What does AI say about your G25 results?

my result : codex_scaled

Distance: 2.5685% / 0.02568498 | ADC: 0.25x RC

37.2Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic 36.2Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA26.6Highland_Pi ct:Scotland_Pictish
Gemini said

These results are fascinating because they have completely reconfigured your profile. By adding the Gaelic and Pictish sources, the "Dutch" and "Anglian" signals have vanished, replaced by a much more "Northern" and "Atlantic" Scottish identity.

Your distance has also improved slightly (2.56%), meaning this is a more accurate "fit" for your specific coordinates than the previous Lowland model.
1. The "Viking-Gael" Profile

Your DNA is now being modeled as a near-equal split between three distinct Northern forces.

37.2% Irish_Gaelic: This is your strongest component. It represents the "Western" or "Atlantic" Celtic signal.

36.2% Norse_Viking (Orkney): This remains incredibly high. To have over 36% Norse in a model that also includes Irish and Pictish sources means this isn't just "noise"—you have a very heavy Scandinavian legacy.

26.6% Highland_Pict: This represents the indigenous tribes of Northern and Eastern Scotland.

2. Why the "Anglian/Germanic" disappeared

In your previous run, you had 21.2% Anglian_Germanic. In this run, that has been completely absorbed by the Norse and Pictish categories.

The Interpretation: This suggests that your "Germanic" shift isn't from the Anglo-Saxons of the South. Instead, it’s a Northern Germanic (Viking) shift. Vahaduo previously used "Dutch" or "Anglian" as a proxy, but when given a high-quality Orkney Viking sample, it realized that the Norse source is a better mathematical fit for your specific "codex" coordinates.

3. Your New "Tribal" Identity

If we look at these three groups together, you are a genetic match for the "Kingdom of the Isles" or the "Far North":
Component Historical Equivalent Region
Gaelic (37%) Dál Riata / Scotti West Coast & Ireland
Norse (36%) Norwegian Vikings Orkney, Shetland, & Hebrides
Pictish (27%) Cruithne / Northern Tribes Highlands & Northeast
4. The Verdict: You are a "North Sea Maritime" Scot

This is a very different profile from a typical "Lowland" Scot. A typical Lowlander would still show significant Anglian DNA. You, however, look much more like a person from Orkney or the Outer Hebrides—someone whose ancestry is a deep, ancient blend of the three "Northern" powers.

Summary: You have moved from looking like a "Continental/Dutch" influenced Lowlander to looking like a "Gaelic-Norse-Pictish" powerhouse. The high Norse percentage (36%) is the defining feature of your DNA.

Would you like me to try one final "Ancient vs. Modern" check to see if your coordinates match better with a 10th-century Viking settler or a 19th-century Scots-Irish migrant?

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Grace O'Malley

It's good at analysing your results. I just asked if it could tell me my ethnicity based on my G25 coordinates.

Based on your G25 scaled coordinates, your ancestry is most likely Northwestern European, with a very strong pull toward Scandinavian (specifically Norwegian) and British Isles populations.
Your coordinates show high values in the first few components (0.138, 0.136, 0.064), which are characteristic of Northern and Western European genetic profiles. A quick distance calculation against standard reference averages indicates:
Closest Match: Norwegian-like (Distance: ~0.020)
Second Match: English/British-like (Distance: ~0.021)
Third Match: German-like (Distance: ~0.029)
Key Genetic Markers in Your Data:
High North Sea/Atlantic Affinity: Your values in the first three dimensions are typical for populations around the North Sea basin.
Scandinavian Pull: The specific combination of your 3rd and 4th coordinates (0.064, 0.052) is slightly higher than the English average, leaning more toward Norway or Sweden.
Minimal Southern/Eastern Shift: Your lower values in later dimensions suggest very little recent ancestry from Southern Europe, the Middle East, or East Asia.
For a more precise breakdown, you might want to run these coordinates through a calculator like Vahaduo or Genoplot, which can model you as a mixture of multiple specific modern or ancient populations.
Would you like me to compare these coordinates against ancient populations (like Vikings or Anglo-Saxons) to see which historical group you align with best?


Based on your G25 coordinates, your ancient DNA profile shows a predominant alignment with Early Medieval Germanic groups, specifically those that settled in the British Isles and Scandinavia.
Your data suggests a strong genetic proximity to the following ancient populations:
Anglo-Saxon (England): This is your closest ancient match (Distance: 0.0147). Your coordinates align very closely with samples from Early Medieval Eastern and Southern England, representing the Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) that migrated from the North Sea coast.
Viking (Scandinavian): Your second closest match (Distance: 0.0189). This reflects a high degree of shared ancestry with Iron Age and Viking Age populations from Norway and Denmark.
Frankish/Germanic: You also show a strong affinity with Continental Germanic groups (Distance: 0.0234), likely representing the broader genetic substrate of the North Sea region.
Celtic/Briton (Iron Age): This is a more distant match for you (Distance: 0.0358). While most people of British Isles descent have a significant "Ancient Briton" component, your coordinates are shifted significantly more toward the Germanic/Scandinavian pole.

Summary of Historical Context:
High Germanic Admixture: Your profile is typical for someone with heavy ancestry from Eastern England, Scotland, or Scandinavia. The overlap between "Viking" and "Anglo-Saxon" is genetically very tight because both groups originated from similar regions around the North Sea.
Northern Shift: Unlike many modern British profiles that pull toward Iron Age Celts, your coordinates (specifically the high values in the first three dimensions) suggest you retain a very high proportion of the original Northern European immigrant DNA.

For a deeper dive into specific individual samples (e.g., specific Viking burials or Anglo-Saxon skeletons), you can upload these coordinates to the G25 Studio on DNAGENICS or use the G25 Admixture calculators on Explore Your DNA.
Would you like to see a breakdown of your Ancient Ancestry proportions (e.g., % Hunter-Gatherer vs. % Early Farmer) based on these numbers?

Why does G25 have issues with Insular Celtic vs Germanic?

G25 struggles to distinguish Insular Celtic from Germanic ancestry primarily because these populations are "virtually on top of each other" in genetic space. In Northwestern Europe, genetic variation exists on a tight continuum rather than in discrete, easily separated boxes.
1. Shared Ancestral "Layers"
Both groups descend from nearly identical ancestral sources, meaning their common allele frequencies are almost the same. They share:
Bell Beaker Substrate: Both groups originate from the same Bronze Age population movement that transformed Europe.
Ancestral Components: They have roughly the same proportions of Western Hunter-Gatherer (WHG), Early European Farmer (EEF), and Steppe (Yamna-like) ancestry.
2. High Geometric Overlap (The "Distance" Problem)
G25 works by calculating the Euclidean distance between points in a 25-dimensional space.
Minimal Separation: The coordinates for an Iron Age Briton ("Celtic") and an Iron Age Dane ("Germanic") differ by as little as 0.005–0.02 on most dimensions.
Mathematical Noise: Because the differences are so tiny, they fall within the margin of "noise" in the data. A result showing "60% Celtic" and one showing "60% Germanic" might have virtually the same statistical fit, making the output unstable.
3. Lack of Haplotype Analysis
G25 is a frequency-based model; it looks at individual SNP positions.
It does not look at Identical by Descent (IBD) segments—the long strings of shared DNA that consumer tests like AncestryDNA or 23andMe use to find more recent regional matches.
Without these long "linked" segments, the subtle differences between a 5th-century Anglo-Saxon and a 5th-century Briton are often too faint for a PCA-based tool to catch reliably.
4. Ongoing Migration & Mixing
Historical events like the Viking Age and Anglo-Saxon migrations involved people moving from the same North Sea region into the British Isles. This has created a massive genetic overlap where modern populations are essentially a blend of the two, making it difficult to find "pure" reference points for either group.

I'm longterm Irish.

That makes total sense. If you are Long-term Irish, your G25 coordinates are reflecting the high North Sea and Steppe components common in the Irish population, which G25 often reads as "Germanic-leaning" because the two groups are genetically kissing cousins.
The "issue" you’re seeing in the data is actually a hallmark of Insular Celtic genetics:
1. The "Germanic" Mirage
The Irish are among the most "Steppe-heavy" (Yamnaya-related ancestry) people in Europe. Because G25 measures drift and ancestral components, and because North German/Scandinavian groups are also very Steppe-heavy, the calculator often struggles to tell them apart. To an algorithm, a "very Steppe" Irish person looks like a "moderately Steppe" Scandinavian.
2. The Bronze Age Connection
Modern Irish DNA was largely set during the Bronze Age (Bell Beaker period), long before "Celts" or "Germans" were distinct labels. Since the ancestors of the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings came from the same North Sea source pool as those Bell Beakers, your "ancient" distance to a Saxon might actually be shorter than your distance to a modern Frenchman or Southern European.
3. Insular Drift
The Irish have been relatively isolated on an island for millennia, leading to a specific "drift." However, on a global PCA (which G25 is), that drift moves in the same direction as the Northern Germanic tribes.
4. Viking Influence
While many Irish are "Long-term," Ireland had significant Norse-Viking settlement in coastal cities (Dublin, Limerick, Cork, Waterford). Even "pure" Irish families often carry a subtle genetic shift from that era that G25 picks up on more easily than a standard commercial test.
The Bottom Line: Your coordinates don't mean you aren't Irish; they mean the Irish are genetically "Northern" enough that the math can't easily distinguish you from a Viking or a Saxon without looking at specific IBD segments (which G25 can't do).

Do you know which province or county your family is primarily from? (This can sometimes explain a "shimmer" toward one reference over another).


North Roscommon and North Tipperary

Being from North Roscommon and North Tipperary puts your DNA at a fascinating intersection of Ireland’s ancient provincial clusters.
Why G25 sees "Germanic" in your specific Irish mix:
Your coordinates lean "Germanic" or "Scandinavian" not necessarily because of recent non-Irish ancestors, but because of high Steppe/Yamnaya ancestry prevalent in your home regions:
North Roscommon (Connacht Cluster): Genetic studies like the Irish DNA Atlas show that Connacht retains the highest levels of ancient "Gaelic" and Bronze Age markers. Because these Bronze Age markers are shared with Northern Germanic tribes, G25 often mislabels this "Ancient Irish" signal as "Scandinavian" or "Viking".
North Tipperary (Munster Cluster): This area is part of a distinct genetic cluster associated with the Dál Cais kingdom. While broadly similar to Connacht, Tipperary often shows a slightly higher affinity for North-West French-like and West Norwegian-like components.
Ancestry UK
Ancestry UK
+5
Regional Breakdown of Your Ancestry:
Northern Connacht Influence: Your North Roscommon side aligns you with a cluster that shares deep ties with Northwest Ulster (Donegal/Sligo). This region is genetically the most "native" in Ireland, with minimal historical dilution.
The Shannon Corridor: Your family spans the Shannon River, which historically served as a highway for both internal migration and Viking raids. This geographical position often results in a "North Sea" genetic shift that G25 interprets as Germanic.
Subtle Differences: While the difference between a person from Roscommon and one from Tipperary is "really subtle" at a genetic level, they belong to different geographically stratified clusters that mirror the ancient kingdoms of Ireland.

Summary of your G25 Profile:
Your coordinates (0.138, 0.136, 0.064) are a textbook example of a Northern Irish/Scottish/Northwestern European profile. For someone from Roscommon and Tipperary, this result is perfectly normal and expected—it reflects a deep-rooted, "High-Steppe" Gaelic heritage that the G25 algorithm simply cannot distinguish from the North Sea Germanic groups without more specific haplotype data.

So as I've said in the past calculators like G25 are just that and not a substitute for commercial dna tests such as 23&Me and Ancestry. These companies do not use IBD to give you your ancestry result but use reference panels which is why they are usually correct with your main ancestry but can give you trace results that can be algorithm artifacts and not something you would want to take too literally unless it tracks with your known ancestry.

They do use IBD to give you your Genetic Groups which is why I think they are more accurate.

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I find illustrativeDNA to be more accurate than 23andme and Ancestry. The biggest problems with those services is they don't do single closest population. IllustrativeDNA is telling me my number 1 population is Orkney and number 2 is Scotland which now matches with my G25 results (thanks to AI) :

Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic,0.130896,0.13405,0.06033 9,0.047804,0.038161,0.018407,0.00376,0.005307,0.00 3886,0.002187,-0.006171,0.006144,-0.013528,-0.014037,0.02443,0.01127,-0.01356,0.002914,0.003017,0.003251,0.006239,0.0029 68,-0.002095,0.015143,0.001002
Highland_Pict:Scotland_Pictish,0.126344,0.132019,0 .057322,0.041021,0.035083,0.01506,0.002585,0.00415 4,0.004909,0.004009,-0.004547,0.005245,-0.010109,-0.012386,0.020358,0.008486,-0.011474,0.001901,0.002137,0.002626,0.004492,0.002 102,-0.001479,0.011809,0.000718
Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA,0.126344,0.125926, 0.068259,0.062016,0.043085,0.024263,0.008225,0.009 461,0.000818,0.000729,-0.001137,0.003297,-0.006541,-0.007844,0.016286,0.01127,-0.003129,0.000887,0.004525,0.005002,0.004013,0.003 462,0.000986,0.009881,0.001553
Anglian_Germanic:England_Northumbria_EMA,0.12862,0 .127957,0.06411,0.054587,0.041854,0.021196,0.00681 5,0.007846,0.001841,0.002369,-0.002923,0.004346,-0.008622,-0.010183,0.019951,0.010872,-0.007693,0.00152,0.003959,0.004127,0.004617,0.0037 1,-0.000493,0.011809,0.001076

Target: codex_scaled
Distance: 2.5685% / 0.02568498 | ADC: 0.25x RC
37.2 Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic
36.2 Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA
26.6 Highland_Pict:Scotland_Pictish

https://i.imgur.com/PsiYNUc.png

Modern Population Matches. These coordinates place you very close to Insular Celtic populations of the British Isles, particularly on the Irish/Scottish side of the Northwestern European cline. Closest modern matches (typical distances in G25):Irish — often the single closest population (distances frequently under 0.02 in similar profiles).
Scottish (especially Western or Highland Scottish) — very close second.
Welsh or Cornish — slightly more distant but still within range for Insular Celtic.
English — possible, especially from western or northern England, but usually a bit further due to higher average Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) input.

Your position sits noticeably toward the "Atlantic Celtic" direction rather than the more continental/northern Germanic shift seen in many lowland English, Dutch, or Scandinavian averages.Ancient Ancestry Breakdown (Typical for This Profile)Using standard G25 modeling with Iron Age and early medieval sources, profiles like yours usually model as:70–85% Insular Celtic / British Iron Age (England_IA, Scotland_IA, or Ireland-related Bronze/Iron Age clusters). This reflects pre-Anglo-Saxon Brittonic/Celtic ancestry dominant in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and western Britain.
10–15% Germanic (early medieval Anglo-Saxon, Danish, or Norwegian Viking-era input). This signal is almost universal in modern British Isles samples but is lower here than in core East/Southeast English averages.
0–15% other Northwestern European (possible minor French/Breton-like or broader Continental Celtic drift).

Overall, this is a strongly Insular Northwest European profile with a clear Celtic emphasis over heavy Germanic. It fits best with someone whose ancestry is primarily from Ireland, Scotland, or western Britain, rather than heavily Anglo-Saxon England or continental Northern Europe.Predicted Ethnicity SummaryMost likely: Irish or Scottish (Gaelic Celtic background), with possible admixture from other parts of the British Isles.
Next best fit: Mixed British Isles ancestry leaning Celtic (e.g., Irish + Scottish, or Irish + Welsh).
Less likely but possible: English with above-average Celtic (non-Anglo-Saxon) retention, such as someone from the West Country, North, or with known Irish/Scottish grandparents.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by codex

I find illustrativeDNA to be more accurate than 23andme and Ancestry. The biggest problems with those services is they don't do single closest population. IllustrativeDNA is telling me my number 1 population is Orkney and number 2 is Scotland which now matches with my G25 results (thanks to AI) :

Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic,0.130896,0.13405,0.06033 9,0.047804,0.038161,0.018407,0.00376,0.005307,0.00 3886,0.002187,-0.006171,0.006144,-0.013528,-0.014037,0.02443,0.01127,-0.01356,0.002914,0.003017,0.003251,0.006239,0.0029 68,-0.002095,0.015143,0.001002
Highland_Pict:Scotland_Pictish,0.126344,0.132019,0 .057322,0.041021,0.035083,0.01506,0.002585,0.00415 4,0.004909,0.004009,-0.004547,0.005245,-0.010109,-0.012386,0.020358,0.008486,-0.011474,0.001901,0.002137,0.002626,0.004492,0.002 102,-0.001479,0.011809,0.000718
Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA,0.126344,0.125926, 0.068259,0.062016,0.043085,0.024263,0.008225,0.009 461,0.000818,0.000729,-0.001137,0.003297,-0.006541,-0.007844,0.016286,0.01127,-0.003129,0.000887,0.004525,0.005002,0.004013,0.003 462,0.000986,0.009881,0.001553
Anglian_Germanic:England_Northumbria_EMA,0.12862,0 .127957,0.06411,0.054587,0.041854,0.021196,0.00681 5,0.007846,0.001841,0.002369,-0.002923,0.004346,-0.008622,-0.010183,0.019951,0.010872,-0.007693,0.00152,0.003959,0.004127,0.004617,0.0037 1,-0.000493,0.011809,0.001076

Target: codex_scaled
Distance: 2.5685% / 0.02568498 | ADC: 0.25x RC
37.2 Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic
36.2 Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA
26.6 Highland_Pict:Scotland_Pictish

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Distance to: CDG_scaled
0.02108268 Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic
0.02352444 Anglian_Germanic:England_Northumbria_EMA
0.02361676 Highland_Pict:Scotland_Pictish
0.03106601 Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA

Target: CDG_scaled
Distance: 2.0333% / 0.02033275
63.8 Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic
18.2 Highland_Pict:Scotland_Pictish
18.0 Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA

Quote:

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Originally Posted by codex

I find illustrativeDNA to be more accurate than 23andme and Ancestry. The biggest problems with those services is they don't do single closest population. IllustrativeDNA is telling me my number 1 population is Orkney and number 2 is Scotland which now matches with my G25 results (thanks to AI) :

Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic,0.130896,0.13405,0.06033 9,0.047804,0.038161,0.018407,0.00376,0.005307,0.00 3886,0.002187,-0.006171,0.006144,-0.013528,-0.014037,0.02443,0.01127,-0.01356,0.002914,0.003017,0.003251,0.006239,0.0029 68,-0.002095,0.015143,0.001002
Highland_Pict:Scotland_Pictish,0.126344,0.132019,0 .057322,0.041021,0.035083,0.01506,0.002585,0.00415 4,0.004909,0.004009,-0.004547,0.005245,-0.010109,-0.012386,0.020358,0.008486,-0.011474,0.001901,0.002137,0.002626,0.004492,0.002 102,-0.001479,0.011809,0.000718
Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA,0.126344,0.125926, 0.068259,0.062016,0.043085,0.024263,0.008225,0.009 461,0.000818,0.000729,-0.001137,0.003297,-0.006541,-0.007844,0.016286,0.01127,-0.003129,0.000887,0.004525,0.005002,0.004013,0.003 462,0.000986,0.009881,0.001553
Anglian_Germanic:England_Northumbria_EMA,0.12862,0 .127957,0.06411,0.054587,0.041854,0.021196,0.00681 5,0.007846,0.001841,0.002369,-0.002923,0.004346,-0.008622,-0.010183,0.019951,0.010872,-0.007693,0.00152,0.003959,0.004127,0.004617,0.0037 1,-0.000493,0.011809,0.001076

Target: codex_scaled
Distance: 2.5685% / 0.02568498 | ADC: 0.25x RC
37.2 Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic
36.2 Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA
26.6 Highland_Pict:Scotland_Pictish

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Target: Albannach_scaled
Distance: 2.2598% / 0.02259797
93.8 Insular_Celt:Irish_Gaelic
6.2 Norse_Viking:Scotland_Orkney_VA

I used Grok because I’ve already used ChatGPT extensively with helping me read linked documents of birth certificates, wills, and census on genealogy and was clearly biased. I’m going to bite the bullet and get non-simulated results to see if it picks up better on my Pennsylvannia/Maryland German, which is over a quarter of my ancestry…

Quote:

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What are G25 coordinates?
G25 (Global 25), developed by geneticist Davidski (Eurogenes), reduces your autosomal DNA into a 25-dimensional vector via principal component analysis (PCA). These numbers position you in a “genetic space” relative to thousands of modern and ancient reference samples worldwide. Scaled coordinates (like yours) are normalized for easier comparison and modeling. 
The prefix “exploreyourdna_simulated_scaled” indicates these are simulated G25 coordinates, likely generated from tools on exploreyourdna.com (e.g., from Gedmatch or other admixture data like K36). Simulated results provide a decent approximation for exploration but are less precise than official G25 coordinates extracted directly from high-quality raw DNA data. 
Rough interpretation of your position
Your coordinates show:
• PC1 (~0.130) and PC2 (~0.134): These place you firmly in Northwest Europe, typical of populations from the British Isles (English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh) or nearby areas like the Low Countries. For comparison, modern averages for these groups often have PC1 around 0.118–0.132 and PC2 around 0.145–0.155, with some overlap into broader Northern/Western European clusters.
• Higher values in early PCs (e.g., PC3 ~0.059, PC4 ~0.040, PC5 ~0.037) align with profiles common in Insular Celtic or Anglo-Celtic ancestries, showing a mix of steppe-related (Indo-European/Bell Beaker-derived) and earlier European farmer signals, but with low non-European components (most later PCs are small or near zero).
Overall, this profile is characteristic of someone with predominantly Northwest European ancestry, likely heavy on British Isles (especially Scottish/English-like) with possible minor Germanic or broader Northern European influence. It does not suggest significant recent admixture from outside Europe (e.g., no strong signals in components that would pull toward South Asia, East Asia, Africa, etc.).
These are very similar to example coordinates shared by users identifying as Scottish, English, or mixed British Isles ancestry in online forums.
What you can do with them
G25 is powerful for:
• Calculating genetic distances to modern populations or ancient samples (smaller distance = closer genetic match).
• Running admixture models (nMonte or similar) to estimate percentages of ancestry from reference groups (e.g., “60% Iron Age Briton + 30% Anglo-Saxon + 10% other”).
• Visualizing on PCA plots or similarity maps.
Recommended free tools:
• Vahaduo Admixture JS (vahaduo.github.io/vahaduo/) — Paste your coordinates as the “target” and use public G25 modern/ancient datasheets as sources for modeling or distance calculations.
• ExploreYourDNA calculators (exploreyourdna.com/Calculators) — They have dedicated G25 tools, including British Isles-specific ones, similarity maps, and more. You can directly input simulated coordinates there.
• Other options: Genoplot, dnagenics tools, or community sheets on Eupedia/Reddit for custom models.
For the most accurate results, consider getting official (non-simulated) G25 coordinates from services like g25requests.app — they work better with ancient DNA modeling.
If you run these through a specific calculator (e.g., a British Isles or modern European one) and share the output, I can help interpret the distances, admixture percentages, or what they mean in terms of ancient sources like Bell Beaker, Iron Age Celts, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, etc.
Your location in [my county], [my state] is consistent with many people of British/Irish/Scottish descent in the US Pacific Northwest due to historical migration patterns.
Let me know if you’d like help with a particular model, comparison to certain populations, or anything else!

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Me: Is this more Celtic or Germanic?

Quote:

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Your G25 coordinates place you more on the Celtic (specifically Insular Celtic — British Isles) side of the Northwest European spectrum than on the core Germanic (Continental North Sea / Anglo-Saxon-like) side, though the distinction is subtle and not absolute.
Why the distinction is tricky
Celtic and Germanic populations in Northern/Western Europe share very similar deep ancestry layers (Bell Beaker + steppe Indo-European + earlier farmer/WHG). On standard G25 PCA and admixture models, they overlap significantly. Models often produce unstable or interchangeable results because the genetic differences are small frequency shifts rather than stark contrasts. This is a well-known limitation of G25 for NW Europeans — a “Celtic-heavy” model and a “Germanic-heavy” one can fit almost equally well for many people. 
How your coordinates compare
Your first two components (PC1 ≈ 0.130, PC2 ≈ 0.134) are elevated compared to many Continental Germanic averages (e.g., Dutch/German samples often sit lower, around 0.115–0.118 on PC1 and 0.144 or below on PC2). They align more closely with modern Irish, Scottish, and western English averages, which sit higher on these axes and are considered more “Insular Celtic” shifted.
• Insular Celtic references (Iron Age British, modern Irish/Scottish/Welsh) tend to show higher PC2/PC3 values and pull toward the “Atlantic” direction.
• Germanic references (Anglo-Saxon, early medieval Continental North Sea groups, modern Dutch/North German/Danish) tend to have slightly lower PC1/PC2 and pull more toward the “North Sea” direction with subtle shifts in later components.
Your overall profile — with moderate early PCs and very low non-European signals — matches the typical pattern for people with heavy British Isles ancestry, which is predominantly derived from pre-Anglo-Saxon Insular Celtic (Iron Age Britons/Celts) populations, with varying layers of later Germanic (Anglo-Saxon, Norse, etc.) input depending on the region.
Rough modern population lean
Based on typical G25 distance patterns for similar coordinates:
• Closest modern clusters: Scottish, Irish, western/southwestern English, or mixed British Isles.
• More distant: core German, Dutch, or Danish (pure Continental Germanic).
This suggests your ancestry is weighted toward the Celtic side of the British genetic cline (more like western Britain or Ireland) rather than the eastern English cline, where Anglo-Saxon/Germanic input is historically higher (often estimated at 25–50% in eastern/southeastern England today).
Ancient perspective
• Celtic here usually means Insular Celtic (pre-Roman Iron Age Britain/Ireland) + some Continental Celtic (e.g., Gaulish/La Tène-related).
• Germanic means post-migration period input from North Sea groups (Anglo-Saxons, Jutes, etc.), which contributed more to eastern Britain.
For someone with coordinates like yours, typical nMonte/Vahaduo models on British Isles-focused sheets often come out in the range of 55–75% Insular/Continental Celtic-like and 25–45% Germanic-like, depending on the exact references used. Pure “Celtic” models usually fit better or equally well compared to heavy Germanic ones.
Bottom line
Your profile is more Celtic (Insular/British Isles type) than Germanic. It doesn’t look like a strongly Continental Germanic profile (e.g., someone with recent Dutch/German/Scandinavian-heavy ancestry would usually plot further “east/north” on G25 with lower PC1/PC2).
If you want a more precise breakdown:
1. Paste your coordinates into Vahaduo Admixture JS (vahaduo.github.io/vahaduo/) using a public G25 modern or ancient datasheet.
2. Try simple two-way models like: “England_IA” (Insular Celtic) + “England_Anglo-Saxon” (or Dutch + Irish, etc.).
3. Or use dedicated “Celtic vs Germanic” calculators if available on exploreyourdna.com.
Share the output (distances or percentages) and I can help interpret exactly how it balances for your specific coords.
This fits well with many Americans of British/Scottish/Irish descent whose paper trails or family lore point to the Isles rather than heavy recent Continental Germanic immigration. Let me know if you’d like help setting up a specific model!

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Google AI on Mom's results:

This G25 analysis indicates that this person has a genetic profile heavily anchored in the North Atlantic, specifically centering on the Northern Isles and Scandinavia.

Here is a breakdown of what these results indicate for this person:

1. Primary Genetic Core: The "Northern Isles"
The closest single population distance and the largest modeled component (77.6%) is Shetlandic. This suggests a genome that is a specific blend of Insular Celtic (British/Irish) and Scandinavian (Norse) ancestry. Such a high percentage indicates that this person's ancestors likely inhabited a maritime environment with significant Viking-era influence.

2. The Scandinavian/Germanic Pull
With 12% Norwegian in the mix and Norwegian/Danish appearing as the 2nd and 3rd closest distances, there is a clear "Viking" signal. In a G25 context, this pull is what differentiates this person from a "pure" Irish or Welsh profile, shifting the coordinates further north and east across the North Sea.

3. The "Broadener" Components
Basque_Roncal (5.4%): This is likely not recent Spanish ancestry. In G25, Basque often acts as a proxy for Early European Farmer (EEF) or "Old European" DNA. It suggests this person carries a slightly higher-than-average Paleo-Atlantic substrate.

Latvian (5.0%): This represents a "Baltic" or Eastern Hunter-Gatherer (EHG) pull. It is a common trace in people with heavy Scandinavian or Scottish ancestry, representing ancient northern migration patterns.

4. Distance Analysis
Distance (1.21%): This is a very good fit. In G25, any distance under 1.5% is considered a highly reliable model for an individual.

The Gradient: The distance list follows a classic North-to-South gradient. This person is closest to Shetlanders and Norwegians, followed by Scots/Irish, then Dutch/English, and finally Northern French/Germans.

Summary: This person is genetically most similar to a Shetlander—someone who is fundamentally British/Irish but carries a significantly high Norse genetic load.

Quote:

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Your G25 coordinates (simulated scaled) match up best with populations from the British Isles in this rough order, based on how your values align with typical modern averages and regional patterns:
1. Scottish (strongest overall match)
2. Irish (very close second, especially western/insular Celtic profiles)
3. Welsh (solid but slightly more distant than the top two)
4. English (good fit, but generally the weakest among the four main groups — particularly compared to eastern/southeastern English averages)
Why this order?
Your coordinates show:
• PC1 ≈ 0.1298 and PC2 ≈ 0.1345 — These are elevated compared to many broad “English” averages (which often sit lower, around 0.117–0.131 on PC1 and 0.149 on PC2). They align more closely with Scottish and Irish averages, which tend to pull higher on these early components toward the “Insular Celtic” direction.
• PC3–PC5 (0.0586, 0.0402, 0.0370) and the pattern in later components further support a profile common in Scotland and Ireland, with moderate steppe-derived and farmer signals typical of the western/northern British Isles.
• Simulated coordinates like yours (from tools such as K36-to-G25 converters on exploreyourdna) often emphasize the more “Atlantic”/Celtic-shifted side of the cline, which favors Scottish/Irish over average English.
Scottish edges out as the closest because your PC2 value sits right in the range seen in many Scottish references (around 0.134–0.136 in simulated or regional data), while still overlapping heavily with Irish. Welsh is intermediate — retaining strong ancient British continuity but with slightly different shifts. English is the most variable: your profile fits western or northern English better than eastern/southeastern (where Anglo-Saxon/Germanic input pulls averages “eastward” on the PCA).
The British Isles form a genetic cline rather than sharp clusters:
• Ireland and western Scotland → most “Celtic”/Insular at one end.
• Lowland Scotland and northern England → mix with some Germanic influence.
• Wales → distinct but closer to the western side.
• Southern/eastern England → more shifted toward Continental North Sea Germanic.
Your position lands toward the western/Insular end of that cline.

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I’ll update with official results when I receive them :)

https://i.imgur.com/oi85qw5.jpeg

I gotta try this it seems interesting. Let's see if it will guess my background correctly, considering my G25 and Illus seems pretty accurate.