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According to DAI, Zahumlje was one of the regions settled by the Serbs from an area near Thessaloniki previously arrived there from White Serbia but Tibor Živković and Neven Budak consider that a closer reading of the source suggests that the Constantine VII's consideration about the region population ethnic identity is based on Serbian political rule and does not indicate ethnic origin. According to Živković, the area of the Vistula where the ancestors of Michael of Zahumlje originate was the place where White Croats would be expected and not White Serbs. Much of Dalmatia was sometime earlier settled by the Croats, and Zahumlje bordered their territory on the north. The historical work Historia Salonitana by Thomas the Archdeacon, when describing the reign of Croatian king Stephen Držislav in the late 10th century, notes that Duchy of Hum (Zachlumia or Chulmie) was a part of the Kingdom of Croatia, before and after Stjepan Držislav.