%
0.04305395 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian.SG:scy009.SG__BC_618__Cov_82. 43%
0.04307513 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545__BC_1260__Cov_39.40%
0.04344085 Montenegro_IA.AG:I13170.AG__BC_600__Cov_76.47%

500BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.02995369 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_NomEl_3_EIA:UKR116 __BC_645__Cov_46.54%
0.03464485 Ukraine_Mykolaiv_Antiquity_Greeks?_2_EIA:UKR153__B C_573__Cov_42.28%
0.03500400 Hungary_Scythian:I20745__BC_550__Cov_41.57%
0.03574678 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03786676 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%
0.03836998 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
0.03870896 Hungary_EIA_o3.AG:I25525.AG__BC_600__Cov_69.62%
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03893155 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04003511 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04049857 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.04056796 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04145345 Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
0.04199673 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04216505 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I11719.AG__BC_626__Cov_55. 60%
0.04305395 Ukraine_EIA_Scythian.SG:scy009.SG__BC_618__Cov_82. 43%
0.04307513 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545__BC_1260__Cov_39.40%
0.04344085 Montenegro_IA.AG:I13170.AG__BC_600__Cov_76.47%
0.04345811 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz667__BC_1529__Cov_21.14%
0.04356441 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz711__BC_1471__Cov_34.63%

700BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.03786676 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03893155 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04003511 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04049857 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.04056796 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04199673 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04307513 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545__BC_1260__Cov_39.40%
0.04345811 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz667__BC_1529__Cov_21.14%
0.04356441 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz711__BC_1471__Cov_34.63%
0.04394627 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz554__BC_1394__Cov_43.58%
0.04395253 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz663__BC_1526__Cov_13.67%
0.04413008 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz658__BC_1326__Cov_46.94%
0.04452428 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04464967 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz694__BC_1321__Cov_28.63%
0.04470740 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz700__BC_1312__Cov_61.82%
0.04488657 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz713__BC_1312__Cov_28.37%
0.04507310 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz702__BC_1410__Cov_65.81%
0.04599767 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz678__BC_1564__Cov_22.95%
0.04646220 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz684__BC_1317__Cov_27.11%

900BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.02752945 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04003511 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04049857 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.04056796 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04199673 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04307513 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545__BC_1260__Cov_39.40%
0.04345811 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz667__BC_1529__Cov_21.14%
0.04356441 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz711__BC_1471__Cov_34.63%
0.04394627 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz554__BC_1394__Cov_43.58%
0.04395253 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz663__BC_1526__Cov_13.67%
0.04413008 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz658__BC_1326__Cov_46.94%
0.04452428 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04464967 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz694__BC_1321__Cov_28.63%
0.04470740 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz700__BC_1312__Cov_61.82%
0.04488657 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz713__BC_1312__Cov_28.37%
0.04507310 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz702__BC_1410__Cov_65.81%
0.04599767 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz678__BC_1564__Cov_22.95%
0.04646220 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz684__BC_1317__Cov_27.11%
0.04662490 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz680__BC_1500__Cov_19.25%
0.04666361 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %

1100BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.03819295 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz551_2__BC_1250__Cov_7.76%
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04003511 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04049857 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545_2__BC_1260__Cov_9.10%
0.04056796 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04199673 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04307513 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz545__BC_1260__Cov_39.40%
0.04345811 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz667__BC_1529__Cov_21.14%
0.04356441 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz711__BC_1471__Cov_34.63%
0.04394627 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz554__BC_1394__Cov_43.58%
0.04395253 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz663__BC_1526__Cov_13.67%
0.04413008 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz658__BC_1326__Cov_46.94%
0.04452428 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04464967 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz694__BC_1321__Cov_28.63%
0.04470740 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz700__BC_1312__Cov_61.82%
0.04488657 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz713__BC_1312__Cov_28.37%
0.04507310 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz702__BC_1410__Cov_65.81%
0.04599767 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz678__BC_1564__Cov_22.95%
0.04646220 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz684__BC_1317__Cov_27.11%
0.04662490 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz680__BC_1500__Cov_19.25%
0.04666361 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.04773662 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz693__BC_1418__Cov_26.41%

1300BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04003511 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04056796 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04199673 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04345811 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz667__BC_1529__Cov_21.14%
0.04356441 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz711__BC_1471__Cov_34.63%
0.04394627 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz554__BC_1394__Cov_43.58%
0.04395253 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz663__BC_1526__Cov_13.67%
0.04413008 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz658__BC_1326__Cov_46.94%
0.04452428 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04464967 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz694__BC_1321__Cov_28.63%
0.04470740 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz700__BC_1312__Cov_61.82%
0.04488657 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz713__BC_1312__Cov_28.37%
0.04507310 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz702__BC_1410__Cov_65.81%
0.04599767 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz678__BC_1564__Cov_22.95%
0.04646220 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz684__BC_1317__Cov_27.11%
0.04662490 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz680__BC_1500__Cov_19.25%
0.04666361 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.04773662 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz693__BC_1418__Cov_26.41%
0.04867353 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz675__BC_1500__Cov_26.95%
0.04884253 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296__BC_1531__Cov_26.60%
0.04925169 Estonia_CordedWare.SG:EKA1.SG__BC_2245__Cov_86.69%

1500BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.03893075 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04199673 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04345811 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz667__BC_1529__Cov_21.14%
0.04395253 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz663__BC_1526__Cov_13.67%
0.04452428 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04599767 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz678__BC_1564__Cov_22.95%
0.04662490 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz680__BC_1500__Cov_19.25%
0.04666361 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.04867353 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz675__BC_1500__Cov_26.95%
0.04884253 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296__BC_1531__Cov_26.60%
0.04925169 Estonia_CordedWare.SG:EKA1.SG__BC_2245__Cov_86.69%
0.04977593 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N49.SG__BC_2425__Cov_89.52%
0.05025500 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB083__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.05068855 Poland_Trzciniec_EBA:poz833__BC_1747__Cov_47.44%
0.05257414 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz709__BC_1597__Cov_20.02%
0.05295264 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz649__BC_1525__Cov_8.51%
0.05340195 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:VLI050.AG__BC_1846__Cov_61. 59%
0.05375763 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz748__BC_1507__Cov_25.27%
0.05467241 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz674__BC_1529__Cov_28.53%
0.05504620 Ukraine_Komarów_EBA:poz644__BC_1747__Cov_29.42%
0.05514761 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.05557482 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz652__BC_1507__Cov_11.50%

1700BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04452428 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04666361 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.04925169 Estonia_CordedWare.SG:EKA1.SG__BC_2245__Cov_86.69%
0.04977593 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N49.SG__BC_2425__Cov_89.52%
0.05025500 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB083__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.05068855 Poland_Trzciniec_EBA:poz833__BC_1747__Cov_47.44%
0.05340195 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:VLI050.AG__BC_1846__Cov_61. 59%
0.05504620 Ukraine_Komarów_EBA:poz644__BC_1747__Cov_29.42%
0.05514761 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.05568897 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N47.SG__BC_2425__Cov_92.40%
0.05603682 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB040__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.05624459 Poland_EBA.AG:I6579.AG__BC_2205__Cov_69.80%
0.05658271 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:BNL006.AG__BC_2120__Cov_51. 41%
0.05667967 Czechia_EBA_Unetice_brother.I14585.AG:I14188.AG__B C_1900__Cov_36.87%
0.05756933 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB072__BC_1860__Cov_19.75%
0.05837179 Serbia_Mokrin_EBA_Maros.SG:MOK28A.SG__BC_1950__Cov _68.97%
0.05857042 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB075__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.05910579 Netherlands_LNB_EBA_BellBeaker.AG:I13025.AG__BC_20 08__Cov_71.97%
0.05927057 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:KNE006.AG__BC_2115__Cov_14. 00%
0.05931919 Germany_EBA_Unetice.AG:LEU029.AG__BC_1950__Cov_28. 21%
0.05934337 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I7286.AG__BC_2271__Cov_69.13 %

1900BC
Distance to: Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.03976905 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03987699 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04452428 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04666361 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.04925169 Estonia_CordedWare.SG:EKA1.SG__BC_2245__Cov_86.69%
0.04977593 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N49.SG__BC_2425__Cov_89.52%
0.05514761 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.05568897 Poland_CordedWare_1.SG:N47.SG__BC_2425__Cov_92.40%
0.05624459 Poland_EBA.AG:I6579.AG__BC_2205__Cov_69.80%
0.05658271 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:BNL006.AG__BC_2120__Cov_51. 41%
0.05667967 Czechia_EBA_Unetice_brother.I14585.AG:I14188.AG__B C_1900__Cov_36.87%
0.05837179 Serbia_Mokrin_EBA_Maros.SG:MOK28A.SG__BC_1950__Cov _68.97%
0.05910579 Netherlands_LNB_EBA_BellBeaker.AG:I13025.AG__BC_20 08__Cov_71.97%
0.05927057 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:KNE006.AG__BC_2115__Cov_14. 00%
0.05931919 Germany_EBA_Unetice.AG:LEU029.AG__BC_1950__Cov_28. 21%
0.05934337 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I7286.AG__BC_2271__Cov_69.13 %
0.05937377 Czechia_EBA.AG:I7201.AG__BC_2300__Cov_61.23%
0.05940383 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:KO1014.AG__BC_1965__Cov_45. 21%
0.05976444 Denmark_SouthScandinavia_LN.SG:NEO739.SG__BC_2033_ _Cov_76.44%
0.05994437 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS006.AG__BC_2285__Cov_10. 98%
0.05998041 Russia_Ivanovo_Fatyanovo_BA.SG:MIL001.SG__BC_2544_ _Cov_15.62%
0.06001606 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:I13469.AG__BC_1995__Cov_70. 75%
0.06020125 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I7281.AG__BC_2244__Cov_65.89 %
0.06027487 Germany_EBA_Unetice.AG:LEU021.AG__BC_1950__Cov_21. 60%

G25 Ancients courtesy of Ajeje Brazorf:
https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/0q39lrsynq7prjc7mm8gq/G25-Ancients.txt?rlkey=33i5tycf3nd6glv1w7z6dleco&st=tz5ppp6c&dl=0

cass

09-08-2025, 06:59 PM

Which tool are you using to make these maps?

No special geolocation tool, I’m just squeezing everything I can out of AI version 5.

Live The Magic

09-08-2025, 07:30 PM

cass

09-08-2025, 07:45 PM

How is that Sicilian or Balkan person Slav? Also, Slavs kicked off from 300 AD and yet you have 2000 BC to 100 AD on this map :rolleyes:
It’s very simple, he was a Scythian mercenary from Himera.
Italy_Sicily_Himera_480BCE_NEurope.AG:I10949.AG__B C_480__Cov_49.60%

Do you think in the year 300 they fell from the moon?

Kostek

09-08-2025, 09:22 PM

Distance to: Kostek_scaled
0.03340477 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%
0.05120516 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0065__AD_200__Cov_11.62%
0.05210579 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1_noUDG.SG__AD_137__ Cov_15.65%
0.05595375 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.05614758 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.05910666 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.06029988 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.06073064 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.06105695 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.06174668 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.06258001 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.06282923 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.06361918 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R11391.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_38.00%
0.06437807 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0049__AD_200__Cov_12.24%
0.06440823 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10836.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 46.97%
0.06446438 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0100__AD_300__Cov_91.51%
0.06465873 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VII15_1_noUDG.SG__AD_39__C ov_15.38%
0.06488278 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0062__AD_200__Cov_27.16%
0.06526809 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.06543937 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.06563940 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.06668309 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0102__AD_300__Cov_14.17%
0.06706254 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0479__AD_200__Cov_14. 63%
0.06711246 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0498__AD_200__Cov_14. 98%
0.06724019 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%

JohnDoe22

09-08-2025, 09:39 PM

Distance to: JohnDoe
0.05991288 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)

Live The Magic

09-08-2025, 10:44 PM

It’s very simple, he was a Scythian mercenary from Himera.
Italy_Sicily_Himera_480BCE_NEurope.AG:I10949.AG__B C_480__Cov_49.60%

Do you think in the year 300 they fell from the moon?

Yes, precisely. Slavs did not exist before 200 or 300 AD.

Wandal

09-08-2025, 11:23 PM

Yes, precisely. Slavs did not exist before 200 or 300 AD.

Certainly the people never called themselves "Slavs" they called themselves Venedovian and related tribes called themselves Goths.
Venedovians existed as a nation long before 200 AD
Sanskrit is simply written form of archaic "Slavic"

Live The Magic

09-09-2025, 01:36 AM

Certainly the people never called themselves "Slavs" they called themselves Venedovian and related tribes called themselves Goths.
Venedovians existed as a nation long before 200 AD
https://c.tenor.com/hsPFIx_buYIAAAAd/tenor.gif

^
You when you wrote the quote above

Sanskrit is simply written form of archaic "Slavic"
So Slavs = Indians? Yeah, sure... Slavs are just relatively modern group of people - the latest cultural group in Europe formed between 200 and 300 AD. There's nothing embarrassing about it, but its just a fact.

Wandal

09-09-2025, 02:53 AM

You don't have basic English comprehension skills.
Sanksrit language was not Indian.

Vessna

09-09-2025, 06:56 AM

Target: Vessna_scaled
Distance: 1.1692% / 0.01169247
33.8 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
20.6 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
20.2 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
13.4 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
7.0 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
3.0 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
1.0 Russia_VolgaOka_IA
0.8 Russia_Buryatia_Xiongnu
0.2 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G

Distance to: Vessna_scaled
0.04046605 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%
0.04936126 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VII15_1_noUDG.SG__AD_39__C ov_15.38%
0.04973032 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1_noUDG.SG__AD_137__ Cov_15.65%
0.05723722 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10832.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 45.08%
0.05900567 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG:R10840.SG__AD _369__Cov_50.09%
0.05940141 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10838.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 53.83%
0.06030097 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.06227481 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10836.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 46.97%
0.06286709 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.06372704 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.06521806 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%
0.06620328 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.06641714 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.06797090 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.06797568 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0060__AD_200__Cov_71.91%
0.06842439 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10830.SG__AD_438__Cov_ 52.63%
0.06885004 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.06898114 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.06905673 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0065__AD_200__Cov_11.62%
0.06913236 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.06944962 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.06951977 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0049__AD_200__Cov_12.24%
0.06955599 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.06958101 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0059__AD_200__Cov_78.42%

Vessna

09-09-2025, 07:35 AM

Yes, precisely. Slavs did not exist before 200 or 300 AD.

This statement is as gay as your name. Slavs did not magically “form” out of nowhere, and they certainly existed long before 200-300 AD. The earliest Proto-Slavs (along with their closest relatives the proto-Balts) lived in Eastern Europe as early as 1500-1000 BCE as a part of the larger Indo-European group. Corded Ware and Battle Axe cultures are considered predecessors of the proto-Balto-Slavic people. As a cultural and linguistic group Slavs developed after splitting from the Baltic group in the Iron Age.

Live The Magic

09-09-2025, 12:39 PM

This statement is as gay as your name. Slavs did not magically “form” out of nowhere, and they certainly existed long before 200-300 AD. The earliest Proto-Slavs (along with their closest relatives the proto-Balts) lived in Eastern Europe as early as 1500-1000 BCE as a part of the larger Indo-European group. Corded Ware and Battle Axe cultures are considered predecessors of the proto-Balto-Slavic people. As a cultural and linguistic group Slavs developed after splitting from the Baltic group in the Iron Age.

Slavs as a unique cultural group formed 200-300 AD somewhere in Ukraine and nobody mentions them prior, so what's the big deal anyway?

The rest is your (Belo)Russian mythomania

Live The Magic

09-09-2025, 12:42 PM

You don't have basic English comprehension skills.
Sanksrit language was not Indian.

Venadovians only exist in your mind, not to mention you tried to link European group of people with Indian group? So what? Slavs are some sort of albino Indians according to you? Give me a break, please...

JohnDoe22

09-09-2025, 12:53 PM

Target: JohnDo3
Distance: 0.8710% / 0.00870987
22.0 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
17.8 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
12.6 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
12.4 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
10.2 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
9.2 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
4.8 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
3.8 Lithuania_Late_Antiquity_low_res
3.2 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
3.0 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
1.0 Slovakia_Poprad.SG

Distance to: JohnDo3
0.03736491 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.04413009 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2208.SG__AD_300__Cov_52.97%
0.04692591 Slovakia_Poprad.SG:DA119_noUDG.SG__AD_350__Cov_42. 50%
0.04764746 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2211.SG__AD_400__Cov_66.93%
0.04794873 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG:R2202.SG__AD_25 __Cov_50.62%
0.04999083 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR128__AD_295__C ov_34.01%
0.05583941 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%
0.05697073 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2207.SG__AD_450__Cov_48.45%
0.05697502 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2210.SG__AD_400__Cov_54.90%
0.05710105 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G:R2206.SG__AD_450__Cov_56.49%
0.05751740 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.05817794 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10620.SG_ _AD_9__Cov_40.52%
0.05863245 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.05987671 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0062__AD_200__Cov_27.16%
0.06038609 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.06248018 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0111__AD_300__Cov_11.59%
0.06307229 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0059__AD_200__Cov_78.42%
0.06332584 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR123__AD_350__C ov_51.83%
0.06406230 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA:UKR102__AD_350__C ov_55.35%
0.06554087 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0088__AD_300__Cov_29.37%
0.06605748 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.06633734 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10631.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_44.50%
0.06677571 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.06677644 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0040__AD_200__Cov_17.76%
0.06687309 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA:PCA0479__AD_200__Cov_14. 63%

majevica

09-09-2025, 02:04 PM

Target: scaled
Distance: 1.4310% / 0.01430999 | R5P
38.8 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
29.8 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
19.6 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
8.2 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
3.6 Russia_Urals_Sarmatian

Vessna

09-09-2025, 02:54 PM

Slavs as a unique cultural group formed 200-300 AD somewhere in Ukraine and nobody mentions them prior, so what's the big deal anyway?

The rest is your (Belo)Russian mythomania

That information is outdated :rolleyes:

Live The Magic

09-09-2025, 08:38 PM

That information is outdated :rolleyes:

How is that information outdated? Slavs literally have no material culture prior to that.

cass

09-09-2025, 08:49 PM

Slavs as a unique cultural group formed 200-300 AD somewhere in Ukraine and nobody mentions them prior, so what's the big deal anyway?

The rest is your (Belo)Russian mythomania

Brilliant, now elaborate on how they came into being.

Live The Magic

09-09-2025, 09:27 PM

Brilliant, now elaborate on how they came into being.

The older archaeological analysis identified Przeworsk (Poland), Zarubintsy (Ukraine), and Jastorf (northwestern Germany) as the three primary cultural groups that researchers connect to early Slavs.

Modern research shows that Przeworsk together with Jastorf do not belong to Slavic origin. The Przeworsk culture links to Germanic tribes such as Vandals and Lugii who trace their roots to Celtic La Tene heritage while Jastorf stands as a definite association with early Germanic tribes. The ancient DNA evidence proves that these populations did not form the base for Slavic ancestry.

The Zarubintsy culture represents the primary ancestral base of Slavs although its population existed before Slavs became a recognized ethnic group. Zarubintsy gave birth to the Kiev culture which flourished between the 2nd and 4th centuries AD before giving way to the Prague-Korchak culture which emerged in the 5th to 6th centuries AD as the first distinctively Slavic archaeological cultures.

Steppe groups like Sarmatians along with northern Balkan/Carpathian populations contributed to Slavic ethnogenesis through cultural interactions and smaller genetic mixing during Late Antiquity.

The most commonly accepted historical progression follows this sequence:

Zarubintsy --> Kiev --> Prague–Korchak --> Early Slavs

cass

09-09-2025, 09:36 PM

The older archaeological analysis identified Przeworsk (Poland), Zarubintsy (Ukraine), and Jastorf (northwestern Germany) as the three primary cultural groups that researchers connect to early Slavs.

Modern research shows that Przeworsk together with Jastorf do not belong to Slavic origin. The Przeworsk culture links to Germanic tribes such as Vandals and Lugii who trace their roots to Celtic La Tene heritage while Jastorf stands as a definite association with early Germanic tribes. The ancient DNA evidence proves that these populations did not form the base for Slavic ancestry.

The Zarubintsy culture represents the primary ancestral base of Slavs although its population existed before Slavs became a recognized ethnic group. Zarubintsy gave birth to the Kiev culture which flourished between the 2nd and 4th centuries AD before giving way to the Prague-Korchak culture which emerged in the 5th to 6th centuries AD as the first distinctively Slavic archaeological cultures.

Steppe groups like Sarmatians along with northern Balkan/Carpathian populations contributed to Slavic ethnogenesis through cultural interactions and smaller genetic mixing during Late Antiquity.

The most commonly accepted historical progression follows this sequence:

Zarubintsy --> Kiev --> Prague–Korchak --> Early Slavs

You don’t need to strain yourself by asking AI – this is the true power of genetic research: it allows us to reach much further back with greater certainty, bypassing the period of the Urnfield cultures (with cremation rites), all the way to the Trzciniec culture, the Corded Ware culture, the Yamnaya, and even further back to the emergence of hominids.

Live The Magic

09-09-2025, 09:52 PM

You don’t need to strain yourself by asking AI

https://i.ibb.co/1GjHCZSk/Screenshot-from-2025-09-09-22-47-58.png

You're just salty I completely demolished your Slavic-Indian quasi-theory.

this is the true power of genetic research: it allows us to reach much further back with greater certainty, bypassing the period of the Urnfield cultures (with cremation rites), all the way to the Trzciniec culture, the Corded Ware culture, the Yamnaya, and even further back to the emergence of hominids.

As I explained, in relationship to other, older cultures in Eastern Europe and Slavic culture there are few inconsistencies to firmly say "yes, that's a Slavic culture". Sorry, but that's how archaeology works.

cass

09-09-2025, 10:10 PM

cass

09-09-2025, 10:18 PM

https://i.ibb.co/1GjHCZSk/Screenshot-from-2025-09-09-22-47-58.png

You're just salty I completely demolished your Slavic-Indian quasi-theory.

....

Such gibberish could only come from AI, without any human verification.

Wandal

09-09-2025, 10:57 PM

-It was confirmed that cremation burials from the Wielbark culture belong to the Goths – no surprise here.

-The crucial part of Stolarek’s study is the analysis of local admixture in the Goths, which sheds light on the populations they encountered in Poland.

One of the important keys to this is the identity of "Goths." The word comes from Sumerian. It is used across cultures to describe Nordic peoples wherever they reside. Until "scholars" decided that Goths only means "Germanic."

L.A. Waddell's books have the information on this including sources and pictures of seals.

Terms like "Slavs" are meaningless. We know the names of these peoples. The Venedovians settled the current territory after moving out of the southern Volga river region (acquiring some of a Pontid phenotype population).

Usernotfound

09-09-2025, 11:27 PM

Distance to: JohnDoe
0.05991288 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)

Koliko germana dobijas?

Target: Serbian
Distance: 0.7010% / 0.00700997
54.4 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
18.0 Thracians
13.8 East_Med
13.6 Illyrians
0.2 Turkic

Target::)
Distance: 2.5018% / 0.02501818
42.4 Illyrians
42.2 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
15.4 East_Med

Illyrians,0.1246363,0.1530065,0.0286612,-0.0149657,0.0284153,-0.007623,0.0013708,-0.0005385,0.0001703,0.0266368,0.0039517,0.0076183,-0.0197472,-0.006606,-0.0102242,-0.0051932,0.0077795,0.0008023,0.0041898,-0.007462,-0.0088593,0.00237,-0.0026705,0.0062458,-0.0061872
Thracians,0.1198936,0.1621462,0.0083386,-0.0534027,0.0308433,-0.0219704,0.0001566,-0.0023589,0.0109532,0.0426837,0.0048716,0.0078929,-0.0168317,0.0014372,-0.0222429,-0.0135831,0.0072727,0.0039836,0.008785,-0.0112277,-0.0096219,0.0031049,-0.0017256,0.0012987,-0.0062137
East_Med,0.1088603,0.1512326,-0.0327342,-0.0663313,0.0018342,-0.0248659,-0.000846,-0.0068029,-0.004884,0.021861,0.0037739,0.0037886,-0.0084022,0.0028736,-0.0156133,-0.0045346,0.0045791,0.0013278,0.0049977,-0.006433,-0.0036335,0.0016272,-0.0010156,-0.0010024,-0.0015568
Germanic,0.1329833,0.1332035,0.0680702,0.0623928,0 .039084,0.0201267,0.0062668,0.007615,0.0029657,-0.0056192,-0.0055753,0.0044458,-0.0047322,-0.0036242,0.0219867,0.0038008,-0.0094962,0.0019848,0.0047555,0.002793,0.0082768,0 .0057292,0.0008832,0.0144598,0.0017762
Turkic,0.0693445,-0.1594382,0.0349706,0.0100006,-0.0458132,-0.0054545,0.0061191,0.0063813,-0.0148987,-0.0117788,-0.0162201,-0.0019251,0.0002601,-0.0116926,0.0088427,0.0045359,-0.0057093,0.001954,0.0035148,0.0012554,-0.0150887,0.0001807,-0.0047569,-0.0018933,-0.0021326
Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62),0.127812,0.124484,0. 073964,0.06671,0.041457,0.026225,0.008911,0.012253 ,-0.001316,-0.024234,-0.002399,-0.010099,0.01606,0.022987,-0.009555,0.000252,0.0042,-0.00076,0.003363,0.000347,-0.003053,-0.004037,0.007041,-0.005177,0.00125

Live The Magic

09-10-2025, 12:39 AM

My humble summary of recent genetic studies on the population of Poland during the Roman Period and beyond:

Stolarek’s research

-It was confirmed that cremation burials from the Wielbark culture belong to the Goths – no surprise here.

-The crucial part of Stolarek’s study is the analysis of local admixture in the Goths, which sheds light on the populations they encountered in Poland.

-This local admixture turned out to be either Baltic or (in most cases) Slavic.

Unfortunately, Stolarek examined only 4 individuals from the almost exclusively cremation-based Przeworsk culture (Gąski, Czarnówko). Apart from one case, they differ from the Early Medieval population.

https://i.ibb.co/LDY7JFtk/Zrzut-ekranu-9-9-2025-22431-genomebiology-biomedcentral-com.jpg (https://ibb.co/PsFH9Lhm)

Gretzinger’s research

-He analyzed several individuals from caves in southern Poland dating to the Przeworsk period.
However, these were not typical Przeworsk burials – they may just as well represent outsiders, killed and buried outside of the local rite.

-Strangely, and for unclear reasons, Gretzinger did not include the Trzciniec culture as a reference population, focusing instead only on groups from the far edges of Europe.

Conclusions

There is still no clear answer regarding the continuity or discontinuity of the Trzciniec population on Polish territory.

https://i.ibb.co/YC4BDhV/gre2.jpg (https://ibb.co/PLsGTgV)
https://i.ibb.co/wFLSxvs9/gre1.jpg (https://ibb.co/8LBrShcW)

Cherry-picking and wishful thinking combined. From Stolarek's papers you quote you can see clear replacement in Wielbark culture. Y-DNA haplogroups, still dominant in Scandinavia, got replaced by a common Eastern European haplogroups. Also, while there's some continuity in autosomal profile the Iron Age samples show shift to Northern and Central Europe in comparison to Medieval era.

So while the female population largely remained, there was definitively arrival of people from the east - especially men.

And I don't even need to start to talking about material culture. Later Slavic cultures were simpler, less hierarchical - and there are many examples that prove that, from burial types to way more simpler armor and weapon technologies.

Such gibberish could only come from AI, without any human verification.

I think my AI just popped an error:

TypeError: cass() missing 1 required positional argument: 'counterargument'

JohnDoe22

09-10-2025, 01:04 AM

Koliko germana dobijas?

Target: Serbian
Distance: 0.7010% / 0.00700997
54.4 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
18.0 Thracians
13.8 East_Med
13.6 Illyrians
0.2 Turkic

Target::)
Distance: 2.5018% / 0.02501818
42.4 Illyrians
42.2 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
15.4 East_Med

Illyrians,0.1246363,0.1530065,0.0286612,-0.0149657,0.0284153,-0.007623,0.0013708,-0.0005385,0.0001703,0.0266368,0.0039517,0.0076183,-0.0197472,-0.006606,-0.0102242,-0.0051932,0.0077795,0.0008023,0.0041898,-0.007462,-0.0088593,0.00237,-0.0026705,0.0062458,-0.0061872
Thracians,0.1198936,0.1621462,0.0083386,-0.0534027,0.0308433,-0.0219704,0.0001566,-0.0023589,0.0109532,0.0426837,0.0048716,0.0078929,-0.0168317,0.0014372,-0.0222429,-0.0135831,0.0072727,0.0039836,0.008785,-0.0112277,-0.0096219,0.0031049,-0.0017256,0.0012987,-0.0062137
East_Med,0.1088603,0.1512326,-0.0327342,-0.0663313,0.0018342,-0.0248659,-0.000846,-0.0068029,-0.004884,0.021861,0.0037739,0.0037886,-0.0084022,0.0028736,-0.0156133,-0.0045346,0.0045791,0.0013278,0.0049977,-0.006433,-0.0036335,0.0016272,-0.0010156,-0.0010024,-0.0015568
Germanic,0.1329833,0.1332035,0.0680702,0.0623928,0 .039084,0.0201267,0.0062668,0.007615,0.0029657,-0.0056192,-0.0055753,0.0044458,-0.0047322,-0.0036242,0.0219867,0.0038008,-0.0094962,0.0019848,0.0047555,0.002793,0.0082768,0 .0057292,0.0008832,0.0144598,0.0017762
Turkic,0.0693445,-0.1594382,0.0349706,0.0100006,-0.0458132,-0.0054545,0.0061191,0.0063813,-0.0148987,-0.0117788,-0.0162201,-0.0019251,0.0002601,-0.0116926,0.0088427,0.0045359,-0.0057093,0.001954,0.0035148,0.0012554,-0.0150887,0.0001807,-0.0047569,-0.0018933,-0.0021326
Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62),0.127812,0.124484,0. 073964,0.06671,0.041457,0.026225,0.008911,0.012253 ,-0.001316,-0.024234,-0.002399,-0.010099,0.01606,0.022987,-0.009555,0.000252,0.0042,-0.00076,0.003363,0.000347,-0.003053,-0.004037,0.007041,-0.005177,0.00125

Target: JohnDoe
Distance: 0.9657% / 0.00965740
56.2 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
22.2 Illyrians
15.6 Thracians
4.8 Germanic
1.2 East_Med

Ne uopste puno na ovome :D

JohnDoe22

09-10-2025, 01:11 AM

Distance to: JohnDoe
0.05991288 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.06213424 Germanic
0.07086198 Illyrians
0.11620734 Thracians
0.14206859 East_Med
0.32163795 Turkic

What sample is used for germans? It's nice refreshing I got just around 5%

Dick

09-10-2025, 12:28 PM

Koliko germana dobijas?

Target: Serbian
Distance: 0.7010% / 0.00700997
54.4 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
18.0 Thracians
13.8 East_Med
13.6 Illyrians
0.2 Turkic

Target::)
Distance: 2.5018% / 0.02501818
42.4 Illyrians
42.2 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
15.4 East_Med

Illyrians,0.1246363,0.1530065,0.0286612,-0.0149657,0.0284153,-0.007623,0.0013708,-0.0005385,0.0001703,0.0266368,0.0039517,0.0076183,-0.0197472,-0.006606,-0.0102242,-0.0051932,0.0077795,0.0008023,0.0041898,-0.007462,-0.0088593,0.00237,-0.0026705,0.0062458,-0.0061872
Thracians,0.1198936,0.1621462,0.0083386,-0.0534027,0.0308433,-0.0219704,0.0001566,-0.0023589,0.0109532,0.0426837,0.0048716,0.0078929,-0.0168317,0.0014372,-0.0222429,-0.0135831,0.0072727,0.0039836,0.008785,-0.0112277,-0.0096219,0.0031049,-0.0017256,0.0012987,-0.0062137
East_Med,0.1088603,0.1512326,-0.0327342,-0.0663313,0.0018342,-0.0248659,-0.000846,-0.0068029,-0.004884,0.021861,0.0037739,0.0037886,-0.0084022,0.0028736,-0.0156133,-0.0045346,0.0045791,0.0013278,0.0049977,-0.006433,-0.0036335,0.0016272,-0.0010156,-0.0010024,-0.0015568
Germanic,0.1329833,0.1332035,0.0680702,0.0623928,0 .039084,0.0201267,0.0062668,0.007615,0.0029657,-0.0056192,-0.0055753,0.0044458,-0.0047322,-0.0036242,0.0219867,0.0038008,-0.0094962,0.0019848,0.0047555,0.002793,0.0082768,0 .0057292,0.0008832,0.0144598,0.0017762
Turkic,0.0693445,-0.1594382,0.0349706,0.0100006,-0.0458132,-0.0054545,0.0061191,0.0063813,-0.0148987,-0.0117788,-0.0162201,-0.0019251,0.0002601,-0.0116926,0.0088427,0.0045359,-0.0057093,0.001954,0.0035148,0.0012554,-0.0150887,0.0001807,-0.0047569,-0.0018933,-0.0021326
Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62),0.127812,0.124484,0. 073964,0.06671,0.041457,0.026225,0.008911,0.012253 ,-0.001316,-0.024234,-0.002399,-0.010099,0.01606,0.022987,-0.009555,0.000252,0.0042,-0.00076,0.003363,0.000347,-0.003053,-0.004037,0.007041,-0.005177,0.00125

Target: Resavac
Distance: 1.7070% / 0.01706993
55.0 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
24.2 East_Med
13.0 Thracians
7.4 Germanic
0.4 Turkic

Usernotfound

09-10-2025, 01:07 PM

Vessna

09-10-2025, 02:37 PM

Distance to: Vessna_scaled
0.01903301 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.07120378 Germanic
0.13311327 Illyrians
0.17710297 Thracians
0.19891794 East_Med
0.31506243 Turkic

Target: Vessna_scaled
Distance: 1.8913% / 0.01891252
99.4 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
0.6 Turkic

JohnDoe22

09-10-2025, 03:59 PM

Dick veci german od tebe hehe ipak je I1
Germani iz Panonije, average.

Da, haha..pa meni bolje tako :D
Pojede mi slovene nekad germanic

Usernotfound

09-10-2025, 05:54 PM

Dušan

09-10-2025, 06:28 PM

Koliko germana dobijas?

Target: Serbian
Distance: 0.7010% / 0.00700997
54.4 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
18.0 Thracians
13.8 East_Med
13.6 Illyrians
0.2 Turkic

Target::)
Distance: 2.5018% / 0.02501818
42.4 Illyrians
42.2 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
15.4 East_Med

Illyrians,0.1246363,0.1530065,0.0286612,-0.0149657,0.0284153,-0.007623,0.0013708,-0.0005385,0.0001703,0.0266368,0.0039517,0.0076183,-0.0197472,-0.006606,-0.0102242,-0.0051932,0.0077795,0.0008023,0.0041898,-0.007462,-0.0088593,0.00237,-0.0026705,0.0062458,-0.0061872
Thracians,0.1198936,0.1621462,0.0083386,-0.0534027,0.0308433,-0.0219704,0.0001566,-0.0023589,0.0109532,0.0426837,0.0048716,0.0078929,-0.0168317,0.0014372,-0.0222429,-0.0135831,0.0072727,0.0039836,0.008785,-0.0112277,-0.0096219,0.0031049,-0.0017256,0.0012987,-0.0062137
East_Med,0.1088603,0.1512326,-0.0327342,-0.0663313,0.0018342,-0.0248659,-0.000846,-0.0068029,-0.004884,0.021861,0.0037739,0.0037886,-0.0084022,0.0028736,-0.0156133,-0.0045346,0.0045791,0.0013278,0.0049977,-0.006433,-0.0036335,0.0016272,-0.0010156,-0.0010024,-0.0015568
Germanic,0.1329833,0.1332035,0.0680702,0.0623928,0 .039084,0.0201267,0.0062668,0.007615,0.0029657,-0.0056192,-0.0055753,0.0044458,-0.0047322,-0.0036242,0.0219867,0.0038008,-0.0094962,0.0019848,0.0047555,0.002793,0.0082768,0 .0057292,0.0008832,0.0144598,0.0017762
Turkic,0.0693445,-0.1594382,0.0349706,0.0100006,-0.0458132,-0.0054545,0.0061191,0.0063813,-0.0148987,-0.0117788,-0.0162201,-0.0019251,0.0002601,-0.0116926,0.0088427,0.0045359,-0.0057093,0.001954,0.0035148,0.0012554,-0.0150887,0.0001807,-0.0047569,-0.0018933,-0.0021326
Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62),0.127812,0.124484,0. 073964,0.06671,0.041457,0.026225,0.008911,0.012253 ,-0.001316,-0.024234,-0.002399,-0.010099,0.01606,0.022987,-0.009555,0.000252,0.0042,-0.00076,0.003363,0.000347,-0.003053,-0.004037,0.007041,-0.005177,0.00125

Target: Dušan_scaled
Distance: 2.2075% / 0.02207478
61.6 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
37.2 Thracians
1.2 Turkic

17571imre

09-11-2025, 07:10 PM

Target: MH_scaled
Distance: 1.4535% / 0.01453507
39.8 Polish_Medieval_Average(n=62)
25.2 Thracians
23.2 Germanic
6.0 Illyrians
4.6 East_Med
1.2 Turkic

Perfect for me!

cass

09-11-2025, 09:36 PM

Cherry-picking and wishful thinking combined. From Stolarek's papers you quote you can see clear replacement in Wielbark culture. Y-DNA haplogroups, still dominant in Scandinavia, got replaced by a common Eastern European haplogroups. Also, while there's some continuity in autosomal profile the Iron Age samples show shift to Northern and Central Europe in comparison to Medieval era.

So while the female population largely remained, there was definitively arrival of people from the east - especially men.

And I don't even need to start to talking about material culture. Later Slavic cultures were simpler, less hierarchical - and there are many examples that prove that, from burial types to way more simpler armor and weapon technologies.

I think my AI just popped an error:

TypeError: cass() missing 1 required positional argument: 'counterargument'

And which exact haplogroups came from the East? There is no rise in N1. M458 is highly local. You forget that in the area of Poland, apart from the passage of the Goths, there were also two parallel types of cremation burials: the Wielbark culture accompanying inhumation burials, and the Przeworsk culture, almost entirely cremation-based.

Peterski

09-11-2025, 09:47 PM

I will probably calculate a new Polish_Medieval_Average because now we have also samples from Grodek.

cass

09-11-2025, 10:08 PM

I will probably calculate a new Polish_Medieval_Average because now we have also samples from Grodek.

And do you know when one can expect the Lusatian G25 samples?

https://i.imgur.com/UebjbAK.png

Peterski

09-11-2025, 11:32 PM

And do you know when one can expect the Lusatian G25 samples?

There are already G25 coordinates for this sample:

PC2001,0.137726,0.122879,0.064488,0.048127,0.04554 7,0.016733,0.00423,0.010153,0.000205,-0.004191,-0.002111,-0.004046,-0.007879,-0.001927,0.0038,0.006895,0.011213,-0.005574,0.005531,-0.002626,-0.005989,-0.003462,-0.003821,-0.006386,-0.010179

userNa

10-29-2025, 10:34 PM

Target: userna
Chebyshev distance: 0.6217% / 0.00621728
49.4 Romania_Histria_RomanImperial
13.8 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
8.8 Egypt_Ptolemaic_contam
8.2 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
7.2 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
5.8 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
1.8 Russia_Late_Xiongnu_Sarmatian
1.6 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
1.4 Ukraine_Chernivtsi_Chernyakhiv_3_IA
1.0 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Sarmatian_SivDon_IA
0.4 Poland_Pruszcz_Gdanski_IA_oAnatolia_IA
0.4 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
0.2 Russia_Buryatia_Xiongnu

nrinehi

11-01-2025, 01:08 AM

Distance to: nrinehi
0.03443832 Poland_Maslomecz_IA_oEastEurope:PCA0103__AD_300__C ov_74.27%
0.04630125 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VIII9_1_noUDG.SG__AD_137__ Cov_15.65%
0.05279821 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10836.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 46.97%
0.06139299 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10830.SG__AD_438__Cov_ 52.63%
0.06284701 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10832.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 45.08%
0.06307016 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG:s19_VII15_1_noUDG.SG__AD_39__C ov_15.38%
0.06462216 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG:R10840.SG__AD _369__Cov_50.09%
0.06505402 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0065__AD_200__Cov_11.62%
0.06505475 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0027__AD_200__Cov_26.91%
0.06738728 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR126__AD_228__C ov_34.30%
0.06766405 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG:R10838.SG__AD_475__Cov_ 53.83%
0.06817512 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0052__AD_200__Cov_13.55%
0.07024760 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10634.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_60.11%
0.07038445 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0089__AD_300__Cov_30.27%
0.07100202 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R10636.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_56.81%
0.07181905 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0063__AD_200__Cov_28.45%
0.07194598 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG:R11391.SG_ _AD_75__Cov_38.00%
0.07223217 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0049__AD_200__Cov_12.24%
0.07286624 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_1_IA:UKR125__AD_350__C ov_28.45%
0.07364469 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0102__AD_300__Cov_14.17%
0.07414378 Lithuania_Late_Antiquity_low_res:DA171__AD_350__Co v_9.77%
0.07486979 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0100__AD_300__Cov_91.51%
0.07510877 Slovakia_Zohor_Germanic_Roman.SG:R2204.SG__AD_150_ _Cov_63.08%
0.07538209 Poland_Kowalewko_IA:PCA0046__AD_200__Cov_81.13%
0.07560858 Poland_Maslomecz_IA:PCA0092__AD_300__Cov_32.64%

Target: nrinehi
Distance: 1.4642% / 0.01464152 | ADC: 0.25x RC
38.8 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
30.4 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
18.2 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
6.8 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Sarmatian_SivDon_IA
5.8 Poland_Kowalewko_IA

Dick

11-01-2025, 01:47 AM

Cherry-picking and wishful thinking combined. From Stolarek's papers you quote you can see clear replacement in Wielbark culture. Y-DNA haplogroups, still dominant in Scandinavia, got replaced by a common Eastern European haplogroups. Also, while there's some continuity in autosomal profile the Iron Age samples show shift to Northern and Central Europe in comparison to Medieval era.

So while the female population largely remained, there was definitively arrival of people from the east - especially men.

And I don't even need to start to talking about material culture. Later Slavic cultures were simpler, less hierarchical - and there are many examples that prove that, from burial types to way more simpler armor and weapon technologies.

I think my AI just popped an error:

TypeError: cass() missing 1 required positional argument: 'counterargument'

Here's a reconstruction of an I1 Goth from Wielbark. Take his reconstruction with a grain of salt perhaps but it's obvious his head was smashed in with a club or hammer from above, perhaps from riding a horse. It was genocide of the local men and they took their women.

https://i.imgur.com/Hq3VuEa.jpeg

I have plenty of these I1 Wielbark matches on Ftdna and as you can see, their Mtdna's are all over the place. Here's just a few.

https://i.imgur.com/JwjMdNt.png
https://i.imgur.com/pPcEVIi.png
https://i.imgur.com/l8AVUXx.png

cass

11-01-2025, 11:08 AM

Here's a reconstruction of an I1 Goth from Wielbark. Take his reconstruction with a grain of salt perhaps but it's obvious his head was smashed in with a club or hammer from above, perhaps from riding a horse. It was genocide of the local men and they took their women.

https://i.imgur.com/Hq3VuEa.jpeg

I have plenty of these I1 Wielbark matches on Ftdna and as you can see, their Mtdna's are all over the place. Here's just a few.

Table 37 from Gretzinger et al.
https://i.ibb.co/Pb4fP21/tabs37.png (https://ibb.co/zLb0B3P)

Without a doubt, this interaction did occur. PolandEMA is the main heir to the Wielbark skeletal tradition.

Katarzyna

11-01-2025, 12:54 PM

Beowulf

11-01-2025, 01:33 PM

Target: Beowulf_Scaled
Distance: 0.0095% / 0.00951977
55.4 South_European_Romance_(Catalan_Northeast_Spain)
12.1 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
11.0 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
10.9 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
4.1 South_European_Romance_(Portuguese)
3.3 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
2.2 Ukraine_Cherkasy_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
1.0 South_European_Romance_(Catalan_Balearic_Islands_S pain)

Added Iberian samples for me.

cass

11-01-2025, 08:08 PM

Target: Katarzyna_AncestryDNA(real)
Distance: 0.5991% / 0.00599080
23.2 Poland_Weklice_WielbarkCulture_Roman.SG
22.8 Lithuania_Bailuliai_BarrowCulture.SG
21.8 Lithuania_Marvele_Roman.SG
8.4 Slovakia_TesarkeMlynany_Germanic_MigrationPeriod.S G
8.0 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
6.0 Poland_Kowalewko_IA
4.6 Slovakia_Mikusovce_LaTene_Roman.SG
2.8 Russia_IA_Ingria.SG
2.0 Ukraine_Poltava_Chernyakhiv_2_IA
0.4 Russia_VolgaOka_IA

Oh no Wielbark being highest xD

The question is: which sample does this refer to? This dataset also includes living Slavic individuals alongside skeletal burials.

https://i.ibb.co/svyng296/Zrzut-ekranu-2025-11-01-200515.png (https://ibb.co/1f810LGd)

cass

11-02-2025, 12:05 AM

I recommend an interesting interview with archaeologist Andrei Oblomsky. It largely explains the origins of the Eastern Slavs within the Pomeranian cultural context, which offers a way to interpret the dual development of Slavic cultural branches.

https://rodinaslonov.ru/epohi/antichnost/rs-184-zarubineczkaya-kultura/

Transcript of the program “Homeland of the Elephants” featuring Andrei Mikhailovich Oblomsky, Doctor of Historical Sciences and head of the Department of Archaeology of the Migration Period and Early Middle Ages at the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

M. Rodin: Today we continue our study of the history of the Slavs. We’ve already spoken about Slavic archaeology with Igor Olegovich Gavritukhin. He gave us a broad retrospective overview: how these cultures formed, what archaeology can tell us about the ethnogenesis of the Slavs. We discussed how, roughly in the first millennium BC, toward its end, the Slavic thread disappears. Today we’ll try to understand what happened then and from which cultures the archaeological cultures of the Slavs emerged.

Essentially today we’ll discuss the Zarubintsy culture. It represents the lower layers of the archaeological cultures associated with the Slavs. But this is where problems begin. Not everyone identifies the Zarubintsy culture with the Slavs. However, the cultures that arose after its collapse are definitely Slavic.

A. Oblomsky: Let’s put it this way: we can be absolutely certain that—as Gavritukhin noted—the Prague, Penkovka, and Kolochin cultures are directly connected with Slavic peoples. These are early medieval. We can be sure because the first more or less systematic descriptions of the Slavic peoples date to that period: the accounts of Jordanes and Procopius of Caesarea, from the mid-6th century AD. Earlier sources don’t describe the Slavic peoples; there are brief mentions of certain Venedi who might have been ancestors of the Slavs, and even those are very short, with vague locations, etc. Accordingly, we can only assume that all preceding cultural groups had some relationship to the Slavs, since the Prague, Penkovka, and Kolochin cultures formed on their foundations. The starting point of this chain is the Zarubintsy culture.

M. Rodin: When did the idea arise to treat this culture separately? When was it discovered and distinguished?

A. Oblomsky: The first site—a cemetery near the village of Zarubintsy, not far from modern Kaniv in the Middle Dnieper region of Ukraine—was excavated by Vikentiy Vyacheslavovich Khvoika in 1899. He didn’t single out a culture—one can’t do that from a single site. But he wrote a book about the Slavs of the Middle Dnieper, tracing them from the Trypillian (Cucuteni–Trypillia) and Chalcolithic periods. He also identified the Trypillian culture. Then he studied Scythian antiquities, then the Zarubintsy cemetery, and afterward a cemetery near the village of Chernyakhiv, which he also investigated. And then came Ancient Rus’. He thought this sequence was directly connected with the early Slavs.

Right after this book appeared, opponents emerged—especially in Germany—arguing that the Zarubintsy cemetery, as well as the one at Chernyakhiv, shows similarities to cultures traditionally attributed to ancient Germans.

These two perspectives coexisted until the post-war period, when the Zarubintsy culture was effectively reconstructed. Intensive excavations and research began, and the first comprehensive corpus was published in the 1960s. Previously there had been individual local corpora, notably that of Yevgeniya Vladimirovna Makhno. The first roughly complete corpus was published by Yuri Vladimirovich Kucharenko—if memory serves—in 1966.

Local studies of Zarubintsy monuments then began. Unfortunately, there is currently no complete list. The last overall list was Kucharenko’s. There are local lists for Belarus, Ukraine, etc., but they lack unified criteria and are riddled with contradictions. So at present we can’t say with certainty how many Zarubintsy sites we know. For example, Leonid Davydovich Pobal’s list counts around 500 sites in Belarus; his view is now being revised, and that number has been reduced to 132.

About 70 sites have been investigated so far, including 20 cemeteries—that much we know for sure. The area of the Zarubintsy culture covers the Middle Dnieper region, the Pripyat Polesia, and in the Upper Dnieper region the sites do not reach Smolensk but extend roughly to the latitude of Mahilyow. There is also a fairly wide zone of influence to the south and north, where Zarubintsy sites form certain groupings alongside the traditions of other cultures.

Zarubintsy culture, photo no. 2

The “classical” Zarubintsy culture is divided into three distinct variants: Middle Dnieper, Pripyat-Polesian, and Upper Dnieper. In modern geographic terms, these would correspond respectively to northern Ukraine west and east of the Dnieper, and southern Belarus. Recently, individual sites associated with the Zarubintsy culture have also been discovered on the eastern fringes of Poland.

M. Rodin: Let’s define it chronologically and fit it into the historical picture. As I understand it, it’s the end of the 3rd century BC to the 1st and early 2nd centuries AD.

A. Oblomsky: Not quite. Yes—indeed, late 3rd to early 2nd century BC. A more precise starting date is impossible to pin down because of the resolution of the period. And the latest classical Zarubintsy monuments that retain all the culture’s features date no later than the third quarter of the 1st century AD.

M. Rodin: That was the heyday of the Roman Republic, then the civil wars and the emergence of the Empire. But, as I understand it, Rome’s influence didn’t reach this territory. What was happening in Eastern Europe at that time?

A. Oblomsky: It’s better to speak first about Central Europe, not Eastern Europe, because the Zarubintsy culture is largely a product of Central Europe. Roman influences in Central and Eastern Europe begin to be felt archaeologically much later, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st century AD. Before that, the Celts predominated, exerting a strong cultural impact on the tribes bordering them to the north and east. These include the Jastorf, Oksywie, and Przeworsk cultures—located in Germany and Poland. On our side, we have the Zarubintsy culture, and in Moldova and eastern Romania, the Poienești–Lukașevo culture.

All these cultures share much in common: similarities in dress, ceramic style, and burial rites. To some extent—though the exact degree remains unclear—they’re interrelated. For example, archaeologists of the Leningrad school wrote extensively about the influence of the Poienești–Lukașevo culture on Zarubintsy and about the possible role of Jastorf-culture populations in the formation of Zarubintsy.

So, the Zarubintsy culture belongs to the so-called provincial Celtic world, i.e., the La Tène cultural sphere.

M. Rodin: So Western Europe at that time was a Celtic world that strongly influenced Central Europe—both the Proto-Germans and the Proto-Slavs.

A. Oblomsky: Yes. The Celtic world stretched from Spain to the Carpathians.

Eastern Europe was home to cultural groups that had emerged in the Early Iron Age and had experienced practically no western influence. This includes the early stage of the “corded pottery” (scored/ridged) tradition, the Dnieper–Dvina culture, and preceding Zarubintsy in the Homel region, the Milograd culture.

To the south lay the Scytho-Sarmatian world—and precisely during the Zarubintsy period that world went through a kind of decline, the so-called “dark ages” in Scythian and Sarmatian history. The Sarmatians rapidly spread west of the Dnieper; Scythian settlements disappeared, and burials in Scythian kurgans ceased. Identifying sites from the 3rd–2nd centuries BC in those areas is quite difficult. That’s a separate discussion requiring a Scythologist. This period is accompanied by mass clashes between groups—burned-out settlements, piles of skeletons, etc.

M. Rodin: In other words, some sort of global war broke out there.

A. Oblomsky: Yes—a global war that ended the Scythian world. Remnants of it remain in the south, but in the forest-steppe and forest zones it all vanishes.

M. Rodin: As I understand it, the formation of the Zarubintsy culture is a murky story. Many different archaeological cultures influenced it, and most likely they differed ethnically.

A. Oblomsky: Yes. First, each variant of the Zarubintsy culture has its specific features, and evidently each took shape differently. It seems to share a common element connected (I’m expressing my own view, the view of Maksim Tretyakov’s school; the Leningrad school differs) with the Pomeranian–Podklosz (Pomoran–Face-Urn) culture of central and northern Poland. Monuments of that culture have been found in the Pripyat Polesia and Volhynia—that is, on the territory of the future Zarubintsy culture and nearby. It seems this element underlies all three Zarubintsy variants.

M. Rodin: An autochthonous population?

A. Oblomsky: No—this, too, arrived from the west, from Poland. The indigenous population leaves, in each variant, its characteristic elements. In the southern, Middle Dnieper variant, a late Scythian forest-steppe background is clearly visible in ceramics and some artifacts. Elements of the Milograd culture are clearly visible in the forest zone, though in smaller amounts. In other words, the Pomeranian–Podklosz element still dominates.

Moreover, it’s not entirely clear how the Celtic influence I mentioned spread—through trade links, perhaps religious connections, etc., or through the direct migration of small population groups. If the latter, then in the formation of the Zarubintsy culture there was a significant participation of Germanic, La Tène-influenced populations from Europe.

M. Rodin: You mean Germans influenced by the Celts.

A. Oblomsky: Yes.

M. Rodin: And they in turn influenced the Zarubintsy.

A. Oblomsky: Yes—it’s quite possible there was some influence. In the Seim region—central Seim—a group of those same Germans, the Jastorf culture, is documented. Its beginnings date from the 2nd century BC to the early 1st century AD—essentially the same timeframe as Zarubintsy. There are Zarubintsy elements present there, but another element is very clearly visible—the Jastorf culture of eastern Germany. Among other things, my colleague Rostislav Vsevolodovich Terpilovsky of Kyiv, together with archaeologists from Chernihiv, excavated the Mutin cemetery near Konotop, where a complete set of professional weaponry belonging to those same Germanic tribes of the Celtic era is displayed: swords, sword-scabbard parts, shield bosses, spurs, etc.

Zarubintsy culture, photo no. 3
Zarubintsy culture, photo no. 4

M. Rodin: So there still was an incursion of nearby masses of people.

A. Oblomsky: Yes, there was. Moreover, that cemetery dates to a fairly late period, somewhere between the second half and the end of the 1st century BC. Judging by everything, they were victors—the warriors were buried with full honors.

M. Rodin: So we can say the Zarubintsy culture formed under many different influences.

A. Oblomsky: It turns out it’s not an excessively large number; I listed a few elements considered key. In this case we get three main ones.

M. Rodin: Germanic, Celtic…

A. Oblomsky: Again, not a single potsherd tells you who used it—German, Finn, or someone else. These are reconstructions. Let’s speak of cultures. These are Central European cultures of the provincial Celtic sphere, and Zarubintsy belongs among them. The Pomeranian–Podklosz culture also belongs to that cultural circle. These are the foundations. And this is the first significant penetration of Central European populations to the east. The Zarubintsy culture took shape during this penetration—plus remnants of local cultures, the native population, which was apparently assimilated by these newcomers, and a kind of ongoing “supply” probably flowing from the Celtic provincial cultural sphere.

M. Rodin: When did this culture flourish, and what did it look like? What are its main features?

A. Oblomsky: There are two types of settlements: open settlements and hillforts. In the Pripyat Polesia only open settlements are found; hillforts are also known on the Dnieper. Before the program I mentioned that Dnieper hillforts lie quite close to each other—even five kilometers apart. They’re clearly visible from every side. They were often reused later, especially in the Old Rus’ period, and strongly resemble the Mannerheim Line: a long belt of fortifications running along the high right bank of the Dnieper.

M. Rodin: So relations with southern neighbors weren’t very good?

A. Oblomsky: Or among themselves—that’s also a question. And with our southern neighbors too: nomads always liked to profit at the expense of farmers.

As for fortification systems: southern settlements are characterized by ramparts and scarps—slope cuts—sometimes with one, sometimes with two fortified platforms. Northern settlements have only ramparts, without scarps, and are somewhat smaller in area than the southern ones.

M. Rodin: What size are these settlements?

A. Oblomsky: I can’t say offhand. The largest is Pilipenkova Hora; I think its diameter is about 300 meters. Overall it’s considered a sizable fortified settlement. At least two rings of buildings were found there, each forming an inner courtyard.

M. Rodin: Roughly how many hundreds of people is that? Can you calculate?

A. Oblomsky: It’s easier to count from the cemeteries—two have been almost completely excavated: the Chaplin cemetery in the north and the Pirogov cemetery in the south. Each contains over 200, maybe even 300 graves. They span the entire culture—about 250 years. That means roughly one person died per year. Hence, at any given time about 100–150 people may have lived there.

M. Rodin: And how was it arranged inside?

A. Oblomsky: Internally it varies. First, hillforts had accompanying open settlements. In other words, the hillforts served as fortified centers to which people could retreat if needed.

At the Chaplyne settlement, dwellings form a unified block, while utility rooms, pits, etc. lie separately but adjacent to it—in other words, the entire population ran a joint household.

But Pilipenkova Hora has two large courtyards with houses arranged in a circle—perhaps even ten. And of course they didn’t all exist at the same time; often we can’t determine the precise sequence within that timeframe. As a result, two communities lived there, linked by a common space.

Most cemeteries show a high degree of social homogeneity. These are flat (ground-level) burial fields—Khvoika’s term—without mounds. Generally they lie in roughly the same conditions as the nearby settlements and form clusters of graves. Cremation was practiced. Inhumations are extremely rare, and it isn’t clear whether they belong to Zarubintsy people or outsiders. Cremations are either urned or unurned. In the north, urned cremations predominate; in the south and west, unurned. Traditions differ slightly. Grave goods usually include tableware—often a mug, a bowl, and a pot—as well as personal items. The bones were typically (I’m describing a model—there are nuances) laid separately in a heap; the objects lie directly among the bones. Often the burned bones imitate anatomical order: skull fragments on top, leg bones below, all in one pile.

M. Rodin: So they first cremated separately and then arranged them somehow.

A. Oblomsky: This is a stage where cremation burial in some measure imitates the idea of inhumation.

As for objects: there are two ceramic types—kitchen and tableware. Tableware dominates the graves; kitchenware dominates in settlements. Kitchen pottery consists of thick, hand-formed pots, varying in shape—rounded, biconical. A very odd item is also found that later became characteristic of all Slavic cultures: flat discs without rims or with slightly raised edges—perhaps used for baking pancakes or the like.

M. Rodin: Like a flat pan?

A. Oblomsky: Yes—a pan without sides, with a slightly rounded edge, made of clay.

Tableware is burnished and nicely made, largely reflecting forms of the Celtic provincial style.

Dress: fibulae (brooches) were widely used. Women usually wore two on the shoulders; sometimes brooches were replaced by pins. Between them there was often a chain of bronze links with pendants. Bracelets were common on the wrists, etc. In this period the same outfit appears which, with minor modifications, remains characteristic for the Slavs up to the 7th century.

Zarubintsy culture, photo no. 5

M. Rodin: Can we say this culture was wealthy?

A. Oblomsky: No. Compared with later Roman-period neighboring cultures, especially to the south, their wealth is much more visible. Here the assemblages are quite homogeneous. I once tried to differentiate the Chaplyne cemetery in the north by the objects placed in each grave—nothing particularly distinctive emerged. One grave might have two brooches, another one, another none. Overall there are no sharp gradations of wealth. Moreover, most cemeteries—like the settlements I mentioned—show a similar growth pattern: usually expanding over time from the center to the edges or from one part to another. In other words, family groups (and it’s within such groups that differences begin, where rich and poor become clearer) are identifiable only at one cemetery; at others, not.

It appears to have been a very homogeneous society. Large groups typically ran a shared household. Small nuclear families had not yet branched off, or if they had, the process was only beginning. There was no ostentatious wealth beyond the generally accepted dress of the society.

M. Rodin: Yet you mentioned there’s a central settlement with several villages around it.

A. Oblomsky: Yes.

M. Rodin: So it’s like a single tribe.

A. Oblomsky: Most likely, yes. Whether we can call it a tribe is hard to say, but it’s some group of people clearly attached to a certain center—that much is evident.

M. Rodin: Can we estimate their numbers?

A. Oblomsky: It’s estimated that up to 150 people could live at one time in a fortified settlement and be buried at the accompanying cemetery.

M. Rodin: And the surrounding villages?

A. Oblomsky: Including the surrounding settlements, since the cemetery is common to the entire cluster of sites. It is usually within the fortified settlement, but as I understand it, the inhabitants of the outlying settlements brought their dead there.

M. Rodin: So these were very small groups.

A. Oblomsky: Yes—but that isn’t specific to Zarubintsy; it’s seen almost everywhere in Eastern Europe, except in regions where states form—for example in the Black Sea area, where population concentration is higher.

M. Rodin: So there are no signs yet of complex chiefdoms or political structures.

A. Oblomsky: As far as the Zarubintsy culture is concerned—most likely not. Yes, that group recently found in the Seim region had professional militias. These are typical at least of chiefdoms, if not states. But that has only an indirect relation to Zarubintsy; it contained certain Zarubintsy elements and that’s all—the population there was essentially different.

M. Rodin: Can we reconstruct what kind of economy they had?

A. Oblomsky: We can. We have some data. They engaged in agriculture with a very significant share of animal husbandry—not nomadic, but sedentary, much like in modern villages.

M. Rodin: When the cattle are driven out to pasture in the morning and brought back in the evening.

A. Oblomsky: Yes—something like that. They cultivated mainly millet, emmer wheat, and barley. There’s some debate about whether they grew rye or whether it was a wild plant. Flax was also used as an industrial crop. Pea seeds—i.e., legumes—are present.

Among domestic animals, cattle are the most numerous, followed by small ruminants and pigs. There were also horses, though few. Dogs and chickens are also common.

M. Rodin: This culture didn’t exist very long—around 250–300 years. As I understand it, toward the end of its existence it began splitting into types.

A. Oblomsky: Things happened a bit differently. It didn’t start disintegrating gradually at the end. It’s very much like an explosion. Archaeologists call it the “crisis” or “collapse” of the Zarubintsy culture. It happens very quickly—within one generation. Suddenly, within a single horizon—say, a fibula horizon—burials cease at all cemeteries.

M. Rodin: So the population leaves the area?

A. Oblomsky: Not exactly. Large settlements along the Dnieper are abandoned. The population leaves them—but only partly. Along that same Dnieper, settlements arise in different topographic niches. People move very close to water—down to floodplains, first river terraces, etc. The second feature of these changes is a sharp territorial expansion. An expansion to the west begins. We’re talking about the mid or second half of the 1st century AD. Descendants of Zarubintsy tribes appear in the Carpathians. There they interact closely with local Germans, Thracian tribes, etc. That’s westward. Eastward—the Khoper River, east of the Don—this wave reaches there. They don’t move so far north, but up to the upper Western Dvina.

M. Rodin: So this culture explodes and covers a large area.

A. Oblomsky: It’s like an explosion: many fragments scatter in all directions. The so-called late Zarubintsy cultural groups arise, in which Zarubintsy traditions are usually one element among others. They cover the area from the Carpathians to the Khoper. But they don’t form a continuous pattern—rather isolated fragments.

Zarubintsy and late Zarubintsy cultures
Zarubintsy and late Zarubintsy cultures

It should be noted that at this time mass migrations begin across Eastern Europe. Zarubintsy was not the only culture to experience such a crisis and mass movements. The Sarmatians gradually spread far to the west. In the forest zone appears a population clearly coming from the Baltic region—the late phase of the “ridged pottery” tradition—which spreads quickly south. Also in the forest zone, but further west on the Baltic coast, the Wielbark culture—attributed to the Goths—develops and immediately begins expanding to the southeast.

M. Rodin: Right toward the Zarubintsy area.

A. Oblomsky: Yes. And all these streams eventually converge somewhere in central Belarus.

There’s a very interesting passage in written sources—in Tacitus’ Germania, which Dmitry Alekseyevich Machinsky once noted. Describing the borders of Germania, Tacitus doesn’t give precise geographic references. But he writes that something is happening there: on the border of Germania, near the Suebi, lives a people called the Venedi who ravage everywhere—Germans, Sarmatians, and Finns—in the name of plunder. In other words, Tacitus describes a vast territory where they pillage and spread fear and terror in pursuit of booty. This is very similar to the breakup of the Zarubintsy culture. Germania was written in AD 98—exactly at that time.

M. Rodin: Can we connect these written reports with archaeology? Do we see this plundering and cruelty?

A. Oblomsky: No—it’s very difficult. All these late Zarubintsy settlements are very small and short-lived. There is no obvious plunder, cruelty, or piles of skeletons—nothing like that. But we can infer from the mere fact of expansion and that the Zarubintsy population became very mobile.

Another important social phenomenon occurs: the large communities of the classical Zarubintsy period break up. Homesteads managed by small families appear.

M. Rodin: That is, mom, dad, kids.

A. Oblomsky: A small family may be just mother and father—or include the households of several sons. Usually it comprises one to three buildings.

M. Rodin: Do we see the emergence of a more advanced military complex? Since they spread so widely, they must have fought someone. Do they have weapons?

A. Oblomsky: According to Oleg Aleksandrovich Radyush, elements of the professional rider’s equipment appear in this period. In particular, spurs become common, and later even more widespread. As for weapons—where do we usually get them from when we say there are many? Usually from cemeteries. This population practiced a funerary rite very unhelpful to archaeologists: almost nothing was placed in the graves. You find a few pottery sherds and a heap of burned bones—that’s it. Well, spurs turn up. Some spears are known. But we have very little data on armament from this period. The real novelty is the appearance of horse-riding culture elements.

M. Rodin: So it becomes more aggressive. And what led to these consequences?

A. Oblomsky: Much has been written. Two main theories exist; it depends on the author’s perspective.

The first is the simplest: a chain reaction like falling dominoes. The second, which I consider more likely, says that very serious climate changes occur at this time. Climatologists find it hard to specify exact dates, but roughly at the turn of the eras. Average annual temperature rises significantly, and humidity drops markedly—in other words, a serious drought begins. This explains why people cluster near water sources and why interfluves are depopulated—there’s simply no water; you can’t plant anything.

When such climate changes occur, the reaction of prehistoric people—far more dependent on nature than we are—is usually twofold, as ethnographic data repeatedly confirm. Some change residence, accompanied by numerous forays. Others think about how to settle in place, adapting to the new reality. Both processes usually occur simultaneously. Here we see the same thing in this period.

M. Rodin: So in your view the cause is climate change.

A. Oblomsky: Of course we can’t deny the domino effect. The area—though quite extensive—was populated; clashes certainly occurred. For example, in the fortified settlements of the late “ridged pottery” culture that came into Belarus from the Baltic region to the north, suddenly, at a stage linked to the end of the Zarubintsy culture, many Zarubintsy brooches appear. Where did they come from? I think they were probably taken as loot.

M. Rodin: How did it all end? Generally, when we speak of a cultural crisis, we mean a broader geographic scope. What happened next?

A. Oblomsky: If we follow this line of development, two cultural territorial centers emerge—and, as later history shows, two centers for the formation of two peoples. In the eastern part, the Kyiv culture arose from fragments of the late Zarubintsy horizon—roughly during a stabilization phase. Then, during the Great Migration Period, it gave rise to two cultures: the Kolochin and Penkovka cultures.

M. Rodin: And these are definitely Slavic cultures.

A. Oblomsky: The Penkovka culture is related to the Antae mentioned by Jordanes and Procopius. And the Prague culture, related to the Sclaveni, emerged from the Pripyat late Zarubintsy groups. If we recall Procopius’ and Jordanes’ accounts of these peoples, there’s a very interesting point: both emphasize that these different Slavic peoples spoke very similar languages and once had common roots. Apparently there was, at that time, some legend—some distant notion of this community—most likely linked to a later Zarubintsy community.

While Jordanes was a scholar prone to reconstructions, Procopius had more active sources. He served in Belisarius’ army in Italy, where Slavs and Antae served as mercenaries—and, as I understand it, he spoke with them directly.

M. Rodin: So he collected ethnographic material.

A. Oblomsky: Yes. When he describes details of those campaigns, there are many reportorial, very vivid depictions.

M. Rodin: And how did the transition from the late Zarubintsy horizon to the Prague and Penkovka cultures proceed? Was it gradual?

A. Oblomsky: The late Zarubintsy community—or rather what we call its horizon—is a kind of subculture with micromigrations. In the end, the more or less homogeneous Kyiv culture emerged, covering a fairly large territory: the entire forest-steppe and wooded Dnieper region, the western part of the Pripyat Polesia. To the east its main mass extends to the Donetsk and Oskol basins. Isolated enclaves are known on the Khoper and even on the Volga near the Samara bend.

Zarubintsy culture, photo no. 7

This culture evolved, split into variants, and suffered a serious blow from the Chernyakhiv population to the south. Part of its people were drawn into the Chernyakhiv sphere, and so on.

A rather complex historical process unfolded. Ultimately, in the 5th century, when the Chernyakhiv people left the left-bank Dnieper and Middle Dnieper regions, this population began moving south, settling the deserted lands. In the course of this movement two cultures emerged: Kolochin and Penkovka—so to speak, the lines of the Antae and the Venedi.

As for the Prague culture, its initial stage—the 4th century—is poorly studied, but it is well known in the 5th and 6th centuries. Then a rapid migration from the Pripyat Polesia to the south and southwest begins, culminating in the settlement of vast territories up to eastern Germany.

Both the Penkovka and Prague populations made their way to the Balkans—well known to us as the historical expansion of the Slavs attested in written sources.

M. Rodin: Is this whole process of cultural change associated with enrichment?

A. Oblomsky: Not enrichment—change. For example, vessel shapes change slightly. Is that a sign of opulence or not? Artistic style changes. An interesting jewelry style with champlevé enamel appears, largely inspired by Roman traditions—this appears in the late Zarubintsy period.

M. Rodin: You mentioned a really small number of sites—just a few dozen—that have been studied. Can we say the Zarubintsy culture has been thoroughly researched, and that new excavations won’t radically change, clarify, or complicate the picture?

A. Oblomsky: No, we cannot. We need to excavate as much as possible. But for some reason there isn’t enough funding now. And that’s very strange to me—somehow the topic of Zarubintsy has gone out of fashion in scholarship. Now only a handful of researchers are doing targeted work at these sites. It’s not that there’s little material. The fact is that specialists like Maksimov, Kucharenko, and others—now deceased—are far from having published their materials in full. They lie in archaeological repositories. They need to be processed and worked through. I’m sure that when such “heroes” (major corpora) are uncovered, our understanding of Zarubintsy will change significantly—maybe not fundamentally, but much will be clarified. Then, of course, we’ll need extensive survey, etc. But as you know, because the Zarubintsy territory lies in two countries—Ukraine and Belarus—the funding situation for science, especially field archaeology, is not the best. It’s hard to say when intensive research will begin—likely only after the economic situation changes.

M. Rodin: As an archaeologist who has studied the Zarubintsy culture, what questions do you still have? What new information do you expect from future research?

A. Oblomsky: There are many questions. First, origins. It has been treated very one-sidedly, mainly based on cemeteries. We need to uncover materials from settlements along the Middle Dnieper. They have been well investigated and are numerous; perhaps a different aspect will emerge.

Then there are issues concerning the late phase of the Zarubintsy culture and its relationship to the late Zarubintsy horizon. Fortunately, in Belarus they’ve begun to work intensively on this. I was at a conference there last year; very interesting materials were presented.

A very important topic is the relationship of Zarubintsy populations with that paramilitary group that held power in the Seim region—the Mutin cemetery. By the way, it would be good to publish Mutin in full; at present only individual burials have been published. There are many questions.

M. Rodin: If we analyze this issue, we’ll better understand relations with Proto-Germanic tribes.

A. Oblomsky: Both with Proto-Germanic peoples and with the natives—with populations of the Scythian circle, and so on.

M. Rodin: This will help us better understand the genealogy.

A. Oblomsky: Yes. What I’ve told you is just a sketch. There are many unexplained details.