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Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a, now officially called PMM2-CDG, is caused by mutations in the PMM2 gene, which encodes a PMM protein. PMM performs the very important function of attaching sugar molecules to other proteins, a process called glycosylation. Glycosylation is needed for normal functioning of many systems in the body, and mutations in PMM2, which impair this process, may cause a variety of symptoms ranging from neurological problems to multi-organ failure. PMM2-CDG is an autosomal recessive disorder and only occurs when a PMM2 mutation is inherited from each parent. About one out of 80,000 people with European ancestry is diagnosed with PMM2-CDG every year, with incidence being about four times higher in those with Dutch or Danish ancestry. The condition is believed to be underdiagnosed.