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Thread: Fauna of Sardinia

  1. #21
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    Default Giara Horse

    The Giara horse (Sardinian: Cuaddeddu de sa Jara, Italian: Cavallino della Giara) is a horse breed native to the island of Sardinia. It is one of the fifteen indigenous horse "breeds of limited distribution" recognised by the AIA, the Italian breeders' association.


    While of small size due to the hostile environment in which it lives, and sometimes called a "pony," it is considered a true horse.


    Etimology

    In older literature, the name achetta (for a mare, achettu for a stallion) is also sometimes encountered. It is no longer used because the Sardinian term it is derived from, acheta (variants: achetu, akkčtta, akkéttu) describes any small to medium sized horse. The Sardinian term acheta itself is a diminutive based on the root ácha and entered the language via Catalan/Algherese (h)aca "small horse", itself from Spanish haca, jaca. The word jaca again is derived from Old Spanish haca, itself from Old French haque, which in turn is ultimately derived from the English place-name Hackney, a place famous for its horses.[5] The term Giara (Sardinian: Jara, variants: ghiaia, yára, ǧár(r)a) literally means "plateau, tableland",[6] meaning the Giara di Gesturi, so literally "plateau horse".


    Origins


    The origins of this breed are uncertain, some say that they came from Greek animals in the 5th or 4th century BC.

    However fossil records indicate that horses have been domesticated by people on the island since close to 6000 BC.


    These animals lived in the wild all over Sardinia until the Middle Ages & for the most part they were completely isolated which protected their bloodlines. The animals are raised semi-feral and live of family groups that keep to their own territory.




    Features


    The Giara was developed in an area of south-central Sardinia noted for a stony basaltic plateau at about 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level with steep terrain. Due to this harsh environment, the horse is small, averaging between 11.1 to 13.1 hands (45 to 53 inches, 114 to 135 cm), but hardy and able to acclimate to unfavorable conditions. It has a horse phenotype rather than that of a pony. Most are bay, chestnut or black. They have an abundant forelock and mane. Their head is relatively large with a wide jaw, the neck is not very long, but described as "strong." The breed tends to be a bit straight in the shoulder with relatively low withers, a somewhat long back and loin, and the croup is sloped with a low-set tail. They have good bone, characterized by an average cannon circumference of 14 centimetres (5.5 in), large joints and hooves that are small but strong. The Giara has surefooted gaits and a temperament that is spirited.


    Head is square
    Eyes are slightly slanted
    Neck is thick
    Chest is narrow
    Tail is bent & low


    Temperament


    Strong character & tend to be restless




























  2. #22
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    Default Sarcidano Horse

    The Sarcidano Horse (Italian: Cavallo del Sarcidano) is a rare breed of semi-feral horse originating from the Altopiano del Sarcidano ("plateau of Sarcidano") in the comune of Laconi in the Oristano province of Sardinia, Italy. It is one of the fifteen indigenous horse "breeds of limited distribution" recognised by the AIA, the Italian breeders' association. Although it should never exceed 148 cm (14.2 hands) at the withers, it is officially termed a cavallo or horse, and not a pony.




    Characteristics


    According to the breed standard, a Sarcidano Horse may be black, bay, or grey; other coat colours are excluded from registration. The height range for males is 125–145 cm (12.1–14.1 hands), the girth 140–160 cm (55–63 in) and the cannon circumference 14–17 cm (5.5–6.7 in); for females the height measures 115–135 cm (11.1–13.1 hands), the girth 120–150 cm (47–59 in) and the cannon 13–16 cm (5.1–6.3 in). Horses over 148 cm (14.2 hands) at 30 months may not be registered.


    The head is rather heavy and roughly set on, the profile straight, the ears mobile and the eyes and nostrils large. The neck is muscular, the mane thick. The shoulder is fairly straight, the withers high and the croup short but muscular. The legs are short, strong and reasonably well conformed, the joints are broad, the hooves are strong but tend to be cylindrical. The action is lively and surefooted.


    The Sarcidano Horse has a lively and responsive nature, and adapts well to equestrian uses; it is frugal and resistant.


    Supernumerary premolars are frequently present on both sides of the upper jaw.




    History


    The Sarcidano horse appears to have ancient Spanish ancestry in common with the Andalusian horse. Studies by Valiati (1997) and by Bell (1999) of transferrins are reported to confirm common ancestry with the Iberian horse of 25000 years ago. A 1996 study of protease inhibitor polymorphism concludes that "a genetic correlation could be present between Sarcidano Horses and ancient Spanish horses as reported by historical documents about horse breeding in Sardinia". The "constant" presence of the seventh molar in the upper jaw is cited as evidence of ancient origin by Baccino, who notes that this characteristic is shared by only a few ancient breeds such as the Exmoor Pony and the Caspian horse; Baccino also notes the presence in the Sarcidano horse of an allele otherwise seen only in Przewalski's Horse.


    In 1999 a group of 15 Sarcidano horses was acquired by the comune of Laconi from a private owner; this herd lives in the state-owned forest of Funtanamela, on the Sarcidano plateau, and in 2006 numbered approximately 100 horses. A second herd, privately owned, also lives in the same area, while a third group is held by the Istituto di Incremento Ippico della Sardegna (Sardinian horse-breeding institution) of Ozieri, at Foresta Burgos in central northern Sardinia. In 2007, the total Sarcidano horse population was approximately 190, of which 78 were mares.


    The Sarcidano horse was recognised as a breed by Ministerial Decree No. 24347, dated 5 November 2003; the breed register was established in 2005, and is held by the Associazione Provinciale Allevatori (regional breeders' association) of Nuoro.























  3. #23
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    Default Sardinian Goshawk

    The Sardinian Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis arrigonii, Kleinschmidt 1903) is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae , endemic to Sardinia and Corsica.




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    Default Papilio hospiton

    Papilio hospiton is a species of butterfly in the Papilionidae family. It is found only in Corsica and Sardinia.


    A medium-sized butterfly with wingspan of 72–76 millimetres (2.8–3.0 in),Papilio hospiton is a short black and yellow swallowtail with short tails. The butterfly has blue and red markings. Sexes are alike.


    Papilio hospiton is similar to Papilio machaon, but the wings are more rounded, and the hindwing is provided with a short tooth instead of a tail. The black colour is more extended and more densely powdered with yellow than in machaon.


    The caterpillar is green, striped with black and dotted with small yellowish red punctures, the black colour being more extended than in the larva ofmachaon. Chrysalis green, the abdominal tubercles more prominent than in machaon.


    The Corsican swallowtail inhabits mountainous regions at 400–1,500 metres (1,300–4,900 ft) above sea level on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. The foodplants are from the family Umbelliferae, and include Fennel Foeniculum vulgare, Giant Fennel Ferula communis, Corsican Rue Ruta corsica and Peucedanum paniculatum though some of these records are disputed. Papilio hospiton is bivoltine with broods in May and August. Habitat destruction and disappearance of foodplants as well as excessive collecting are the principal threats to the Corsican Swallowtail.











  5. #25
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    Default Marmora's Warbler

    Marmora's Warbler (Sylvia sarda) is a typical warbler, genus Sylvia. It breeds on Mediterranean islands, typically including Corsica and Sardinia.



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  6. #26
    In Corpore Sardo Mens-Sarda's Avatar
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    NATRIX MAURA

    Sardinian name : pěbera (viper)

    Natrix maura is a natricine water snake of the genus Natrix. Its common name is viperine water snake or viperine snake. Despite its common names, it is not a member of the Subfamily Viperinae. This nonvenomous, semiaquatic, fish-eating snake was given its common names due to behavioural and aesthetic similarities with sympatric adder species. (from Wikipedia)

    Sometimes it can be confused with the venomous Viper, who doesn't live in Sardinia, our island totally lacks of venomous snakes.
    Lenght : about 1 meter for a full-grown specimen; it has a wide body like a viper, it's not aggressive but if threatened the snake exploits its viper-like appearance and tries to intimidate you by blowing and acting like a viper (but it's only a good recite) ; it's quite slow on the ground, while it's really agile in water







    Last edited by Mens-Sarda; 06-28-2014 at 04:27 PM.

  7. #27
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    HIEROPHIS VIRIDIFLAVUS

    Sardinian name : colňra (snake)


    The
    green whip snake or western whip snake (Hierophis viridiflavus) is a species of snake in the Colubridae family. There is a larger, often pure black variant found in Southern Italy and referred to there as 'Il Biacco'.
    Commonly regarded as non-venomous, it is described that a subject who endured 'sustained biting' of up to 5 minutes began showing suspect symptoms, including problems with neuromotor skills. It is described that a gland called the Duvernoy's gland, maybe similar to the venom gland, has some responsibility. (from Wikipedia)

    It's a really territorial snake, it could be very aggressive when defending it's territory, when it feels threatened raises its head like a cobra, and attacks trying to bite and pursuing the intruder out of its territory (childhood experience)


    Lenght : 120-130cm, rarely 2 meters for a full-grown specimen, it's very fast on the ground (11 kmh), and really agile, it's able to climb on dry stone walls, bushes and trees, and it's also a great swimmer









    Last edited by Mens-Sarda; 06-28-2014 at 04:20 PM.

  8. #28
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    CHALCIDES OCELLATUS TILIGUGU (sub species of Chalcides Ocellatus)

    Sardinian name : tiligůgu

    Chalcides ocellatus, or Ocellated Skink (also known as Eyed Skink or gongilo is a species of skink found in Greece, southern Italy, Malta, and parts of northern Africa.
    As an adult, it generally reaches about 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in) of length with a 22 to 39 g weight and has a small head, cylindrical body, and five toes on each foot. They are very agile and are often found in arid areas. It is strongly related to Chalcides colosii, and C. colosii was formerly considered a subspecies of C. ocellatus.C. ocellatus is notable for the presence of ocelli and for its wide variety of coloration patterns. It preys on various insects, including those with hard exoskeletons, arachnids, and small lizards, including its own young. In captivity it also eats sweet fruits, boiled eggs and pieces of meat. Females of the species give birth to live young through vivipary.
    C. ocellatus is considered to be a generalist species and can be found in a wide variety of environments, such as farmland and gravel deserts around the Mediterranean coast. Its main escape tactic from predators is to run behind vegetation, most likely because it is not suited to run very fast. Its limbs are somewhat short, but not adapted for fossorial
    movement. (from Wikipedia)

    it can be found often in rocky environments, under stones, and inside dry stone walls








  9. #29
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    TARENTOLA MAURITANICA

    Sardinian Name : tarŕntula

    Tarentola mauritanica is a species of gecko (Gekkonidae) native to the Western Mediterranean region of Europe and North Africa and widely introduced to North America and Asia. It is commonly observed on walls in urban environments, mainly in warm coastal areas, though it can spread inland - especially in Spain. A robust species, up to 150 millimetres long, its tubercules are enlarged and give the species a spiny armoured appearance.The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Its widespread introduction has attracted many common names, including variants on common orMoorish wall gecko and Salamanquesa, crocodile gecko, European common gecko, and Maurita naca gecko.
    Adults can measure up to 15 cm, tail included. Robust body and flat head. Back, legs and tail with prominent conic tubercles. Its regenerated tail is smoother and doesn't have tubercles. Obtuse mouth, big eyes with no eyelids and vertical pupil. Fingers with big lateral growths and adherent division less laminae in the bottom face. Only the third and fourth fingers end in union. Brownish grey or brown coloration with darker or lighter spots. These colours change in intensity according to the light. When they are active by day their colour is darker than during the night. It can be found on many construction sites, ruins, rock fields, tree trunks, etc.
    Mainly nocturnal or crepuscular. Also active during the day, on sunny days at the end of the winter especially. They like to receive sunlight near their refuge. They hunt insects and in the warmer months of the year it can be found hunting nocturnal insects near light sources, street lamps, etc. They lay 2 almost-spherical eggs twice a year around April and June. After 4 months, little salamanquesas of less than 5 cm in length are born. Moorish geckos are slow to mature, taking 4 to 5 years in captivity (from Wikipedia)











  10. #30
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    HEMIDACTYLUS TURCICUS

    Sardinian name : tarŕntula

    The Mediterranean house gecko, scientific name Hemidactylus turcicus (not to be confused with the Asian species Hemidactylus frenatus known as Common House Gecko) is a small gecko common to the Mediterranean which has spread to many parts of the world. It is also commonly referred to as the Turkish Gecko as represented in its Latin name. They are insectivorous, rarely exceeding 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in length, have large, lidless eyes with elliptical pupils, and yellow- or tan-colored skin with black spots, often with stripes on the tail. Their bellies or undersides are somewhat translucent. In countries where the species has been introduced, they are not considered invasive due to their habits and small size; they rarely threaten populations of native animals. Voracious predators on moths and small roaches, they are attracted to outside lights in search of them. They emit a distinctive, high-pitched call somewhat like a squeak or the chirp of a bird, possibly expressing a territorial message.
    A study in Portugal found H. turcicus to be totally nocturnal, with the highest activity peak around 2am.
    In many parts of the world the range of H. turcicus is increasing, and unlike many other reptiles, they appear to be highly resistant to pesticides. The increase may be explained as a consequence of having few predators in places where they have been introduced, and also of their tendency to take shelter in the cracks and unseen areas of human homes, for example inside walls. Reliance on human habitation has thus contributed to their proliferation, similar to rodents.



    Last edited by Mens-Sarda; 07-01-2014 at 10:19 AM.

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