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The three individuals grouped in C.Italy_Etruscan.Afr—after exclusion of a genetic outlier (Materials and Methods, Fig. 4A, and table S2A)—cannot be modeled as a mixture between Neolithic-related and Bronze Age–related European ancestries (table S4B). These individuals are dated to around 300 BCE and were excavated at two archeological sites separated by a distance greater than 100 km (Tarquinia and Vetulonia). Statistics in the form f3(C.Italy_Etruscan, X; C.Italy_Etruscan.Afr) and f4(Onge, X, C.Italy_Etruscan, C.Italy_Etruscan.Afr) show evidence of C.Italy_Etruscan.Afr being a mixture of Etruscans and ancient or modern-day individuals (as a proxy) carrying high proportions of north African or sub-Saharan ancestries (tables S2, B and C, and S3, A and B). Using qpAdm, all admixture models including C.Italy_Etruscan as one of the sources are rejected (table S4D). However, given the limited availability of genomes from northern Africa with comparable ages (26), we caution that ancestry proportions might be more correctly estimated as additional data from this region become available.