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Malta was at the time a British possession and essentially an airbase that was between Italy and its African possessions, helping to strike at Axis shipping and air supply to the Africa front.
After Hitler lost, King George VI awarded the George Cross (the highest civilian award for valour) to the entire country. It's still on their flag today! After the war they requested to be made an integral part of the UK, but we said no, and they became independent.
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