PDA

View Full Version : Review of the Book Pedophiles and Priests



Beorn
10-14-2009, 04:22 PM
The issue of pedophile priests has been the source of much discussion both in and out of the Catholic community. Like all incendiary issues, it has been the subject of heated analysis, much of it irrationally based. The good news is that there is finally a book that examines the issue in a scholarly and sober manner. The book is Pedophiles and Priests, published this year [1996] by Oxford University Press, and written by a veteran Penn State historian, Philip Jenkins.

Jenkins is a first rate academic, and given that he is also an ex-Catholic, his book merits special attention. The first problem with conventional thinking on this subject is that almost all of those priests who have been charged with pedophilia have been charged with the wrong offense: the term pedophile refers to adult sex with youngsters who haven't reached puberty. Because the vast majority of alleged so-called pedophile priest cases involve teenagers, it is inaccurate to slap the term pedophilia on them. This is not to suggest for one moment that priest sex with anyone is somehow acceptable, it is simply to say that when charges are being bandied about, it is useful to speak truthfully about the nature of the charges.

Though Jenkins is an historian, he is well versed in sociology, especially the field of social problems. Social problems, he writes, are often the product of "social constructions" which is to say that prevailing ideologies help determine which objective conditions are regarded as socially problematic. What this means is that under new lens, what was once considered mundane or merely troublesome, now appears as a crisis that demands immediate attention.

To provide my own example, take poverty. It has always existed, but only in the 1960s (when there was less of it than ever before), did it become dubbed a social problem. The same is true of women's rights. The very same people who once resisted an Equal Rights Amendment, e.g., Eleanor Roosevelt, Judge Dorothy Kenyon, the ACLU and the League of Women's Voters, found themselves swept away by the social changes of the 1960s and 1970s and began pressing earnestly for an amendment they previously worked to defeat. It is not that the objective condition of women had seriously deteriorated from previous decades, rather it was that a new construction of reality had emerged.

Sexual misconduct has always existed among the Catholic clergy, the non-Catholic clergy and in the general populace as a whole. What is new is the way many elites in American society began to socially construct the problem of priest sexual abuse, beginning in the mid-1980s. Again, this is not said to exculpate the guilty, but it is to say that a "moral panic," as Jenkins terms it, did begin to evidence itself by 1985.

By the mid-1980s, several social currents that had begun in the 1960s had become institutionalized in American society. The civil rights movement of the 1960s, properly associated with the efforts of Martin Luther King, was the trigger for demands that went far beyond the goal of racial equality. In short time, virtually every segment of American society, from women to migrant farm workers, began to assert its rights and make claims against institutions and society in general. And they did so by using the weapon of the law. So, too, did those who pressed charges against priests, except it took two decades for them to do so.

Feminism took root in the 1960s, and with it came a concern for a newly discovered problem (it had always been there), namely child abuse. In the decades that followed, a whole host of abuse problems would surface, complete with victim and victimizer status. In due course, attention would focus on clergy sexual abuse.

Factionalism within the Church, as well as an adversarial media, also helped to define the contours of the problem. The disputes among politically divergent elements in the Church antedated the construction of the priest "pedophilia" problem, and when the time came for the problem to surface, both sides were ideologically prepared to weigh in with their own critiques. The media of the 1980s, which had by then become accustomed to drawing blood, also seized the moment.

Jenkins asks us to consider why there is no such term as "pastor pedophilia"? It is not for lack of pastors involved in sexual abuse, rather it has much to do with the way the issue of pedophilia has been "framed" by our social constructionists. For example, who ever heard of Tony Leyva? In the 1980s, Leyva had abused perhaps one hundred boys in several southern states, but few of us ever learned of it. Leyva had the distinction of being a Pentecostal minister and was, therefore, not within the "frame" of those who were busy constructing reality. The same is true of the three brothers, all Baptist ministers, who were charged with child molestation in the 1990s: the public learned little about this highly unusual series of cases because it was not deemed worthy of dissemination by those fixated on Catholic scandals.

Were it not for the way the problem of clergy sexual abuse has been socially defined, the public would know that the problem is hardly confined to the Catholic community. Indeed, as Jenkins has written, "In reality, Catholic clergy are not necessarily represented in the sexual abuse phenomenon at a rate higher than or even equal to their numbers in the clerical profession as a whole" The biggest difference between the Catholic and Protestant clergy in relation to this problem is due mostly to reporting procedures: there is no counterpart among Protestants to the highly centralized data keeping done by the Catholic Church, hence it is often difficult to make comparisons between the clergy of the two religions.

Notwithstanding the difficulties that such data comparisons hold, the available information on clergy sexual misconduct shows that the problem is bigger among Protestant clergy. For example, the most cited survey of sexual problems among the Protestant clergy shows that 10 percent have been involved in sexual misconduct and "about two or three percent" are "pedophiles." With regard to the "pedophile" problem, the figure for the Catholic clergy, drawn from the most authoritative studies, ranges between .2 percent to 1.7 percent. Yet we hear precious little about
these comparative statistics.

The reaction of the media to clergy problems has had something to do with the underreporting of this issue among Protestant clergy. Once the media elites focused their attention on framing the issue in terms of the "celibacy" problem, it became difficult for them to assert that the problem was larger among the non-celibate Protestant clergy. Moreover, the prurient interest appeal of the day-time television talk shows found better fodder conjuring up images of sexually deprived Catholic priests rather than in reporting the truth.

Catholic authors contributed to the hysteria. Jenkins names Father Jason Berry, the author of Lead Us Not Into Temptation, and Father Andrew Greeley, the sociologist turned sex novelist, as two principal actors in this melodrama. Berry's book, as the title implies, is bent on showing how natural the temptation to "pedophilia" is among celibate clergy. Chapter titles in his book, "The Sacred Secret" and "Clergy Sexual Abuse: Dirty Secrets Come to Light," offer just the kind of hype that is attractive to the likes of Geraldo Rivera, on whose program Berry appeared. Uninterested in the problem of clergy abuse across the board, Berry focuses exclusively on Catholic clergy misconduct.

Father Greeley, though not sympathetic to the celibacy-causes-pedophilia argument, nonetheless has done much to profile the problem of sexual abuse. For Greeley, it is the structure of the Catholic Church that gives rise to the problem. Cloaked in secrecy, the Catholic Church, Greeley charges, is similar to the Mafia, except that the Mafia does not tolerate deviancy the way the Church does. There is hardly a media outlet that Greeley hasn't used to vent his deep-seated anger at the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, which explains why he receives a receptive audience from those not otherwise disposed to treating Catholicism fairly.

Jenkins finds that there were Catholics on the right who also made hay with this issue (the reforms of Vatican II were to blame), but he concludes that it was the dissenters on the "Left/liberal" side of the political spectrum "who did most to shape and define the issue during the 1960s." In particular, Jenkins fingers the National Catholic Reporter for its reporting. Not only did this weekly newspaper provide gist for the larger media, it pioneered the term "pedophile priest" in the first place.

Then there is the book, A Gospel of Shame, written by Elinor Burkett and Frank Bruni. This diatribe attacks the Catholic Church broadside, contending that oppression has always been a staple of Catholicism. The book is loaded with chapter titles such as "While God Wasn't Watching" and "Revelations." Catholic misdeeds are stigmatized in similar language, e.g., "False Idols" "Casting Out Lepers" and "Cardinal Sins." Abusive acts are termed "The Crucifixion of Innocence" or "Suffer the Children" and the phrase, "The Silencing of the Lambs" is used to convey the polarities of good and evil. Unlike Berry, who is capable of doing some objective analysis, these authors are preoccupied with sensationalism, accounting for their popularity with those who want to demonize Catholicism.

The visuals used in television programs on this subject are, of course, laden with Catholic religious symbols, suggesting once again that there is some real nexus between religion and the problem. When liturgical music is added to the setting, the stigmatizing effect is complete. In the print medium, cartoonists have also had a field day, making the kind of sweeping generalizations that would never be tolerated if the subject were black crime, gay promiscuity, etc.

Jenkins does not neglect the important role that those in law have played in feeding off charges of clergy abuse. The litigious nature of our society, promoted largely by changes in law that have made it easier to soak those with alleged "deep pockets," has made the issue of clergy sex abuse a mini-industry for some attorneys. It has gotten to such absurd lengths that attempts to name the Pope as codefendant have been tried.

In many instances, the alleged abuse occurred so long ago that the statute of limitations has expired, the result being that civil litigation is pursued instead. But civil cases need only to establish guilt on the basis of the preponderance of evidence, a much lower standard than the reasonable doubt criterion used in criminal cases. In addition, civil cases do not require substantial evidence to begin litigation, and that makes it quite easy--and relatively inexpensive--to set a case in motion. Add to this the media attention that such charges garner, and the process of indictment is well under way.

Cardinal O'Connor of New York has been criticized by some for saying that although harassing counter suits should be avoided, the archdiocese would still fight "excessively punitive measures" or strategies designed "to teach the church a lesson." Jenkins deals with O'Connor fairly by saying that "The extraordinary inflation of damage claims virtually demands a vigorous defense." Indeed it does: only the naive or malevolent would claim otherwise.

"For purposes of litigation," writes Jenkins, "there is a natural commonality of interest between therapists and child-abuse experts on the one hand and the lawyers who are seeking to prove the extent and harm of clergy abuse on the other." Recall the incredible charges made by the late Steven Cook against Cardinal Bemardin and the attention it received from those in law and in the media. "Recovered memory," surely one of the most contentious and least scientific methods of psychological insight, was used to establish that Cook had had "a seeing and feeling memory" about an incident seventeen years earlier. But Cook later recanted, saying he wasn't sure about his memory. Yet there are many in the therapeutic profession who continue to entertain such discredited concepts.

In the 1960s and 1970s, therapists generally understood that sexual abuse was treatable, itself a condition of some prior malady. Jenkins is right in asserting that officials in the Catholic Church embraced the reigning orthodoxy, and is he also right in maintaining that when the tide turned in the 1980s--when a more litigious approach gained favor--those same officials were now seen as culprits, men who sought to treat a problem that demanded a more punitive approach. In this instance, when reality was socially reconstructed, it had unfortunate consequences for the Church.

It would be impossible to appreciate the magnification of this issue into a "moral panic" without addressing anti-Catholicism. Jenkins pulls no punches here, stating that "much of the analysis of the 'pedophile crisis' from 1985 onward can legitimately be described as anti-Catholic." In his concluding notes, Jenkins argues that "the pedophile issue has legitimized patterns of rhetoric and prejudice that would have been quite familiar in the era of the Know-Nothings."

Jenkins, of course, has no problem with those who report on clergy sexual abuse. But there is a difference between a story that focuses on the alleged wrongdoing of a priest and one that seeks to indict Roman Catholicism. There is a difference between analyzing clergy abuse in the Protestant community by dealing solely with the abuser, and attempting a cause and effect relationship between a wayward priest and the structural and psychodynamic conditions of the Catholic Church. Root causes, it seems, are of selective interest to many who cover this issue.

The idea of priest as sexual deviant, Jenkins notes, is nothing new, having been a characteristic of medieval Europe, Tudor England, Revolutionary France, Nazi Germany and Republican Spain. Especially Nazi Germany. "The enduring power of the pedophile theme," Jenkins says, "is suggested by the fact that this was the propaganda device utilized by the Nazis in their attempt to break the power of the German Catholic church, especially in the realm of education and social services." Himmler charged that "not one crime is lacking from perjury through incest to sexual murder," offering the sinister comment that no one really knows what is going on "behind the walls of monasteries and in the ranks of the Roman brotherhood."

There has been quite an evolution in the way Church officials have responded to this problem. Before the mid-1980s, that is before the "moral panic" surfaced, individual cases of clergy sexual abuse were dealt with by the dioceses in varying ways. But in 1992 and 1993, following the lead of the Chicago Archdiocese, dioceses around the country began instituting tight measures, and the National Catholic Conference of Bishops set forth stringent guidelines that also addressed the problem.

Unfortunately, we now have the predictable problem of overkill. It is not uncommon anymore to hear priests admit that they do not want to take kids in vans, be with altar boys alone, hug schoolchildren (forbidden by the Archdiocese of Los Angeles) or even horse around in a school playground. The stigmas and taboos that exist are, quite naturally, the outgrowth of a determined effort to "get the Church." It would have been sociologically incoherent had some other outcome been realized.

This book by Philip Jenkins deserves a wide audience, but given the way the issue of clergy sexual abuse has been framed, it will not be easy for Jenkins to get a fair hearing. Don't look for the Sally Jesses of this world to invite him to appear on their show. They have made up their minds, and what they have concluded is that there is something terribly awry with the Catholic Church. All the evidence in the world won't convince them that sexual abuse of youths is found in many segments of society, from married men to ministers, and that Catholic priests actually have a lower rate of offense than their non-celibate counterparts.

To those still interested in the pursuit of truth—and not ideology—the Jenkins volume offers much to digest. It is a tribute to him that he has been able to wade through this politicized forest and emerge with a clear vision. His book is no whitewash, rather it is the product of a scholarly exercise, the kind which used to be the rule, and not the exception, in academia.

Source (http://www.catholicleague.org/research/pedophiles_and_priests.htm)

Beorn
10-14-2009, 04:29 PM
It's not been a good week for the Roman Catholic Church. More stories are coming out about abuse by priests; TIME runs a cover story asking if the Church can survive and the Pope is forced to issue the banalist of statements declaring that paedophile priests are not welcome in the church. Meanwhile the impression grows in the popular consciousness that priests are perverts and that the Church is involved in a scandalous cover up.



Of course we all know the reason. It's the doctrine of celibacy. If only the Roman Church did not have such false teaching on this subject then these priests would be married and the children would be safe. Or at least that is what various Protestant publications will, almost gleefully, be pointing out. Sadly that argument has been propagated on our own message board. But it is wrong. It is facile and it ignores the far greater issues involved. Certainly there is a problem with the Catholic teaching about clergy celibacy - (we will come to that later) but the notion that it is this teaching that explains the current news re paedophilic priests is trite and indeed dangerous. Consider the following.



1) Most American churches being accused of child sexual abuse are Protestant. Over the past ten years an average of 70 churches per week have been accused of child abuse.


2) It is not just Roman Catholic clergy who are involved in this. For example the Episcopal Church in the US has the same proportion of child sex scandals as the Catholic - yet it allows its priests to be married and to have children. Furthermore, according to Leadership Journal, there a number of prominent Protestant churches in the Midwest and South who are currently facing accusations of criminal sexual conduct.



In Church terms we cannot just see this problem as a Roman Catholic problem which would be cured if the Church allowed its priests to marry. This is a problem that is deeply rooted in our society. In order for the church to deal with this issue we need to understand it and we need to try and avoid facile and simplistic explanations and solutions.

Is Paedophilia a growing problem? Not according to statistics released from the US Department of Justice who report that the peak was 150,000 substantiated cases in 1992 and that this has dropped to a current low of 100,000 today. However we need to be careful with statistics - especially when it comes to child abuse which is notoriously difficult to prove and assess. Even with the very best statistics it still remains the case that in Britain the government believes that there are one million potential paedophiles and in the US around 4% of the population are thought to be a danger.



Is it the case that the majority of child abusers are priests, teachers, Boy Scout leaders and other adults who work with children? No. The vast majority of abuse cases occur within the home. 50% of abused children are abused by one or both of their parents. Less than one third of abuse cases occur outside the home.

What causes paedophilia? Perhaps it is the case that those who abuse have themselves been abused. This is true in one third of cases but that still leaves a large majority who do not fit into that explanation. Some psychiatrists have wanted to argue that paedophilia is a brain disease - in fact it is listed as an illness in most psychiatric manuals. Other scientists have suggested that chromosal abnormalities or psychological problems during puberty are responsible.



But these are just unproven theories - and even if research was to show that there was some truth in them they are surely little better than the ‘celibacy causes abuse’ argument. They do not take into account the wider picture and they dare not use the unmentionable three letter word - 'sin'. Of course there may be environmental factors, there may be genetic and psychological factors but the bottom line is that the sexual abuse of children is wrong. It is against God's children. It is against Gods Law. It is against God. Therefore it is sin. As such it can be explained but it must not be explained away or excused. As such it can be treated but the aspect of moral responsibility must not be removed.



Which is why our society will only ever be able to deal with the 'fruit' and not the 'root' of the problem. The presuppositions of many of the opinion formers in our society will not allow them to deal with the root. If you believe that man is just an accidental conglomeration of chemicals then you have no moral basis for condemning the actions of paedophiles. If you ignore the law of God on the purpose and context of sex then you have no logical basis on which to condemn those who would abuse children. A society which regards homosexuality as a legitimate expression of human sexuality has little moral suasion with those who would regard sexual activity with children as normal. It may be unthinkable just now but the day could easily come when those of us who oppose paedophilia will be regarded with the same contempt at those who now oppose homosexuality. A 'revelatory' moment for me on this subject was when I took part in a TV debate on the question of 'gay adoption'. Afterwards I spoke to my opponents and suggested to them that the logical conclusion of their position was that there should be no age of consent and that adults should be able to have sex with children. Rather than be illogical (which is what I expected) the gay rights activists told me that they thought that they should be allowed to have sex with children - providing both consented - and they even informed me that my children were repressed because I would not allow them to experiment sexually (at that time my two children were aged 8 and 6!). This is what happens when we ignore the instructions of the Maker. I am not sure that a society which allows its children to dress up as sex objects and which so demeans sex can expect anything other than to reap what it sows.



Having said that, this makes the current scandal involving the Catholic Church all the more shameful. The Church should be the very organisation which challenges the pre-suppositions of society and demonstrates the effectiveness of that challenge by leading holy and godly lives. Not an organization which is perceived as being a focal point for abuse and cover up.

The problem is not that of celibacy. There is a Christian doctrine of celibacy and I honour those who for the sake of the kingdom have remained single - including the vast majority of priests. (By the way it should be obvious that the teaching about celibacy is not just abstention from marriage but abstention from sex – therefore those priests who engage in any kind of sexual relations are in breach of their ordination vows). Of course there is no biblical justification for insisting that one cannot be a priest or minister unless one is single. But neither is there any justification for the de facto situation which exists in many reformed churches - that you cannot be a minister unless you are married (I know of several congregations who have made it quite clear that they want a 'family man' - how else will he understand? Anyone if he is still single there must be something wrong?!). Nor is it exactly dignifying to marriage to say that unless someone marries they might have had to abuse children!



The bigger problem is that the Roman doctrine of the priesthood is far removed from the bible. The separation of clergy and laity has no New Testament warrant at all. Much sexual abuse is about power as much as lust. Priests are placed in an incredibly powerful position. They are almost untouchable. The great shame with the current situation is not just the horror of the abuse taking place but the fact that it was covered up by the hierarchy of the Church. Bishop Pierre Pican of Bayeux in France is to stand trial for refusing to report Father Rene Bissey who had confessed to him that he had raped and abused 11 boys. Pican knew of the abuse two years before Bissey was arrested but did not do anything about it. A similar story has been told again and again in the US. Cardinal Law of Boston, Archbishop Egan of New York and Archbishop Mahoney of Los Angeles are all accused of covering up and refusing to act. Even the Pope's involvement at the end last week was due more to financial than moral pressures. The Catholic Church stands to lose billions.



Rather than protect the young and weak the church has sought to protect those who have been guilty of the most heinous betrayal of trust and of the gospel. Its repentance must be real and gospel based. It is only the gospel that gives us the grace and strength to admit our sins, be vulnerable and stand for what is right and true. Can the Roman Catholic Church be saved? Only if it returns to the Bible.



What is true of the Catholic Church is also true of the Reformed Church. We must learn to take the beam out of our own eyes. We too can get involved in power games where prestige and money count more than love and gospel faithfulness. We too have those in our congregations who are guilty of misusing the authority given them by God, (whether in church leadership or in leadership of their homes) to abuse those who are weaker. We too have gone along too much with the relativistic culture which demeans sexuality and degrades all humanity. We have kept silent about many things. We should teach our young people about God's gift of sexuality without giving the impression that it is somehow dirty and disgusting. We must help those who have been perverted and we must even seek to help the abusers. Such were some of us but now we are redeemed. Now we are whole or at least being made whole. And now we hate and abhor anything that would demean the image of God in any of his creation and we seek to work for redemption and to bring the gospel to all. The only alternative to an increasingly abusive society is for the church to be Gods counter culture – building up, loving and honouring rather than abusing and destroying. Let it be.


Source (http://www.freechurch.org/issues/2002/april02.htm)

Beorn
10-14-2009, 04:31 PM
Another good article I found whilst Googling. Just an excerpt this time.


National surveys by Christian Ministry Resources (CMR), a tax and legal-advice publisher serving more than 75,000 congregations and 1,000 denominational agencies, has also issued a report that found that child-abuse allegations against American Protestant churches averaged 70 per week since 1993, with a slight downward trend starting in 1997. The same report also found that among Protestant churches, volunteers are more likely than clergy or paid staff to be abusers.


In 2002, Rt. Rev. William Persell, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Chicago, said in a sermon on Good Friday, “We would be naïve and dishonest were we to say this is a Roman Catholic problem and has nothing to do with us because we have married and female priests in our church. Sin and abusive behaviour know no ecclesial or other boundaries.”


Source (http://sleepyoldbear.wordpress.com/2009/10/01/this-is-not-news-but-worth-repeating-the-rcc-has-been-betrayed-not-by-paedophiles-but-by-homosexuals/)

Fortis in Arduis
10-15-2009, 01:35 AM
Priests make some very human errors but at least they try to be Godly.

That someone makes the effort affirms the rest of us. Most child sexual abuse occurs within families and we have yet to acknowledge this and deal with it.

Does that sound apologetic?

We are just human beings.

Crimson Guard
11-07-2009, 11:36 PM
This man is an ex-Catholic, so I wonder how unbiased is he? But he does mention the no brainer of, "Sexual misconduct has always existed among the Catholic clergy, the non-Catholic clergy and in the general populace as a whole." It should be noted and remembered that these people are still human and are not infallible, some seep into the echelons of power, same as they do in politics. Buts its far too overly concentrated and maybe drawn out by the media to center on the Roman Catholic Church imo.

But any scum involved in pedophilia and child molestation should be punished and the children and their parents shouldve did something long ago. When my father was hit on the knuckles with a ruler by a overly strict and bitch of a nun, his mother(my grandmother) went to the school and knocked her out and the situation was straightened out. People who are too passive and allow themselves to be complacent to the abuse and mistreatment is no good at all. Have to stand up and speak up and act, not only for yourself but also to aid others and save them from similar treatment. I dont particular care for all the anti-Catholic stuff in the media though, sure this stuff unfortunately exists and their is devilish rotten apples that hide themselves in the Holy cloth and the church should've did more and screen better potential priests and nuns.

Homosexual degenerate predators are dangerous, as is any sexual predator.
Pity for these children in any event however that suffer at the hands of evil.

But these sorta things arent limited to Catholics. I am sure thre is a long list of Jewish Child molestor Rabbis which get no media coverage and Jewish homosexual pedophiles are undisturbed.

Back in May there was this story:

NY Rabbi Gets 30 Years for Child Molestation

http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=7546653

Protestants arent exempt from this sorta vile thing either.


*Also, it seems this went on in the Church of England as well. There is a story from 2007:


Child abuse has gone unchecked in the Church of England for decades amid a cover up by bishops, secret papers have revealed.


Lawyers warned last night that the Church faces a crisis as catastrophic as the one that engulfed the Roman Catholic Church and cost it millions of pounds in damages.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1566826/C-of-E-child-abuse-was-ignored-for-decades.html

Klärchen
02-21-2010, 05:02 PM
Shame and Fear: Inside Germany's Catholic Sexual Abuse Scandal (http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,676497-5,00.html)

Please read this appeal to the European Court of Human Rights and sign, and forward this link to others as well:

http://www.norbert.denef.com/petition/?l=en

After signing one will receive a confirmation mail with a link that has to be clicked in order to validate one's signature.