New scientific evidence on the history and occupants of Tomb I ("Tomb of Persephone") at Vergina

[Ajeje Brazorf]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440325000834
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergina#Archaeology
PDF: https://files.catbox.moe/mg5bk3.pdf



Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3235_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_9.72%,0.126344,0.136081,0.068636 ,0.03876,0.056318,0.015339,0.004465,0.003231,0.004 909,0.028064,0.003573,0.024578,-0.024232,-0.019955,0.000136,-0.008486,0.003129,-0.010008,0.004777,-0.000625,0.010482,0.003215,0.003328,0.017111,0.005 868
Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3237_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_22.32%,0.133173,0.144205,0.01659 3,-0.046835,0.029852,-0.018686,0.005405,0.005077,-0.001636,0.033167,0.00341,0.007194,-0.021704,-0.006744,-0.012079,-0.000133,0.008736,-0.008108,0.006411,-0.011255,-0.015223,-0.0115,-0.008504,0.011447,-0.001796


1. Sample DEM3235
Context and Identification:
Bone Type: Mandible-A (part of the "on the floor" bones in Tomb I).
Location: Found in Cluster A (southwest corner of the tomb) during the 1978 excavation.
Associated Individual: Linked to Maxilla-A (DEM3233). Both articulate anatomically and share similar dental wear patterns, confirming they belong to the same male individual, termed the In-Situ Male (ISM).

Scientific Analyses:
Ancient DNA (aDNA):

Sex determination: Male (confirmed via molecular sexing using Py_compute, Sex DetErrmine, and BeXY).

Contamination checks: Low contamination estimates (<5%).
Osteological/Odontological Observations:

Age at Death: 25–35 years (determined by dental attrition of molars and root closure timing).

Dental Features: Molars 1, 2, and 3 show moderate wear. No age-related degenerative changes in joints.

Stature: Estimated at 167 cm using femur and tibia measurements (Trotter and Gleser method).
Radiocarbon Dating:

Collagen extraction: Modified Longin method with ultrafiltration (>30 kDa).

Radiocarbon date: 2315 ± 22 BP (uncalibrated).

Calibrated age: 410–362 calBC (95.4% probability, IntCal20).

Adjusted for collagen offset: 388–356 calBC (reflecting potential collagen turnover in long bones).
Stable Isotopes (δ¹³C/δ¹⁵N):

δ¹³C: −19.11‰ (indicating a terrestrial C3 plant-based diet).

δ¹⁵N: 9.81‰ (suggesting high animal protein intake, ~80% of diet).

Tight clustering with other ISM bones confirms dietary consistency.
Strontium Isotopes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr):

0.711353 (premolar enamel from mandible).

Interpretation: Indicates childhood mobility. The ISM likely spent early years in a region with radiogenic Sr values (e.g., Northwest Greece or Peloponnese) before moving to Vergina/Pella.

Archaeological Significance:
Primary Burial: The ISM’s in-situ femora/tibiae confirm a 4th-century BC Macedonian royal.
Exclusion of Philip II: Radiocarbon dates rule out association with Philip II (died 336 BC).


2. Sample DEM3237
Context and Identification:
Bone Type: Maxilla-B (part of the "on the floor" bones in Tomb I).
Location: Found in Cluster Γ (northwest corner of the tomb) during the 1978 excavation.
Associated Individual: A separate female, termed "The Female", distinct from the ISM.

Scientific Analyses:
Ancient DNA (aDNA):

Sex determination: Female (confirmed via molecular sexing).

Contamination checks: Low contamination estimates (<5%).
Osteological/Odontological Observations:

Age at Death: 18–25 years (based on dental attrition, root closure, and suture obliteration of the maxilla).

Dental Features: Left molar 3 roots closed apically, indicating adulthood. Minimal dental wear.

Stature: Not calculable due to fragmented remains, but gracile morphology aligns with female metrics.
Radiocarbon Dating:

Radiocarbon date: 2200 ± 23 BP (uncalibrated).

Calibrated age: 396–351 calBC (95.4% probability, IntCal20).

Overlaps with ISM’s burial period, suggesting contemporaneity.
Stable Isotopes (δ¹³C/δ¹⁵N):

δ¹³C: −19.25‰ (similar to ISM but slightly depleted).

δ¹⁵N: 11.13‰ (richer in animal protein than ISM, possibly reflecting higher-status diet).
Strontium Isotopes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr):

0.709311 (first molar enamel).

Interpretation: Likely local origin within the Pella/Vergina region, with no evidence of childhood migration.

Archaeological Significance:
Double Burial Hypothesis: The Female’s presence suggests a high-status female buried alongside the ISM, possibly a spouse or royal family member.
Exclusion of Cleopatra: Dates rule out association with Cleopatra (Philip II’s wife, died 336 BC).

Controversies and Implications
Fetus/Perinate Bones: Both samples predate Roman-era fetus/perinate intrusions (150 calBC–130 calAD), confirming primary 4th-century BC use.
Historical Candidates:

ISM: Likely Amyntas III (died 370/369 BC) or Perdiccas III (died 360 BC), given radiocarbon and Sr data.

The Female: Possibly a royal consort or family member, though identity remains speculative.
Artistic Context: The tomb’s Persephone frescoes and heroon suggest a funerary cult, aligning with the ISM’s high status.


Conclusion: DEM3235 and DEM3237 represent a high-status male-female burial pair from early 4th-century BC Macedonia. Their scientific data refute prior claims linking Tomb I to Philip II, while highlighting the tomb’s role in Argead royal commemoration.



https://i.imgur.com/ftNff5N.png

https://i.imgur.com/G3ozcXz.png

https://i.imgur.com/4SuH0Ua.png

https://i.imgur.com/SJqibfH.png

https://i.imgur.com/QLIQuFY.png

https://i.imgur.com/Ui5jOxs.png

[Ajeje Brazorf]

Almost all of the samples analyzed (except for those two) had coverage that was far too low for G25. Even these two samples had low coverage and excessively high distances.

I am also highly skeptical about the legitimacy of DEM3235. It seems extremely unlikely to me that a Celtic/Gallo-Brittonic-like individual would have ended up in a Macedonian royal tomb from 372 BC. IIRC, we already have Celtic samples from the Balkans, and they do not plot anywhere near this sample.


Distance to ancient and modern individuals


Distance to: Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3235_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_9.72%
0.03981745 England_Dorset_Durotrigian_Roman:WBK11__AD_104__Co v_69.63%
0.03983755 French_Brittany_Rennes_B_29
0.04208992 Yvette_scaled
0.04223394 French_Brittany_Rennes_B_31
0.04239759 England_Dorset_Durotrigian_LIA:WBK16__AD_2__Cov_75 .69%
0.04259171 England_EIA.AG:I19863.AG__BC_402__Cov_51.77%
0.04262816 France_Hauts-de-France_Aisne_LaTene_IA:CGG022457__BC_430__Cov_97.6 8%
0.04273939 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I15046.AG__BC_306__Cov_73.35%
0.04309406 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST1635__AD_?__Cov_60.49%
0.04322943 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST0422__AD_?__Cov_64.23%
0.04340066 France_Pays-de-la-Loire_EarlyMedieval:fra016__AD_650__Cov_95.73%
0.04347873 England_EarlyMedieval.AG:I11579.AG__AD_514__Cov_26 .16%
0.04350096 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST0892__AD_?__Cov_60.69%
0.04373654 Breton_(n=4)
0.04387887 France_Hauts-de-France_Aisne_LaTene_IA:CGG022459__BC_475__Cov_39.2 1%
0.04396702 England_LIA_highEEF.AG:I17017.AG__BC_101__Cov_69.7 8%
0.04400410 France_BasRhin_IA.SG:GOX287_merge.SG__BC_500__Cov_ 32.43%
0.04401179 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I15958.AG__BC_1100__Cov_63.2 1%
0.04424742 French_Nord_N_54
0.04425072 Switzerland_Cornaux_LIA:COR-16__BC_207__Cov_unknown
0.04425791 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST2120__AD_?__Cov_38.77%
0.04427327 France_Hauts-de-France_Aisne_LaTene_IA:CGG022461__BC_440__Cov_94.7 6%
0.04432551 European_8327817147_R04C02
0.04451451 Germany_Lech_EBA_mother.AITI_119.mother.AITI_120.m other.AITI_86_possible.contam.AG.SG:AITI_87.AG.SG_ _BC_1742__Cov_19.31%
0.04452246 England_Dorset_Durotrigian_LIA:WBK19__AD_34__Cov_8 5.78%
0.04453275 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST0129__AD_?__Cov_48.29%
0.04466739 German_German19
0.04468100 Netherlands_South-Holland_Roman_IA:CGG107759__AD_148__Cov_91.26%
0.04468887 Netherlands_South-Holland_Roman_IA:CGG107746__AD_38__Cov_88.25%
0.04475566 England_Dorset_Durotrigian_LIA:WBK13__AD_1__Cov_65 .62%
0.04477636 Scaperbzh_scaled
0.04483912 Blackdeath:J-61
0.04485015 A_Norfolk_L-M20_scaled
0.04489551 fabrice_E_scaled
0.04499259 randwulf_mother_scaled


Distance to: Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3237_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_22.32%
0.03389756 Hungary_SoutheasternTransdanubia_EarlyAvar:AHPS220 W__AD_650__Cov_54.93%
0.03440352 Hungary_Hács_EMA:Hacs_1__AD_475__Cov_99.52%
0.03500786 Hungary_MidAvar.SG:ALT-224.SG__AD_700__Cov_75.56%
0.03512327 Serbia_Roman.AG:I15492.AG__AD_302__Cov_51.19%
0.03526538 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.rel.AG:MYG008.AG__BC_1523__Cov _73.25%
0.03530298 Bulgaria_Dzhulyunitsa_IA.SG:I5769.AG__BC_642__Cov_ 62.24%
0.03748597 Croatia_Zadar_Roman.SG:R3746.SG__AD_177__Cov_64.39 %
0.03751768 Hungary_Hács_EMA:Hacs_21__AD_475__Cov_98.16%
0.03775683 Italy_Tuscany_NA20512
0.03781475 Slovenia_Emona_Roman.SG:R10471.SG__AD_295__Cov_40. 69%
0.03827700 Hungary_EarlyAvar.AG:RKF200.AG__AD_625__Cov_53.69%
0.03837979 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.rel.AG:MYG006.AG__BC_1528__Cov _77.51%
0.03905917 Hungary_Avar.AG:RKO014.AG__AD_737__Cov_82.70%
0.03917143 Italy_Imperial_o2.SG:R111.SG__AD_100__Cov_50.58%
0.03956176 Italy_Tuscany_NA20531
0.03956938 Greece_Crete_Chania_LBA.AG:XAN051.AG__BC_1300__Cov _21.19%
0.03978442 Hungary_EarlyAvar.AG:RKF115.AG__AD_625__Cov_63.68%
0.04000890 Chatzianastasoglou_scaled
0.04062874 Serbia_Roman.AG:I15544.AG__AD_369__Cov_42.80%
0.04079985 Serbia_Sirmium_Roman.SG:R6730.SG__AD_403__Cov_66.1 5%
0.04080765 Hungary_SoutheasternTransdanubia_EarlyAvar:AHPS231 W__AD_650__Cov_58.41%
0.04103399 NorthMacedonia_IA.AG:I10379.AG__BC_641__Cov_67.04%
0.04130905 Albania_Shtike_Medieval.AG:I13839.AG__AD_936__Cov_ 71.63%
0.04150479 Serbia_Roman.AG:I15495.AG__AD_200__Cov_34.07%
0.04161834 French_Corsica_CorsicaS10208
0.04170965 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.AG:MYG004.AG__BC_1512__Cov_80. 80%
0.04183739 Croatia_MirineFulfinum_Roman.SG:R2051.SG__AD_475__ Cov_49.12%
0.04188426 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.rel.AG:MYG005.AG__BC_1466__Cov _61.93%
0.04198953 Italy_Tuscany_NA20786
0.04210658 Italy_Medieval_EarlyModern.SG:R1287.SG__AD_1425__C ov_74.52%
0.04271602 Greece_Aidonia_LBA.rel.of.AID001.AG:AID002.AG__BC_ 1425__Cov_61.73%
0.04283921 Ukraine_Crimea_Chersonesus_IA:CGG021475__BC_400__C ov_74.05%
0.04285216 Croatia_LateAntiquity.TW:I34296.TW__AD_400__Cov_97 .27%
0.04287589 French_Corsica_Corsica03708
0.04287671 Italy_Tuscany_Siena_EarlyMedieval.AG:ETR013.AG__AD _968__Cov_56.84%
0.04295718 dictatorvondoom_scaled
0.04303709 Hungary_Budapest_Hun:NEP1__AD_450__Cov_21.50%
0.04304475 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095027
0.04311150 Croatia_Gepidic_oAegean.AG:I27297.AG__AD_410__Cov_ 71.63%
0.04315625 Croatia_LateAntiquity.TW:I35009.TW__AD_300__Cov_87 .95%
0.04315792 Greece_Kastrouli_BA.AG:I13577.AG__BC_1250__Cov_25. 35%
0.04318075 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.rel.AG:MYG002.AG__BC_1576__Cov _36.63%
0.04322438 Greek_South_Tsakonia_TSAK-8
0.04325571 Greece_Crete_Krousonas_LBA.SG:kro009.SG__BC_1185__ Cov_48.23%
0.04327044 Hungary_Hács_EMA:Hacs_5__AD_475__Cov_98.80%
0.04328861 Italian_Umbria_PG05
0.04332468 Albanian_Tosk_Cham_Greece_(n=4)
0.04334980 Greek_South_Tsakonia_TSAK-10
0.04336537 Germany_EarlyMedieval_o1.SG:AEHIb.SG__AD_447__Cov_ 10.24%
0.04337528 Greek_Argolis_ARGO-4
0.04341309 Croatia_Popova_CA.SG:POP39.SG__BC_2676__Cov_83.43%
0.04341510 NorthMacedonia_BA.AG:I7231.AG__BC_1219__Cov_74.04%
0.04343638 Croatia_LateAntiquity_oAegean.AG:I26897.AG__AD_623 __Cov_82.98%
0.04359162 Greece_Crete_Chania_LBA.AG:XAN030.AG__BC_1275__Cov _39.99%
0.04359524 Italian_Tuscany_PG2012_647
0.04366396 Albania_Cinamak_BA_IA.AG:I16251.AG__BC_275__Cov_37 .94%
0.04372264 Italian_Apulia_GSM1094940
0.04374264 Croatia_LateAntiquity.TW:I33885.TW__AD_400__Cov_94 .81%
0.04379629 Italian_Apulia_GSM1094997
0.04397159 Hungary_MidAvar.SG:SZM-255.SG__AD_710__Cov_94.62%
0.04397197 Hungary_MidAvar.SG:SZK-83.SG__AD_675__Cov_52.95%
0.04398935 Greek_Corinthia_KOR-14
0.04405323 Italy_Sicily_Selinunte_Punic_Early:I21853__BC_514_ _Cov_34.42%
0.04407992 Italy_Tuscany_NA20514
0.04414201 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095037
0.04414248 Albania_Bardhoc_PostMedieval.AG:I15707.AG__AD_1551 __Cov_69.68%
0.04414929 Hungary_MidAvar.SG:SSD-198.SG__AD_685__Cov_54.31%
0.04416455 Croatia_Tilurium_Roman.SG:R3543.SG__AD_512__Cov_61 .04%
0.04418748 Serbia_Roman.AG:I15555.AG__AD_430__Cov_31.16%
0.04426625 Italian_Apulia_GSM1094893
0.04428402 Italian_Tuscany_PG2012_242
0.04429017 NorthMacedonia_IA.AG:I7233.AG__BC_850__Cov_75.69%
0.04430076 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095030
0.04432762 Albanian_SouthWest1
0.04440529 Austria_ViennaBasin_Mödling_Avar:MGS052__AD_775__C ov_30.35%
0.04452686 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095031
0.04452958 Austria_ViennaBasin_Mödling_Avar:MGS449__AD_775__C ov_42.57%
0.04460370 Italy_Tuscany_NA20798
0.04460988 French_Corsica_CorsicaS13808
0.04468280 Dibran/MagnusDark_scaled
0.04469744 Italian_Umbria_PG03
0.04471117 Italian_Umbria_(Umbrian)_(n=14)
0.04475072 Italian_Marche_MarABN020D
0.04478722 Italian_Molise_PG27
0.04483357 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095034
0.04484680 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I11721.AG__BC_575__Cov_67. 68%
0.04487476 Bulgaria_EIA.AG:I20185.AG__BC_800__Cov_76.53%
0.04491970 Albanian_Gheg_(n=24)
0.04497068 French_Corsica_corsica1308
0.04498094 Albanian_Central1

Distance to modern averages


Distance to: Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3235_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_9.72%
0.04373654 Breton_(n=4)
0.04534454 French_Oil_Bourgogne-Franche-Comte_Cote-d'Or_(n=2)
0.04537208 Breton_Loire-Atlantique_(n=5)
0.04571984 French_Oil_Pays_de_la_Loire_Maine-et-Loire_(n=4)
0.04673564 Breton_Ille-et-Vilaine_(n=5)
0.04701496 French_Oil_Normandy_Calvados_(n=5)
0.04781042 Breton_Ille-et-Vilaine_Rennes_(n=31)
0.04830690 French_Oil_Normandy_Manche_(n=10)
0.04833650 Anglo-New_Zealander_(n=2)
0.04840479 Dutch_Limburg_(n=1)
0.04889192 French_Oil_Normandy_Orne_(n=1)
0.04892319 Anglo-Canadian_(n=2)
0.04934726 Cornish_(n=15)
0.04935557 Belgian_(n=311)
0.04957341 Breton_Morbihan_(n=6)
0.04958316 Breton_Cotes-d'Armor_(n=8)
0.04967807 French_Oil_Hauts-de-France_Pas-de-Calais_(n=9)
0.04975594 Breton_Finistere_(n=17)
0.04993352 French_Oil_Ile-de-France_Paris_(n=11)
0.04998473 Anglo-American_(n=42)
0.04999145 French_Oil_Hauts-de-France_Somme_(n=1)


Distance to: Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3237_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_22.32%
0.04332468 Albanian_Tosk_Cham_Greece_(n=4)
0.04471117 Italian_Umbria_(Umbrian)_(n=14)
0.04491970 Albanian_Gheg_(n=24)
0.04557445 Italian_Lazio_(Lazian)_(n=5)
0.04562096 Greek_Peloponnese_Laconia_(n=1)
0.04614731 Italian_Tuscany_(Tuscan)_(n=23)
0.04637939 Italian_Calabria_(Cosentian)_o1_(n=1)
0.04656520 Italian_Marche_(Marchigiano)_(n=18)
0.04673267 Corsican_(n=14)
0.04673979 Italian_Carloforte_(Ligurian)_(n=25)
0.04716990 Greek_Peloponnese_Corinthia_(n=15)
0.04802870 Italian_Molise_(Molisan)_(n=2)
0.04820559 Greek_Peloponnese_Argolis_(n=17)
0.04845034 Italian_Apulia_(Apulian)_(n=228)
0.04853330 Italian_Abruzzo_(Abruzzese)_(n=19)
0.04865890 Albanian_Tosk_(n=24)
0.04878175 Greek_Italy_Apulia_(n=10)
0.04882613 Greek_Euboea_(n=2)
0.04886529 Greek_Central_Greece_Phocis_(n=3)
0.04924092 Albanian_(n=10)
0.04957225 Italian_Emilia_(Emilian)_(n=8)
0.04988641 Italian_Piedmont_Val_Borbera_(Ligurian)_(n=10)
0.04990044 Italian_Lombardy_(Lombard)_(n=10)
0.04993942 Greek_Peloponnese_Tsakonia_Littoral_(n=15)

[Voskos]

Target: voskos_scaled
Distance: 2.9839% / 0.02983924
78.4 Greek_Crete_Chania
15.0 Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical
6.6 Greek_Trabzon

[Tacitus]

Almost all of the samples analyzed (except for those two) had coverage that was far too low for G25. Even these two samples had low coverage and excessively high distances.

I am also highly skeptical about the legitimacy of DEM3235. It seems extremely unlikely to me that a Celtic/Gallo-Brittonic-like individual would have ended up in a Macedonian royal tomb from 372 BC. IIRC, we already have Celtic samples from the Balkans, and they do not plot anywhere near this sample.


Distance to ancient and modern individuals


Distance to: Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3235_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_9.72%
0.03981745 England_Dorset_Durotrigian_Roman:WBK11__AD_104__Co v_69.63%
0.03983755 French_Brittany_Rennes_B_29
0.04208992 Yvette_scaled
0.04223394 French_Brittany_Rennes_B_31
0.04239759 England_Dorset_Durotrigian_LIA:WBK16__AD_2__Cov_75 .69%
0.04259171 England_EIA.AG:I19863.AG__BC_402__Cov_51.77%
0.04262816 France_Hauts-de-France_Aisne_LaTene_IA:CGG022457__BC_430__Cov_97.6 8%
0.04273939 Czechia_IA_LaTene.AG:I15046.AG__BC_306__Cov_73.35%
0.04309406 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST1635__AD_?__Cov_60.49%
0.04322943 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST0422__AD_?__Cov_64.23%
0.04340066 France_Pays-de-la-Loire_EarlyMedieval:fra016__AD_650__Cov_95.73%
0.04347873 England_EarlyMedieval.AG:I11579.AG__AD_514__Cov_26 .16%
0.04350096 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST0892__AD_?__Cov_60.69%
0.04373654 Breton_(n=4)
0.04387887 France_Hauts-de-France_Aisne_LaTene_IA:CGG022459__BC_475__Cov_39.2 1%
0.04396702 England_LIA_highEEF.AG:I17017.AG__BC_101__Cov_69.7 8%
0.04400410 France_BasRhin_IA.SG:GOX287_merge.SG__BC_500__Cov_ 32.43%
0.04401179 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I15958.AG__BC_1100__Cov_63.2 1%
0.04424742 French_Nord_N_54
0.04425072 Switzerland_Cornaux_LIA:COR-16__BC_207__Cov_unknown
0.04425791 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST2120__AD_?__Cov_38.77%
0.04427327 France_Hauts-de-France_Aisne_LaTene_IA:CGG022461__BC_440__Cov_94.7 6%
0.04432551 European_8327817147_R04C02
0.04451451 Germany_Lech_EBA_mother.AITI_119.mother.AITI_120.m other.AITI_86_possible.contam.AG.SG:AITI_87.AG.SG_ _BC_1742__Cov_19.31%
0.04452246 England_Dorset_Durotrigian_LIA:WBK19__AD_34__Cov_8 5.78%
0.04453275 Belgium_Flanders_Sint-Truiden_Medieval:ST0129__AD_?__Cov_48.29%
0.04466739 German_German19
0.04468100 Netherlands_South-Holland_Roman_IA:CGG107759__AD_148__Cov_91.26%
0.04468887 Netherlands_South-Holland_Roman_IA:CGG107746__AD_38__Cov_88.25%
0.04475566 England_Dorset_Durotrigian_LIA:WBK13__AD_1__Cov_65 .62%
0.04477636 Scaperbzh_scaled
0.04483912 Blackdeath:J-61
0.04485015 A_Norfolk_L-M20_scaled
0.04489551 fabrice_E_scaled
0.04499259 randwulf_mother_scaled


Distance to: Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3237_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_22.32%
0.03389756 Hungary_SoutheasternTransdanubia_EarlyAvar:AHPS220 W__AD_650__Cov_54.93%
0.03440352 Hungary_Hács_EMA:Hacs_1__AD_475__Cov_99.52%
0.03500786 Hungary_MidAvar.SG:ALT-224.SG__AD_700__Cov_75.56%
0.03512327 Serbia_Roman.AG:I15492.AG__AD_302__Cov_51.19%
0.03526538 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.rel.AG:MYG008.AG__BC_1523__Cov _73.25%
0.03530298 Bulgaria_Dzhulyunitsa_IA.SG:I5769.AG__BC_642__Cov_ 62.24%
0.03748597 Croatia_Zadar_Roman.SG:R3746.SG__AD_177__Cov_64.39 %
0.03751768 Hungary_Hács_EMA:Hacs_21__AD_475__Cov_98.16%
0.03775683 Italy_Tuscany_NA20512
0.03781475 Slovenia_Emona_Roman.SG:R10471.SG__AD_295__Cov_40. 69%
0.03827700 Hungary_EarlyAvar.AG:RKF200.AG__AD_625__Cov_53.69%
0.03837979 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.rel.AG:MYG006.AG__BC_1528__Cov _77.51%
0.03905917 Hungary_Avar.AG:RKO014.AG__AD_737__Cov_82.70%
0.03917143 Italy_Imperial_o2.SG:R111.SG__AD_100__Cov_50.58%
0.03956176 Italy_Tuscany_NA20531
0.03956938 Greece_Crete_Chania_LBA.AG:XAN051.AG__BC_1300__Cov _21.19%
0.03978442 Hungary_EarlyAvar.AG:RKF115.AG__AD_625__Cov_63.68%
0.04000890 Chatzianastasoglou_scaled
0.04062874 Serbia_Roman.AG:I15544.AG__AD_369__Cov_42.80%
0.04079985 Serbia_Sirmium_Roman.SG:R6730.SG__AD_403__Cov_66.1 5%
0.04080765 Hungary_SoutheasternTransdanubia_EarlyAvar:AHPS231 W__AD_650__Cov_58.41%
0.04103399 NorthMacedonia_IA.AG:I10379.AG__BC_641__Cov_67.04%
0.04130905 Albania_Shtike_Medieval.AG:I13839.AG__AD_936__Cov_ 71.63%
0.04150479 Serbia_Roman.AG:I15495.AG__AD_200__Cov_34.07%
0.04161834 French_Corsica_CorsicaS10208
0.04170965 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.AG:MYG004.AG__BC_1512__Cov_80. 80%
0.04183739 Croatia_MirineFulfinum_Roman.SG:R2051.SG__AD_475__ Cov_49.12%
0.04188426 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.rel.AG:MYG005.AG__BC_1466__Cov _61.93%
0.04198953 Italy_Tuscany_NA20786
0.04210658 Italy_Medieval_EarlyModern.SG:R1287.SG__AD_1425__C ov_74.52%
0.04271602 Greece_Aidonia_LBA.rel.of.AID001.AG:AID002.AG__BC_ 1425__Cov_61.73%
0.04283921 Ukraine_Crimea_Chersonesus_IA:CGG021475__BC_400__C ov_74.05%
0.04285216 Croatia_LateAntiquity.TW:I34296.TW__AD_400__Cov_97 .27%
0.04287589 French_Corsica_Corsica03708
0.04287671 Italy_Tuscany_Siena_EarlyMedieval.AG:ETR013.AG__AD _968__Cov_56.84%
0.04295718 dictatorvondoom_scaled
0.04303709 Hungary_Budapest_Hun:NEP1__AD_450__Cov_21.50%
0.04304475 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095027
0.04311150 Croatia_Gepidic_oAegean.AG:I27297.AG__AD_410__Cov_ 71.63%
0.04315625 Croatia_LateAntiquity.TW:I35009.TW__AD_300__Cov_87 .95%
0.04315792 Greece_Kastrouli_BA.AG:I13577.AG__BC_1250__Cov_25. 35%
0.04318075 Greece_Mygdalia_LBA.rel.AG:MYG002.AG__BC_1576__Cov _36.63%
0.04322438 Greek_South_Tsakonia_TSAK-8
0.04325571 Greece_Crete_Krousonas_LBA.SG:kro009.SG__BC_1185__ Cov_48.23%
0.04327044 Hungary_Hács_EMA:Hacs_5__AD_475__Cov_98.80%
0.04328861 Italian_Umbria_PG05
0.04332468 Albanian_Tosk_Cham_Greece_(n=4)
0.04334980 Greek_South_Tsakonia_TSAK-10
0.04336537 Germany_EarlyMedieval_o1.SG:AEHIb.SG__AD_447__Cov_ 10.24%
0.04337528 Greek_Argolis_ARGO-4
0.04341309 Croatia_Popova_CA.SG:POP39.SG__BC_2676__Cov_83.43%
0.04341510 NorthMacedonia_BA.AG:I7231.AG__BC_1219__Cov_74.04%
0.04343638 Croatia_LateAntiquity_oAegean.AG:I26897.AG__AD_623 __Cov_82.98%
0.04359162 Greece_Crete_Chania_LBA.AG:XAN030.AG__BC_1275__Cov _39.99%
0.04359524 Italian_Tuscany_PG2012_647
0.04366396 Albania_Cinamak_BA_IA.AG:I16251.AG__BC_275__Cov_37 .94%
0.04372264 Italian_Apulia_GSM1094940
0.04374264 Croatia_LateAntiquity.TW:I33885.TW__AD_400__Cov_94 .81%
0.04379629 Italian_Apulia_GSM1094997
0.04397159 Hungary_MidAvar.SG:SZM-255.SG__AD_710__Cov_94.62%
0.04397197 Hungary_MidAvar.SG:SZK-83.SG__AD_675__Cov_52.95%
0.04398935 Greek_Corinthia_KOR-14
0.04405323 Italy_Sicily_Selinunte_Punic_Early:I21853__BC_514_ _Cov_34.42%
0.04407992 Italy_Tuscany_NA20514
0.04414201 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095037
0.04414248 Albania_Bardhoc_PostMedieval.AG:I15707.AG__AD_1551 __Cov_69.68%
0.04414929 Hungary_MidAvar.SG:SSD-198.SG__AD_685__Cov_54.31%
0.04416455 Croatia_Tilurium_Roman.SG:R3543.SG__AD_512__Cov_61 .04%
0.04418748 Serbia_Roman.AG:I15555.AG__AD_430__Cov_31.16%
0.04426625 Italian_Apulia_GSM1094893
0.04428402 Italian_Tuscany_PG2012_242
0.04429017 NorthMacedonia_IA.AG:I7233.AG__BC_850__Cov_75.69%
0.04430076 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095030
0.04432762 Albanian_SouthWest1
0.04440529 Austria_ViennaBasin_Mödling_Avar:MGS052__AD_775__C ov_30.35%
0.04452686 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095031
0.04452958 Austria_ViennaBasin_Mödling_Avar:MGS449__AD_775__C ov_42.57%
0.04460370 Italy_Tuscany_NA20798
0.04460988 French_Corsica_CorsicaS13808
0.04468280 Dibran/MagnusDark_scaled
0.04469744 Italian_Umbria_PG03
0.04471117 Italian_Umbria_(Umbrian)_(n=14)
0.04475072 Italian_Marche_MarABN020D
0.04478722 Italian_Molise_PG27
0.04483357 Italian_Apulia_GSM1095034
0.04484680 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I11721.AG__BC_575__Cov_67. 68%
0.04487476 Bulgaria_EIA.AG:I20185.AG__BC_800__Cov_76.53%
0.04491970 Albanian_Gheg_(n=24)
0.04497068 French_Corsica_corsica1308
0.04498094 Albanian_Central1

Distance to modern averages


Distance to: Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3235_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_9.72%
0.04373654 Breton_(n=4)
0.04534454 French_Oil_Bourgogne-Franche-Comte_Cote-d'Or_(n=2)
0.04537208 Breton_Loire-Atlantique_(n=5)
0.04571984 French_Oil_Pays_de_la_Loire_Maine-et-Loire_(n=4)
0.04673564 Breton_Ille-et-Vilaine_(n=5)
0.04701496 French_Oil_Normandy_Calvados_(n=5)
0.04781042 Breton_Ille-et-Vilaine_Rennes_(n=31)
0.04830690 French_Oil_Normandy_Manche_(n=10)
0.04833650 Anglo-New_Zealander_(n=2)
0.04840479 Dutch_Limburg_(n=1)
0.04889192 French_Oil_Normandy_Orne_(n=1)
0.04892319 Anglo-Canadian_(n=2)
0.04934726 Cornish_(n=15)
0.04935557 Belgian_(n=311)
0.04957341 Breton_Morbihan_(n=6)
0.04958316 Breton_Cotes-d'Armor_(n=8)
0.04967807 French_Oil_Hauts-de-France_Pas-de-Calais_(n=9)
0.04975594 Breton_Finistere_(n=17)
0.04993352 French_Oil_Ile-de-France_Paris_(n=11)
0.04998473 Anglo-American_(n=42)
0.04999145 French_Oil_Hauts-de-France_Somme_(n=1)


Distance to: Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3237_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_22.32%
0.04332468 Albanian_Tosk_Cham_Greece_(n=4)
0.04471117 Italian_Umbria_(Umbrian)_(n=14)
0.04491970 Albanian_Gheg_(n=24)
0.04557445 Italian_Lazio_(Lazian)_(n=5)
0.04562096 Greek_Peloponnese_Laconia_(n=1)
0.04614731 Italian_Tuscany_(Tuscan)_(n=23)
0.04637939 Italian_Calabria_(Cosentian)_o1_(n=1)
0.04656520 Italian_Marche_(Marchigiano)_(n=18)
0.04673267 Corsican_(n=14)
0.04673979 Italian_Carloforte_(Ligurian)_(n=25)
0.04716990 Greek_Peloponnese_Corinthia_(n=15)
0.04802870 Italian_Molise_(Molisan)_(n=2)
0.04820559 Greek_Peloponnese_Argolis_(n=17)
0.04845034 Italian_Apulia_(Apulian)_(n=228)
0.04853330 Italian_Abruzzo_(Abruzzese)_(n=19)
0.04865890 Albanian_Tosk_(n=24)
0.04878175 Greek_Italy_Apulia_(n=10)
0.04882613 Greek_Euboea_(n=2)
0.04886529 Greek_Central_Greece_Phocis_(n=3)
0.04924092 Albanian_(n=10)
0.04957225 Italian_Emilia_(Emilian)_(n=8)
0.04988641 Italian_Piedmont_Val_Borbera_(Ligurian)_(n=10)
0.04990044 Italian_Lombardy_(Lombard)_(n=10)
0.04993942 Greek_Peloponnese_Tsakonia_Littoral_(n=15)

DEM3235 is probably a contaminated sample: https://x.com/Arkotherion/status/1918065035173122324#m

[Ajeje Brazorf]

DEM3235 is probably a contaminated sample: https://x.com/Arkotherion/status/1918065035173122324#m


It seems contaminated with the NW Euro researcher's DNA

Yes, that's exactly what I thought as well. I've also heard rumors about a study and certain samples from ancient Egypt being genetically similar to modern-day Northern Italians, which is hardly a coincidence, considering the laboratory and researchers came from that region.

[Ajeje Brazorf]

PCA

https://i.imgur.com/yrneOux.png

[Gannicus]

Distance to: Gannicus_MergedFile_officialDavidski_scaled
0.05177493 Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3235_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_9.72%
0.11667741 Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical:DEM3237_r mdup__BC_372__Cov_22.32%

[Gannicus]

Yes, that's exactly what I thought as well. I've also heard rumors about a study and certain samples from ancient Egypt being genetically similar to modern-day Northern Italians, which is hardly a coincidence, considering the laboratory and researchers came from that region.

JK2888 is labeled as contaminated. So I don't use it in G25.

[Voskos]

Target: Greek_Macedonia
Distance: 1.7899% / 0.01789939
32.8 Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical
28.6 Ukraine_Medieval.SG
25.0 Syria_Ebla_EMBA
12.2 Hungary_IA_Scythian.SG
1.4 Armenia_Beniamin_Urartu_IA.SG

Target: Greek_Central_Macedonia
Distance: 1.5685% / 0.01568488
32.6 Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical
25.8 Ukraine_Medieval.SG
25.2 Syria_Ebla_EMBA
16.4 Hungary_IA_Scythian.SG

Target: Albanian
Distance: 1.9828% / 0.01982817
45.6 Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical
24.0 Ukraine_Medieval.SG
17.4 Syria_Ebla_EMBA
13.0 Hungary_IA_Scythian.SG

Target: Macedonian
Distance: 1.6801% / 0.01680087
43.0 Ukraine_Medieval.SG
26.6 Greece_Macedonia_Vergina_Tomb1_Classical
15.2 Hungary_IA_Scythian.SG
13.8 Syria_Ebla_EMBA
1.4 Armenia_Beniamin_Urartu_IA.SG