Which rugby team is the least representative of their country?

[curupira]

Then pred. African looking, "black" looking football player, would have to be only 10% of the team, i.e, only 1 player out of 11. Half of the rest would look like pred. euro-leaning "white" Brazilians, and the rest euro-leaning multiracials.

Just going by phenotype.

[brazuca]

How would you set-up the brazilian team? Would you add 3 pred. blacks and 2 triracials(pardos)?

"pardo" does not mean "triracial" means to "brown"

[Lurker]

It reminds me somewhat of our futsal national team. Futsal is a popular low class sport, and it kind of fits with the rugby one (though rugby is more elite):



Brazil is genetically pred. european. Most misleading team is our football national team which is taken by some as the benchmark of what Brazil is. But they don't do it to others, like the English team, f.e (2012 Eurocup squad):

You're wrong, the most misleading teams are the Brazilian baseball and softball teams.

These are the women from the softball team



































Even the ones you'd think were white or black have some Japanese or Chinese surname, so they must be mixed.

The most representative Brazilian team is the volleyball team.

[curupira]

^ A "team of engineers" from the ITA (our top engineering institution) or a "team of doctors" from the Incor hospital in São Paulo would look like that too, i.e, heavily Japanese!

[Peikko]

Brazil is genetically pred. european.

lolwut? Even the "white" Brazilians aren't fully white.

According to a study, White Brazilians possess almost all their paternal ancestry of European origin (98% in the Y Chromosome). In the maternal side, there is a 39% European, 33% Amerindian and 28% African contribution to the total mtDNA pool.

Reuters Health

By Keith Mulvihill

Monday, December 16, 2002


NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Aspects of physical appearance are poor indications of a person's genetic ancestry, according to a new study by Brazilian researchers.
Whether or not one has more "European" or more "African" physical attributes, Brazilians in general have genetic profiles that stem from populations of both geographic regions, new study findings show.
"First of all, let me stress that the conclusions of this study apply to Brazil, and should not be naively extrapolated to other countries," Dr. Sergio D. J. Pena, the study's lead author, told Reuters Health in an interview.
In their report, Pena and colleagues note that Brazilians are apt to place more emphasis on physical appearance than ancestry and point out that a large survey found "fewer than 10% of Brazilian black individuals" listed Africa when asked about their ancestry.
"We wanted to ascertain to what degree the (social race) of a Brazilian individual was predictive of the degree of genomic African ancestry," the authors write in the December 11th issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. According to Pena, "social race" refers to a person's skin color and other physical attributes.
The most interesting finding, Pena noted, is that the researchers observed a significant dissociation between genomic geographical ancestry--African versus European--and social race, which was evaluated using multiple physical attributes that included skin pigmentation, color and texture of hair, eye color and shape of nose and lips.
"In other words, Brazilian black or white individuals differed very little in their genomic profile," said Pena, who is with the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in Horizonte, Brazil.
Pena's team has been systematically using genomic tools to obtain what they call a "molecular portrait" of Brazilians, the researcher explained.
The early part of the project involved using genetic markers that are inherited from only one parent: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the mother, and the Y chromosome--in males--from the father. These markers provide lineage information that is far-reaching into the past and quite specific as to geographical sources, Pena noted.
"Our maternal lineage studies found the surprisingly high amount of 33% (indigenous Brazilian) and 28% African contribution to the total mtDNA pool of white Brazilians," Pena told Reuters Health.
"We then analyzed paternal lineages and discovered that the vast majority of Y chromosomes in white Brazilian males, regardless of their regional source, is of European origin.
"Together, our result configures a picture of strong directional mating in Brazil involving European males and (indigenous Brazilian) and African females that is in excellent consonance with the known history of the peopling of Brazil since 1500.
"Lay people and even scientists," Pena added, "often confuse color or 'race' with geographical ancestry and use interchangeably terms such as white, Caucasian and European on one hand, and black, Negro or African on the other.
"Our study shows how hazardous this practice is, by demonstrating clearly that geographical ancestry and 'social race' evaluated by physical criteria are quite different attributes, and, at least in the case of Brazilians, are in large part dissociated," Pena said.
There is wide agreement among anthropologists and human geneticists that, from a biological standpoint, human races do not exist. Races exist only as social constructs that are mutable over time and across social contexts and are sustained by a racial ideology, Pena noted.
SOURCE: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2002;10.1073/pnas.0126614100.

[curupira]

I did not say "white" Brazilians are fully european, though there are fully european individuals in Brazil. What I said is that in the overall mixing, european ancestry is more important than african ancestry in the whole population. Autosomal DNA studies show it. MtDNA is informative, but not to assess the profile of a population, it only informs us of a distant ancestor on the maternal line. In places with the history as that of Brazil, there were mating patterns, biased ones, so that many carry native american mtDNA for example, in spite of having as a whole only a small % of it. The autosomal DNA, which measures all of the ancestors of a given individual, is the one which is really important in telling the whole thing.

Check out this study from 2011, with "whites", "pardos" and "blacks" according to their respective proportions (it is not like it is perfect, but it fits with other studies, and I'd rather believe it than uneducated guesses).

The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected

Based on pre-DNA racial/color methodology, clinical and pharmacological trials have traditionally considered the different geographical regions of Brazil as being very heterogeneous. We wished to ascertain how such diversity of regional color categories correlated with ancestry. Using a panel of 40 validated ancestry-informative insertion-deletion DNA polymorphisms we estimated individually the European, African and Amerindian ancestry components of 934 self-categorized White, Brown or Black Brazilians from the four most populous regions of the Country. We unraveled great ancestral diversity between and within the different regions. Especially, color categories in the northern part of Brazil diverged significantly in their ancestry proportions from their counterparts in the southern part of the Country, indicating that diverse regional semantics were being used in the self-classification as White, Brown or Black.To circumvent these regional subjective differences in color perception, we estimated the general ancestry proportions of each of the four regions in a form independent of color considerations. For that, we multiplied the proportions of a given ancestry in a given color category by the official census information about the proportion of that color category in the specific region, to arrive at a “total ancestry” estimate. Once such a calculation was performed, there emerged a much higher level of uniformity than previously expected. In all regions studied, the European ancestry was predominant, with proportions ranging from 60.6% in the Northeast to 77.7% in the South.

http://www.plosone.org/article/info:...e.0017063.g002

lolwut? Even the "white" Brazilians aren't fully white.

[brazuca]

I did not say "white" Brazilians are fully european. What I said is that in the overall mixing, european ancestry is more important than african ancestry in the whole population. Autosomal DNA studies show it. MtDNA is informative, but not to assess the profile of a population, it only informs us of a distant ancestor on the maternal line. In places with the history as that of Brazil, there were mating patterns, biased ones, so that many carry native american mtDNA for example, in spite of having as a whole only a small % of it. The autosomal DNA, which measures all of the ancestors of a given individual, is the one which is really important in telling the whole thing.

Check out this study from 2011, with "whites", "pardos" and "blacks" according to their respective proportions (it is not like it is perfect, but it fits with other studies, and I'd rather believe it than uneducated guesses).


http://www.plosone.org/article/info:...e.0017063.g002

[curupira]

I don't throw opinions around. I prefer to quote informative scientific studies, preferably those which agree with several others.

[brazuca]

lolwut? Even the "white" Brazilians aren't fully white.

the white population is highly concentrated in south of the Brazil and mostly in the upper classes, you think you they tested these people?

[curupira]

That's not my point. I was addressing the whole population of Brazil, which is very wrongly portrayed abroad. That was it. Where and how many fully european individuals there are in Brazil, that's another topic...

the white population is highly concentrated in south of the Brazil and mostly in the upper classes, you think you they tested these people?