Nice
Printable View
Nice
Volsci
https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/image...Map01_full.jpg
The so-called West Indo-European tribes arrived at the eastern edge of central Europe around 2500 BC. Their northern group became the proto-Celts of the Urnfield culture while the southern group seemingly migrated westwards and southwards, reaching Illyria and northern Italy. Already divided further into semi-isolated tribes, they became more civilised in habits and technologies due to contact with southern Greeks and Etruscans. In the eleventh to eighth centuries BC, some of those groups in Illyria crossed by sea into the Italian peninsula and settled along the south-eastern coast. Those in the north Italian piedmont gradually migrated southwards to occupy much of the rest of eastern and central Italy. These tribes all formed part of a general group called Italics.Quote:
Map of Italy 800-400 BC
Iron Age Etruria (the orange area of the map) was dominated by a collection of city states, twelve of which formed the Etruscan League over time to defend the region from attacks by Greeks and Phoenicians, and which was sometimes known as the Dodecapolis.
Etrurian dominance covered western central Italy, along with a wide swathe towards, but not quite reaching, the Veneti tribe (around modern Venice), and a stretch of territory along the western coast as far south as Naples. The city of Alalia dominated eastern Corsica, completing a semi-circle of territory that formed the border with the Phoenicians of Carthage and the Greeks of southern Italy and Sicily.
Two other Etruscan leagues also formed, one of which was Campania in the south, led by the city state of Capua (which included what is now the city of Naples). This league dominated the Opici people in that region. The other was that of the Po Valley city states in the north-east, which included Adria (modern Atria) and Spina (in the Veneto region of modern Italy).
Gauls began intruding into this territory from the north, while the aggressive Latins of Rome steadily squeezed it from the south whilst also gradually subjugating the various Italic tribes.
The Volsci (or Volscians) were a group of Italics who, during the Iron Age, were first located on the upper River Liris, but were driven into the fertile land to the south of Rome. They were neighboured to the north by the Latins and Marsi, to the east by the Carracini and Pentri tribes of the Samnites, and to the south by the Etruscan-dominated regions of the Opici. Once south of Rome, they found themselves alongside the Hernici, and beyond them the Aequi, with the Aurunci and Samnites to the south. The Oscan-Umbrian group of which the Volsci were part are largely accepted as being Indo-Europeans (perhaps proto-Celts) who migrated into the peninsula from the north.
Strabo and Pliny, along with other ancient writers, claimed the Aequi, Hernici, Sabini, and Volsci as divisions of the Opici or their Ausones stem. They also stated that the Picentes and Samnites were originally tribes of the Sabellians. This was a collective of central Italian tribes during the Iron Age, comprising the Marrucini, Marsi, Sabini, and Vestini. More specifically, the Picentes and Samnites may have been a division of the Sabini. Writers frequently link one to the other, sometimes referring to the Samnites as Sabellus, seemingly as an umbrella term for their origin. From the Samnites were descended the Lucani, and from the Lucani the Brutii, showing a good deal of interrelationship between the various Iron Age peoples. If the ancient writers were correct, the Opici would seem to be the ancestor of most of these peoples.
Their language came from the Oscan-Umbrian group of Indo-European languages (P-Italic), which were widely spoken in Iron Age central and southern Italy before the rise to dominance of Latin (Latin itself was a slightly more distantly related language, coming from the Indo-European Latino-Faliscan group, or Q-Italic). An early third century inscription from the Volsci town of Velitrae provides the proof for their language.
(Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information by Edward Dawson, from The Roman History: From Romulus and the Foundation of Rome to the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius, Velleius Paterculus, J C Yardley, & Anthony A Barrett, from An Historical Geography of Europe, Norman J G Pounds (Abridged Version), and from External Links: The Princeton Encyclopaedia of Classical Sites, and Geography, Strabo (H C Hamilton & W Falconer, London, 1903, Perseus Online Edition).)
Source: https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingL...talyVolsci.htm
Etruscan warriors
https://i.postimg.cc/RVbtM0Yt/etit.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/gkhL010N/itet2.png
https://i.postimg.cc/gkttYXnv/itet.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/Xv6bRTw5/etit1.png
https://i.postimg.cc/cJhD6Xm5/itet6.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/wvHpYfBf/itet5.png
https://i.postimg.cc/L6GkCzJ0/itet1.pnghttps://i.postimg.cc/pXvn1Rxz/itet4.png
3rd century Rome became dependent on Dacian and Illyrian soldiers and emperors against Frankish and Vandalic invasions.
Here is my favorite 3rd century illyrian emperor and soldier portrait: Trajan Decius posing as Mars.
https://www.rome101.com/Portraiture/..._8049WSw_L.jpg
https://www.rome101.com/Portraiture/..._8051_sm_L.jpg
also Dacian Roman (Daco-Romans) soldiers and leaders on Arch of Constantine, beautiful:
https://study.com/cimages/multimages...partofarch.jpg