Who were the "Scythian Farmers" from Right-bank Ukraine?

[Peterski]

So far I've managed to successfully model them as a mixture of Lusatian Culture from Volhynia and Thracians:

Target: Scythian_Farmers_Right_bank_Ukraine(n=6)
Distance: 1.1741% / 0.01174079
68.0 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_IA_850_BC_Cov>50%N=2
21.0 Thracian_I5769__BC_642__Cov_62.24%
11.0 Odesa_Thracian_EIA_860_BC_Cov>25%N=3

If I remove the Thracian sample from Bulgaria and leave just Thracians from Ukraine the fit is marginally worse:

Target: Scythian_Farmers_Right_bank_Ukraine(n=6)
Distance: 1.2903% / 0.01290284
64.4 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_IA_850_BC_Cov>50%N=2
35.6 Odesa_Thracian_EIA_860_BC_Cov>25%N=3

Samples used:

TARGET:

(this average includes MJ-14, UKR035AB, UKR043, UKR044, scy009 and scy010)


Scythian_Farmers_Right_bank_Ukraine(n=6),0.1253948 ,0.1310033,0.0563793,0.053618,0.0390328,0.0167335, 0.007207,0.0102303,-0.0041588,-0.0120882,-0.0011097,-0.0048955,0.007879,0.0049083,-0.0054288,0.0064307,0.0098657,0.0006967,0.0027443, 0.0048147,-0.0000832,0.0025347,0.0015408,-0.0074105,-0.0031135

SOURCE:


Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_IA_850_BC_Cov>50%N=2,0.1297585,0.1178015,0.0788185,0.095124,0.03 893,0.039742,0.0066975,0.018576,-0.00542,-0.0319825,-0.0060085,-0.0107905,0.0153865,0.007707,0.001493,0.016839,0.0 11343,0.00057,0.0065365,0.0081915,0.003369,-0.001422,0.0032045,-0.011387,-0.00479
Odesa_Thracian_EIA_860_BC_Cov>25%N=3,0.117617,0.1448823,0.017599,-0.0240097,0.0305697,-0.012457,0.0000783,0.0018463,0.0106353,0.0306763,0 .001245,0.0042463,-0.0147173,0.0016973,-0.0134363,-0.004508,0.0081707,-0.0027873,0.011732,-0.0081703,-0.006738,0.0011127,0.00189,0.000964,-0.0071847
Thracian_I5769__BC_642__Cov_62.24%,0.125205,0.1553 76,0.010182,-0.050711,0.03416,-0.025937,0.003525,0.000462,0.008795,0.031527,0.000 974,0.004646,-0.015609,-0.004129,-0.017101,-0.005171,0.012908,0.006208,0.00729,-0.014632,-0.00861,0.003462,-0.001232,0.007109,-0.012454

All of these samples can be found in my Google Map in the link posted below:

https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1Q6C5VJuoLW_7-ZNTONw2g-yqaAynJXA&usp=sharing

Another possibility is admixture from Thracians and from Slovakian Vekerzug culture, this model also has a good fit:

Target: Scythian_Farmers_Right_bank_Ukraine(n=6)
Distance: 1.0890% / 0.01089033
61.0 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_IA_850_BC_Cov>50%N=2
19.8 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug_620_BC_N=15
19.2 Thracian_I5769__BC_642__Cov_62.24%


Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug_620_BC_N=15,0.1264954,0.14352 82,0.0467881,0.0176358,0.0383249,0.0019524,0.00184 87,0.0056614,0.0092308,0.0127201,-0.0011476,0.002368,-0.0059167,0.0039544,-0.0050488,-0.0022982,0.0018167,0.0006673,0.0057654,-0.0002083,-0.0024955,0.0012365,0.0022102,-0.0072701,-0.0000399

But in both of these models the "core" ancestry of these "Scythian Farmers" was population of the Lusatian Culture.

[Peterski]

What do you think about these models?

[NSXD60]

Probably pre-Genghis Whites.

[Peterski]

Edit: Deleted because I have to keep this conversation confidential for a month or two.

[rothaer]

(...) But in both of these models the "core" ancestry of these "Scythian Farmers" was population of the Lusatian Culture.

I consider this statement in this simplicity misleading. Because the Lusatian culture in Wolhynia was geographically, (pre-)historically and likely also genetically fringe within the Lusatian culture as a whole and thus not representative.

Do you have any samples from the Lusatian culture in Lusatia or Wielkopolska and how do they compare genetically to those in Wolhynia?

[Peterski]

I consider this statement in this simplicity misleading. Because the Lusatian culture in Wolhynia was geographically, (pre-)historically and likely also genetically fringe within the Lusatian culture as a whole and thus not representative.

Do you have any samples from the Lusatian culture in Lusatia or Wielkopolska and how do they compare genetically to those in Wolhynia?

No, unfortunately so far there are only these two Lusatian samples from Volhynia and no others.

Why do you think that Volhynian Lusatians were different than other Lusatians?

[Nurzat]

why don't they just test some remains associated with Kiev culture? there's some sites where they practiced inhumation, some bones must be kept in the archive at some history or archaeology institute (though I remember seeing in Romania ancient bones in usual boxes in rooms with no temperature and humidity control, dunno if that's ideal for DNA preservation and I don't expect better conditions across Eastern Europe). it'd answer some questions. about Kiev culture being the Slavic origin there's more or less consensus

[cass]

why don't they just test some remains associated with Kiev culture? there's some sites where they practiced inhumation, some bones must be kept in the archive at some history or archaeology institute (though I remember seeing in Romania ancient bones in usual boxes in rooms with no temperature and humidity control, dunno if that's ideal for DNA preservation and I don't expect better conditions across Eastern Europe). it'd answer some questions. about Kiev culture being the Slavic origin there's more or less consensus

Is that what you're talking about?



Burials of the Kolochin culture followed the rite of cremation performed off-site; only one case of on-site cremation has been recorded. The cemeteries are divided into flat graves (11 studied) and barrow (kurgan) burials (6 studied). The flat graves consist of round pits (up to 0.9 m in diameter) or oval pits (1.1–1.35 x 0.8–1 m), with depths ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 m, where cremated remains were placed (fig. 9). There are known examples of urn burials, mixed burials (bones inside and beside the urn), and non-urn (pit) burials, the latter being predominant across the culture's territory. In pit burials, cremated bones may be found in clusters or scattered throughout the fill, often along with remnants of the funeral pyre — charcoal and ash. Occasionally, animal bones appear alongside human remains.

In Kartamyshevo-2, an interesting variant of the rite was discovered — funeral platforms (fig. 10). All seven studied platforms had a rectangular shape, measuring 2.1–3.9 x 1.15–2.9 m, and were outlined by trenches at the bottom of which postholes were found, suggesting wooden constructions that sometimes featured openings — possibly entrances. One to three burials were performed within each enclosure. Additionally, at Kartamyshevo-2, an unburned child’s head was found — the only known inhumation burial of the Kolochin culture (Goryunova, 2004).

Barrows are typical in the northern forest-steppe and forest regions of the Dnieper area. They are all round mounds, 5–12 m in diameter and 0.5–1.3 m high (fig. 11). Bones transferred from the pyre were usually scattered in the mound, sometimes forming clusters. These remains were often accompanied by pottery fragments in similarly disordered layouts; charcoal, ash, and blackened patches were also recorded. Less frequently, structured burials are found in barrows:

Non-urn burials — within the mound, beneath the mound on the ground level, or in pits below the mound;

Urn burials — on the ground level or in pits beneath the mound.
Grave goods could be found both in the burials and scattered in the mound fill. In three cases, burned wooden structures were found beneath the barrows.

The grave goods in Kolochin burials — both flat and barrow — are generally poor and inconsistent. Often, only pottery fragments are found, more rarely complete pots. Other finds include household items (spindle whorls, knives, flint pieces possibly used as fire strikers), weapons (spear and arrowheads), and adornments (fibulae, pins, beads, rings, bracelets, belt buckles and fittings). Many items show signs of fire damage, though some remain untouched by fire, likely representing symbolic offerings. Some artifacts were deliberately broken in antiquity, possibly as part of the ritual (Oblomsky, 1996, pp. 104–108; Oblomsky, 2016, pp. 25–34).

http://earlyslavs.ru/culture/the-kolochin-culture

[cass]

Could it also be about that?


Information about the funeral rite of the Late Zarubintsy population is generally fragmentary and unreliable. Only the Rakhny cemetery in the Southern Buh region is relatively well documented, where 12 burials have been studied (fig. 10). The site was discovered by P.I. Khavlyuk in 1956, with excavations carried out in 1968–1969 (Khavlyuk, 1971; 1975; Late Zarubintsy Sites…, 2010, pp. 114–117).

The cemetery is flat (non-barrow), and all burials were performed according to the cremation rite. One cremation took place on-site, while the others were performed off-site. The cremated remains were buried in large but shallow pits, measuring 1.45–2 m in length, 1–1.8 m in width, and 0.1–0.45 m in depth from the surface, typically without the use of urns. Only in one case were bones found both inside and beside a placed vessel. Usually, the bones were found as a single cluster (indicating likely individual burials), but some pits contained two or even four clusters of bones.

The most common type of grave goods were vessels: bowls, mugs, pots — mostly burnished. Among the finds were two gray-clay Greco-Roman bowls and one red-clay amphora. Other objects — bronze ornaments, glass and amber beads — were burned and usually found mixed with the bones (figs. 11, 12), suggesting they were placed on the funeral pyre with the deceased.

There are both rich burials with a wide variety of grave goods and modest ones with only vessels. Overall, the funeral rite recorded at Rakhny is in line with the traditions of the classic Zarubintsy culture.

http://earlyslavs.ru/culture/the-late-zarubintsy-type-sites

[cass]

What do you think about these models?

Logic suggests that they are descendants of the Unetice-Knoviz population (related to Trzciniec). Without an analysis of the cremated remains, everything remains rather uncertain.

Distance to: Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 3__BC_650__Cov_32.42%
0.03401368 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB075__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.03446759 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR111__ BC_657__Cov_41.62%
0.03689164 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:HOP003.AG__BC_2300__Cov_72.8 2%
0.03767202 Sweden_BAC.SG:oll007.SG__BC_2667__Cov_70.88%
0.03773382 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:I14585.AG__BC_1900__Cov_65. 22%
0.03818641 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB006__BC_1883__Cov_24.02%
0.03836430 France_Bourgogne-Franche-Comté_Hallstatt_IA:CGG023677__BC_697__Cov_95.15%
0.03870753 Czechia_BA_BellBeaker.AG:I7269.AG__BC_2250__Cov_61 .25%
0.03904310 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4896.AG__BC_2213__Cov_71.03 %
0.03905504 Czechia_BA_BellBeaker.AG:I7251.AG__BC_2250__Cov_65 .56%
0.03915088 Czechia_BA_BellBeaker.AG:I7249.AG__BC_2061__Cov_67 .50%
0.03960862 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:VLI060.AG__BC_1980__Cov_38. 48%
0.03979333 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:KNE001.AG__BC_2067__Cov_50. 12%
0.03988084 Germany_EBA_Unetice.AG:LEU056.AG__BC_1950__Cov_41. 25%
0.04010760 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.04071715 Hungary_EBA_BellBeaker.AG:I2365.AG__BC_2349__Cov_7 8.44%
0.04109815 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:CHL001.AG__BC_1955__Cov_63. 50%
0.04115561 Sweden_Nastegarden_Steppe2.SG:NAS003.SG__BC_2072__ Cov_81.15%
0.04129762 Czechia_MBA_Tumulus.AG:I16100.AG__BC_1375__Cov_51. 57%
0.04158232 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I5666.AG__BC_2300__Cov_25.38 %
0.04169599 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB020__BC_1709__Cov_70.99%
0.04187423 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB071__BC_1860__Cov_19.75%
0.04188919 Germany_EBA_Unetice.AG:LEU02651.AG__BC_1950__Cov_6 4.74%
0.04209324 Germany_Lech_BellBeaker.AG:UNTA85_1343.AG__BC_2258 __Cov_69.88%
0.04219682 Germany_Lech_EBA_possible.contam.AG:POST_35.AG__BC _1982__Cov_72.59%

Distance to: Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
0.03951100 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB083__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.03977060 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.03982084 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.04191738 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04259238 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.04415222 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.04439083 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04453661 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.04463626 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04469712 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04489371 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04542162 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz702__BC_1410__Cov_65.81%
0.04651288 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:CHL006.AG__BC_1947__Cov_36. 92%
0.04707466 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.04711792 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB082__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.04767209 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR111__ BC_657__Cov_41.62%
0.04823740 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.04895743 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB075__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.04897161 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.04905420 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:I4130.AG__BC_2300__Cov_20.2 2%
0.04953900 Czechia_BA_Veterov_2.AG:I7949.AG__BC_1072__Cov_73. 85%
0.04977991 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz719__BC_1350__Cov_29.08%
0.04997401 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS001.AG__BC_1958__Cov_75. 72%
0.05029492 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB087__BC_1709__Cov_70.99%
0.05043513 Norway_Nordland_EBA:CGG105636_CGG105637__BC_1200__ Cov_79.94%

Distance to: Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
0.03323460 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.03638057 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03699450 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03714980 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR111__ BC_657__Cov_41.62%
0.03753706 Hungary_LBA:I11665__BC_1150__Cov_69.59%
0.03880711 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.03891035 Czechia_MBA_Tumulus.AG:I16100.AG__BC_1375__Cov_51. 57%
0.03946641 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I15957.AG__BC_1100__Cov_62.2 9%
0.03968229 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.03992893 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04080619 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB075__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.04109474 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.04290877 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:KNE003.AG__BC_2021__Cov_68. 64%
0.04309445 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:I14585.AG__BC_1900__Cov_65. 22%
0.04318855 Hungary_Füzesabony_MBA:I11661__BC_1950__Cov_27.92%
0.04328480 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:KOP003.AG__BC_2392__Cov_46.8 0%
0.04345388 Czechia_EBA_Unetice_brother.I14585.AG:I14188.AG__B C_1900__Cov_36.87%
0.04349142 France_Bourgogne-Franche-Comté_Hallstatt_IA:CGG023677__BC_697__Cov_95.15%
0.04397093 Denmark_SouthScandinavia_EBA.SG:NEO563.SG__BC_1430 __Cov_56.19%
0.04408759 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz712__BC_1326__Cov_23.43%
0.04416342 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB062__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.04422483 Hungary_Füzesabony_MBA:I11659__BC_1950__Cov_15.35%
0.04429565 Hungary_EBA_Kisapostag:S6__BC_1900__Cov_10.90%
0.04430178 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16549.AG__BC_918__Cov_47.05 %
0.04450838 Czechia_BA_BellBeaker.AG:I7249.AG__BC_2061__Cov_67 .50%

[Peterski]

Logic suggests that they are descendants of the Unetice-Knoviz population (related to Trzciniec). Without an analysis of the cremated remains, everything remains rather uncertain.

Distance to: Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 3__BC_650__Cov_32.42%
0.03401368 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB075__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.03446759 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR111__ BC_657__Cov_41.62%
0.03689164 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:HOP003.AG__BC_2300__Cov_72.8 2%
0.03767202 Sweden_BAC.SG:oll007.SG__BC_2667__Cov_70.88%
0.03773382 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:I14585.AG__BC_1900__Cov_65. 22%
0.03818641 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB006__BC_1883__Cov_24.02%
0.03836430 France_Bourgogne-Franche-Comté_Hallstatt_IA:CGG023677__BC_697__Cov_95.15%
0.03870753 Czechia_BA_BellBeaker.AG:I7269.AG__BC_2250__Cov_61 .25%
0.03904310 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4896.AG__BC_2213__Cov_71.03 %
0.03905504 Czechia_BA_BellBeaker.AG:I7251.AG__BC_2250__Cov_65 .56%
0.03915088 Czechia_BA_BellBeaker.AG:I7249.AG__BC_2061__Cov_67 .50%
0.03960862 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:VLI060.AG__BC_1980__Cov_38. 48%
0.03979333 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:KNE001.AG__BC_2067__Cov_50. 12%
0.03988084 Germany_EBA_Unetice.AG:LEU056.AG__BC_1950__Cov_41. 25%
0.04010760 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.04071715 Hungary_EBA_BellBeaker.AG:I2365.AG__BC_2349__Cov_7 8.44%
0.04109815 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:CHL001.AG__BC_1955__Cov_63. 50%
0.04115561 Sweden_Nastegarden_Steppe2.SG:NAS003.SG__BC_2072__ Cov_81.15%
0.04129762 Czechia_MBA_Tumulus.AG:I16100.AG__BC_1375__Cov_51. 57%
0.04158232 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I5666.AG__BC_2300__Cov_25.38 %
0.04169599 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB020__BC_1709__Cov_70.99%
0.04187423 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB071__BC_1860__Cov_19.75%
0.04188919 Germany_EBA_Unetice.AG:LEU02651.AG__BC_1950__Cov_6 4.74%
0.04209324 Germany_Lech_BellBeaker.AG:UNTA85_1343.AG__BC_2258 __Cov_69.88%
0.04219682 Germany_Lech_EBA_possible.contam.AG:POST_35.AG__BC _1982__Cov_72.59%

Distance to: Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR04 4__BC_650__Cov_36.39%
0.03951100 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB083__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.03977060 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.03982084 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.04191738 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.04259238 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.04415222 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.04439083 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz747__BC_1391__Cov_29.66%
0.04453661 Ukraine_Komarów_MBA:poz296_dr__BC_1531__Cov_29.07%
0.04463626 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz655__BC_1402__Cov_21.19%
0.04469712 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04489371 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz672__BC_1529__Cov_26.06%
0.04542162 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz702__BC_1410__Cov_65.81%
0.04651288 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:CHL006.AG__BC_1947__Cov_36. 92%
0.04707466 Ukraine_Volyn_Lusatian_EIA:UKR168__BC_850__Cov_57. 47%
0.04711792 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB082__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.04767209 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR111__ BC_657__Cov_41.62%
0.04823740 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.04895743 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB075__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.04897161 Ukraine_Odesa_ThracianHallstatt_2_EIA:UKR000__BC_8 50__Cov_68.51%
0.04905420 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:I4130.AG__BC_2300__Cov_20.2 2%
0.04953900 Czechia_BA_Veterov_2.AG:I7949.AG__BC_1072__Cov_73. 85%
0.04977991 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz719__BC_1350__Cov_29.08%
0.04997401 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS001.AG__BC_1958__Cov_75. 72%
0.05029492 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB087__BC_1709__Cov_70.99%
0.05043513 Norway_Nordland_EBA:CGG105636_CGG105637__BC_1200__ Cov_79.94%

Distance to: Ukraine_Kyiv_Scythian_RightDnipro_IllThr_EIA:UKR03 5AB__BC_650__Cov_81.80%
0.03323460 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16089.AG__BC_1050__Cov_70.0 8%
0.03638057 Slovakia_IA_Vekerzug.AG:I12106.AG__BC_664__Cov_56. 93%
0.03699450 Hungary_MBA_Fuzesabony.AG:I20750.AG__BC_1950__Cov_ 45.24%
0.03714980 Ukraine_Kharkiv_Scythian_SivDon_Nom_2_EIA:UKR111__ BC_657__Cov_41.62%
0.03753706 Hungary_LBA:I11665__BC_1150__Cov_69.59%
0.03880711 Hungary_Fuzesabony_MBA:I20772__BC_1950__Cov_unknow n
0.03891035 Czechia_MBA_Tumulus.AG:I16100.AG__BC_1375__Cov_51. 57%
0.03946641 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I15957.AG__BC_1100__Cov_62.2 9%
0.03968229 Germany_BellBeaker.AG:I5531.AG__BC_2300__Cov_54.57 %
0.03992893 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:I4136.AG__BC_2300__Cov_21.95 %
0.04080619 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB075__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.04109474 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:MIS002.AG__BC_1933__Cov_75. 21%
0.04290877 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:KNE003.AG__BC_2021__Cov_68. 64%
0.04309445 Czechia_EBA_Unetice.AG:I14585.AG__BC_1900__Cov_65. 22%
0.04318855 Hungary_Füzesabony_MBA:I11661__BC_1950__Cov_27.92%
0.04328480 Czechia_BellBeaker.AG:KOP003.AG__BC_2392__Cov_46.8 0%
0.04345388 Czechia_EBA_Unetice_brother.I14585.AG:I14188.AG__B C_1900__Cov_36.87%
0.04349142 France_Bourgogne-Franche-Comté_Hallstatt_IA:CGG023677__BC_697__Cov_95.15%
0.04397093 Denmark_SouthScandinavia_EBA.SG:NEO563.SG__BC_1430 __Cov_56.19%
0.04408759 Poland_Trzciniec_MBA:poz712__BC_1326__Cov_23.43%
0.04416342 Czechia_EBA_Unetice:MIB062__BC_1829__Cov_42.11%
0.04422483 Hungary_Füzesabony_MBA:I11659__BC_1950__Cov_15.35%
0.04429565 Hungary_EBA_Kisapostag:S6__BC_1900__Cov_10.90%
0.04430178 Czechia_LBA_Knoviz.AG:I16549.AG__BC_918__Cov_47.05 %
0.04450838 Czechia_BA_BellBeaker.AG:I7249.AG__BC_2061__Cov_67 .50%

They have high distances to these Knoviz and Unetice samples. 0.03 or 0.04 are high distances.

They must be a mix of two or more populations because they are not close to any single pop.

[cass]

..

https://i.ibb.co/bgCw5MTJ/output-2025-02-21-T004120-456a.png (https://ibb.co/VWznYcRm)


Note the size of the cremation gap where the Lusatian culture should be. The Baltic branch of the Trzciniec culture had already begun to drift toward the Balts, while individual groups were drifting toward Knoviz. I assume that the main body of the Lusatians moved along an intermediate course.