Ancient DNA Reveals Prehistoric Gene-Flow from Siberia in the Complex Human Population History of No

[evon]

http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1003296


"North East Europe harbors a high diversity of cultures and languages, suggesting a complex genetic history. Archaeological, anthropological, and genetic research has revealed a series of influences from Western and Eastern Eurasia in the past. While genetic data from modern-day populations is commonly used to make inferences about their origins and past migrations, ancient DNA provides a powerful test of such hypotheses by giving a snapshot of the past genetic diversity. In order to better understand the dynamics that have shaped the gene pool of North East Europeans, we generated and analyzed 34 mitochondrial genotypes from the skeletal remains of three archaeological sites in northwest Russia. These sites were dated to the Mesolithic and the Early Metal Age (7,500 and 3,500 uncalibrated years Before Present). We applied a suite of population genetic analyses (principal component analysis, genetic distance mapping, haplotype sharing analyses) ... Comparisons of genetic data from ancient and modern-day populations revealed significant changes in the mitochondrial makeup of North East Europeans through time. Mesolithic foragers showed high frequencies and diversity of haplogroups U (U2e, U4, U5a), a pattern observed previously in European hunter-gatherers from Iberia to Scandinavia. In contrast, the presence of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups C, D, and Z in Early Metal Age individuals suggested discontinuity with Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and genetic influx from central/eastern Siberia. We identified remarkable genetic dissimilarities between prehistoric and modern-day North East Europeans/Saami, which suggests an important role of post-Mesolithic migrations from Western Europe and subsequent population replacement/extinctions. ... It contributes to the description of the spatio-temporal distribution of mitochondrial diversity and will be of significance for future reconstructions of the history of Europeans."

Hoping this has not been discussed here before?

Either way its a good summary of modern population versus ancient ones, the mtDNA map frequency is the most telling.

http://imageshack.us/a/img526/3598/dersfig2.png

http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003296.g001&representation=PNG_M

The mtDNA data firmly puts Finland, Hungarians and Tatars inline with Europe, putting Turks in the middle east and Saami in extreme Northern Europe.
Which is what we have seen DNA show over and over again, i would like to see a similar paper that focus on YDNA, but iknow its nearly impossible using todays methods since YDNA degrades much faster then mtDNA in decaying remains...the interesting outlines is Azerbaijan and Basque, the latter can be explained by a small genepool, dont know about Azerbaijan though, have not look much into their DNA before, but i doubt they have such a small genepool?

[Jackson]

I guess this may also be related to that 'Asian shift' in northern Europeans?

[evon]

I guess this may also be related to that 'Asian shift' in northern Europeans?

Yes, we know there is an ancient component linking the global Northern hemisphere together:
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/polar/arctic.gif

You see it clearly when looking at admixture results, usually all the populations have a shared component, this is why we also often see "Native American" admixture in Northern Europe, which is of course not due to recent influx of native ancestry in Europe, but due to a ancient shared genepool...it makes sense given that these northern peoples are highly inbred due to a low population number, this is also why they have such low variation in mtDNA and YDNA linages contra southern peoples, whom tend to be less inbred and have much more variation in this regard.

[pinguino]

This is quite curious. I always wondered why some Scandinavians looked Asiatic or Amerindian. So, as it happens, not only Amerindians and Turks have some relation to Siberians, but also Nordics. Maybe is time to found the community of Siberian descendants.

[ALL]

...

[evon]

This is quite curious. I always wondered why some Scandinavians looked Asiatic or Amerindian. So, as it happens, not only Amerindians and Turks have some relation to Siberians, but also Nordics. Maybe is time to found the community of Siberian descendants.

It would be wrong to name Siberia as the point of origin for the shared component across the Arctic, as we dont know the point of origin, but likely its from a more southern location, from where people migrated northwards and so on.
Its also from what ive seen not the same component found in some Turks, they rarely score any "Native American on admixture" runs.

[Pallantides]

Turks, they rarely score any "Native American on admixture" runs.

True, one Dodecad Globe4 Turks score only 2.1% "Amerindian" on average, Swedes for example get 8.8% while Finns have the highest score among Europeans at 12.1%

[evon]

True, one Dodecad Globe4 Turks score only 2.1% "Amerindian" on average, Swedes for example get 8.8% while Finns have the highest score among Europeans at 12.1%

Its actually a fascinating issue that should be explored further, i am still waiting for the big study David said he would do on Eurasian and Turkic connections, i can bump the idea and also at the same time ask if he could check out this mystery also..

I would also like to check out why some populations are so far from their geographical locations, such as Azeri's and Basque...

[urrakiberg]

that amerindian score is for north american indians, that could be caused by cabotage sailing made by scandinavians during the ice age to north america, as studies say. the eye shape can be an adaptation to snow reflection. a red hair population could be the one that migrated from north himalaya - siberia when the ice started to melt. caucasian not mongoloid. theres good data here about that, though the author is a bit paranoid about armenoid mongoloid traces in Europe, giving no account to adaptations to ice (eye shape) and mountain (nose shape) in non armenoid mongoloid population.
http://europa-soberana.blogia.com/2011/101201-the-new-racial-classification-i-.php

[sgc2009]

Its actually a fascinating issue that should be explored further, i am still waiting for the big study David said he would do on Eurasian and Turkic connections, i can bump the idea and also at the same time ask if he could check out this mystery also..

I would also like to check out why some populations are so far from their geographical locations, such as Azeri's and Basque...

I think Polako explained the reason for this in Eurogenes.

In simple words Europeans share common ancient North Eurasian ancestry with south Americans, the Karitiana people in particular. That explains why some north-west Europeans tend to score South Amerind specifically in various calculators instead of North Amerind/Siberian as Scandinavians/Finns/Russians etc. do.

[evon]

that amerindian score is for north american indians, that could be caused by cabotage sailing made by scandinavians during the ice age to north america, as studies say. the eye shape can be an adaptation to snow reflection. a red hair population could be the one that migrated from north himalaya - siberia when the ice started to melt. caucasian not mongoloid. theres good data here about that, though the author is a bit paranoid about armenoid mongoloid traces in Europe, giving no account to adaptations to ice (eye shape) and mountain (nose shape) in non armenoid mongoloid population.
http://europa-soberana.blogia.com/2011/101201-the-new-racial-classification-i-.php

We share the same component with South American natives also, not just North America, and also with people in Kamchatka in far eastern Russia ect, another problem is the discontinuity between Stone age peoples in Northern Europe and present populations, whos mtDNA linages are not found among native American peoples, as shown by DNA studies before (http://dienekes.blogspot.no/2009/09/modern-scandinavians-descended-from.html)..so those theories hold no water in explaining this ancient link, if you ask me...


I think Polako explained the reason for this in Eurogenes.

In simple words Europeans share common ancient North Eurasian ancestry with south Americans, the Karitiana people in particular. That explains why some north-west Europeans tend to score South Amerind specifically in various calculators instead of North Amerind/Siberian as Scandinavians/Finns/Russians etc. do.

Yes, clearly its a veeeery old component, it might be indicative of some of the first peoples in north Eurasia and the Americas respectively..

[Jackson]

We share the same component with South American natives also, not just North America, and also with people in Kamchatka in far eastern Russia ect, another problem is the discontinuity between Stone age peoples in Northern Europe and present populations, whos mtDNA linages are not found among native American peoples, as shown by DNA studies before (http://dienekes.blogspot.no/2009/09/modern-scandinavians-descended-from.html)..so those theories hold no water in explaining this ancient link, if you ask me...



Yes, clearly its a veeeery old component, it might be indicative of some of the first peoples in north Eurasia and the Americas respectively..

Well Polako has been talking about ancient remains on the eastern edge of Europe carrying a mix of ancient European mtDNA and central Asian mtDNA. I'll see if i can find what he was talking about on molgen forum.

[Jackson]

http://eurogenes.blogspot.com.au/2013/02/post-mesolithic-population.html

[evon]

http://eurogenes.blogspot.com.au/2013/02/post-mesolithic-population.html

Thanks, i did not know he had done a entry on it, will give it a proper read tomorrow:)

[Graham]

I like that there's some studies on mtDNA. You don't see that often.

[Jackson]

I like that there's some studies on mtDNA. You don't see that often.

Yeah it's good. Mostly with mtDNA because it survives better over time. Apparently the y-chromosome is a bit of a wreck of a chromosome anyway, and doesn't always survive well for a long period after death, or something like that.

[papa diddy pop]

I like that there's some studies on mtDNA. You don't see that often.

no,i don't agree mtdna is always the first thing studied in DNA analysis

[Sky earth]

mtDNAs are more important when it comes to define phenotypes and it correlates better with Autosomal studies from different folks.
The good thing is that you know whether a Haplogroup is "Mongoloid" or "Caucasoid"
y-DNA is too difficult. You have the Haplogroup R1b which is represented on 3 races.

[Jackson]

mtDNAs are more important when it comes to define phenotypes and it correlates better with Autosomal studies from different folks.
The good thing is that you know whether a Haplogroup is "Mongoloid" or "Caucasoid"
y-DNA is too difficult. You have the Haplogroup R1b which is represented on 3 races.

True i suppose. The MTdna seems more representative of a given population as you say, due to the fact that there are very few (if any?) truly matrilineal societies. So Y-dna fluctuates a lot more by region than mt-DNA, although it is more useful for tracking migrations, generally speaking.

[evon]

This is most interesting part for Scandinavians i guess, will quote the sections David used rather then look through the paper right now:



The present-day Saami populations display clear haplotypic differences from all the ancient populations sampled for DNA so far (prehistoric hunter-gatherer populations of North/South/Central/East Europe, aUzPo and aBOO) where none of the hg V and U5b1b1a lineages distinctive of the Saami could be detected. We show here that the mitochondrial ancestors of the Saami could not be identified in the ancient NEE populations of aUzPo or aBOO, despite the latter site being within the area occupied by Saami today. The widespread modern-day distribution of U5b1 and V lineages makes it difficult to identify the origins of the Saami [32].

...

Saami mtDNA diversity has been influenced by a combination of founder event(s), (multiple) bottlenecks, and reproductive isolation, which are likely due to the challenging conditions of life in the subarctic taiga/tundra [32]. The complex demographic history of Saami renders their population history difficult to reconstruct on the basis of modern genetic data alone. Further temporal population samples will be required, especially along the proposed alternative western migration route into sub-arctic Europe.

We know they are very inbred, and this is why they have such low diversity in mtDNA groups, and also likely why they have their own specific mtDNA mutations such as 16144C along U5b1b1a.

[Pallantides]

mtDNAs are more important when it comes to define phenotypes and it correlates better with Autosomal studies from different folks.
The good thing is that you know whether a Haplogroup is "Mongoloid" or "Caucasoid"
y-DNA is too difficult. You have the Haplogroup R1b which is represented on 3 races.

my mtDNA haplogroup is found at low frequency from East Africa to Russia, so it's not always the case:P
http://i.imgur.com/lGiMYdP.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/6NW9540.jpg

Though it's classified as a West Eurasian haplogroup.

[Loki]

I hate it when they talk about "years before present". The present is ever-shifting. Thus articles like these will become outdated.

Much better is to use "BC" - a fixed point in time. I guess that's too politically incorrect :picard1:

[Jackson]

I hate it when they talk about "years before present". The present is ever-shifting. Thus articles like these will become outdated.

Much better is to use "BC" - a fixed point in time. I guess that's too politically incorrect :picard1:

Well present is taken as 1950, at least in regards to radiocarbon dating. Anything after 1950 is undateable using radiocarbon methods. I don't know if the same is done in other disciplines, as it doesn't need to be.

So at least with radiocarbon dating (which is one of the most common methods of dating dead material) 1950 is used as 'present' so really it is anchored. Probably they will change it in the next century to years before 1950, as it will be significantly 'not present' by then. :P

[evon]

my mtDNA haplogroup is found at low frequency from East Africa to Russia, so it's not always the case:P
Though it's classified as a West Eurasian haplogroup.

I am pretty sure that, if you had a FGS done, your sub-group would distance you from these guys...You can also check your mutations up against those found in the most recent phylotree (http://www.phylotree.org/tree/main.htm), maybe you are lucky and 23andme have tested some that can give you a new sub-group? easiest to check using this (http://dna.jameslick.com/mthap/) tool.

[Pallantides]

Sometime ago I used one of those analysis tolls that found my best subclade matches, I forgot what it was but it was the same as one of those Neolithic farmers from Central Europe


....

Which is utterly dull I might add, as I hoped that I'd belong to the same subclade as that Scythian mummy;)

[evon]

Sometime ago I used one of those analysis tolls that found my best subclade matches, I forgot what it was but it was the same as one of those Neolithic farmers from Central Europe

Meet your distant relative:
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ish7688voT0/TMsikyCxM3I/AAAAAAAACy0/wefRC2H8nOg/s1600/Caterina-Murino-1163863.jpg
:)

[papa diddy pop]

Meet your distant relative:
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ish7688voT0/TMsikyCxM3I/AAAAAAAACy0/wefRC2H8nOg/s1600/Caterina-Murino-1163863.jpg
:)

She got almost no caucasus/anatolian blood according to different admix calculators,almost only Mediterranean contrary to mainland Italian who got a lot of it .

Like this blue-eyed sardinian(supposed to come from a pretty isolated area in Sardinia called the Barbagia (barbarian country) ,area who resisted the most to invasion:


http://www.footballtop.com/sites/default/files/photos/players/sirigu_salvatore_0.jpg

[Jackson]

my mtDNA haplogroup is found at low frequency from East Africa to Russia, so it's not always the case:P


True. I have supposedly Mesolithic haplogroups, but i'm slightly more neolithic influenced than the average. Should swap.

[Pallantides]

Meet your distant relative:
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ish7688voT0/TMsikyCxM3I/AAAAAAAACy0/wefRC2H8nOg/s1600/Caterina-Murino-1163863.jpg
:)

Isn't it a bit ironic, you have more Neolithic admixture than me, yet I'm the one stuck with a Neolithic mtDNA haplogroup while yours is much older:p

Then again it's just one ancestral line among many.