Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans(Lazaridis 2013)

[Artek]

ABSTRACT
Analysis of ancient DNA can reveal historical events that are difficult to discern through study of present-day individuals. To investigate European population history around the time of the agricultural transition, we sequenced complete genomes from a ~7,500 year old early farmer from the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture from Stuttgart in Germany and an ~8,000 year old hunter-gatherer from the Loschbour rock shelter in Luxembourg. We also generated data from seven ~8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from Motala in Sweden. We compared these genomes and published ancient DNA to new data from 2,196 samples from 185 diverse populations to show that at least three ancestral groups contributed to present-day Europeans. The first are Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), who are more closely related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians than to any present-day population. The second are West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), related to the Loschbour individual, who contributed to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners. The third are Early European Farmers (EEF), related to the Stuttgart individual, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model the deep relationships of these populations and show that about ~44% of the ancestry of EEF derived from a basal Eurasian lineage that split prior to the separation of other non-Africans.



Y-chromosomes and mtDNA's were also extracted, it turned to be:
I2a1b* to a Loschbour individual(Luxembourg) mtdna: U5b1a
I2, I2a1b*, I*, I* and probably Q to the individuals from Motala(Sweden) mtdna: U5a2d, 2xU2e1, 2xU5a1, U5a2

They tried to test for I1 but it came negative.

Supplementary data and tables:
http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/s...1/001552-1.pdf
http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/s...1/001552-2.pdf
http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/s...1/001552-3.pdf

[safinator]

Great study, is the I2a1b variant the same of the one found in the Balkans or it's the Northwestern clade?

[Gospodine]

Doesn't this perfectly align with the expansion of Hg I and it's derivatives from the Balkan Ice Age refuge after the LGM? Makes sense that I2 would actually be the older branch since it's actually closer to the likely region of Hg I's origin and the spread of I2 corresponds well to the Gravettians.

In other words... Occam's fucking Razor.

[Artek]

Great study, is the I2a1b variant the same of the one found in the Balkans or it's the Northwestern clade?

M423 and L178 . So the ancestral to the Dinaric clade

[Anglojew]

"Upper Paleolithic Siberians" haplogroup Q.

Very interesting.

[safinator]

Pigmentation predictions aren't particularly accurate but interesting nevertheless.

An interesting finding is that the Luxembourg hunter-gatherer probably had blue eyes but darker skin than the LBK farmer who had brown eyes but lighter skin.

[Prince Carlo]

European hunters were of course similar to Basque bu without the Sardinian-like Med ancestry.

[Artek]

European hunters were of course similar to Basque bu without the Sardinian-like Med ancestry.

Some lean towards the Basques, some lean towards the Lithuanians and other North Europeans. Basques seem to be inbetween the farmers and hunters-gatherers.

[Prince Carlo]

Some lean towards the Basques, some lean towards the Lithuanians and other North Europeans. Basques seem to be inbetween the farmers and hunters-gatherers.

Western Europeans hunters were basically Basque people without the med ancestry. The Scandinavians hunters were intermediate between North Asian people and western European hunters, but much closer to the former. In another study, the preistoric dane was really east asian shifted.

http://polishgenes.blogspot.it/2013/...-bulgaria.html

[Prince Carlo]

Ah end of course the med ancestry was spread by the early european farmers.