Latin American genetic studies [official archive]

[Argentano]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6243381/

Native ancestry is associated with optic neuritis and age of onset in hispanics with multiple sclerosis


Methods
Data were obtained for 1033 self‐identified Hispanics with MS from four MS‐based registries from four academic institutions across the United States January 2016–April 2017. Multivariate regression models, utilizing genetic ancestry estimates for Native American (NA), African, and European ancestry, were used to assess the relationship between genetic ancestry and ON presentation and age of MS onset, defined as age at first symptom.


The distribution of genetic ancestry proportions in Hispanics with MS across sites differs. UM, University of Miami, USC, University of Southern California, PR, San Juan MS Center in Puerto Rico; UCSF, University of California, San Francisco.

Notice how the hispanics in university of miami are around 80% european on average. USA white americans complain about latinos but a lot are heavily euro.

[Taiguaitiaoghyrmmumin]

Notice how the hispanics in university of miami are around 80% european on average. USA white americans complain about latinos but a lot are heavily euro.

Gerdel is a good artist. He is french argentinian which is interesting.

[Argentano]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6288849/

CLM Colombian in Medellin, Colombia 94
MXL Mexican Ancestry in Los Angeles, California 64
PEL Peruvian in Lima, Peru 85
PUR Puerto Rican in Puerto Rico 104

[Catarinense1998]

A genetic study about Santa Catarina (southern brazilian state):
Source: https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/129210

Abstract: Human genetic identification is centered on use of microsatellite markers (Short Tanden Repeats-STRs). However, in some situations as individuals with a high degree of kinship, cases of paternal disability, degraded biological samples and in low amounts of samples have been focused on the use of other markers such as: insertions/deletions (InDels), X chromosome markers (X-STRs), Y chromosome markers (Y-STRs) and hypervariable region 1 of mitochondrial DNA (HVR1-mtDNA). Thereby, to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity of the Santa Catarina population, unrelated individuals were genotyped for: (1) InDels markers, included in the DIPplex Investigator DIPplex Kit®, (2) autosomal STRs, included in the Investigator HDplexTM Kit®, (3) miniSTRs, included in the Investigator Hexaplex ESS Kit® and (4) the X chromosome STRs, through the Investigator Argus X -12 Kit®. Allele frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho, He) were determined, and the effectiveness of forensic parameters such as Power of Discrimination (PD), Probability of Coincidence (PC), Typical Paternity Index (TPI), Paternity Exclusion Power (PE) and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC). No deviation was observed (p <0.05) for the loci analyzed, except DXS10135 and DXS1079 Investigator Argus X-12 Kit®. All loci showed a high degree of genetic polymorphism. The highest PIC was observed in SE33 (0.948) and the lowest was observed in D6S474 (0.745). Forensic parameters were calculated based on allele frequencies for the Investigator HDplexTM and Investigator Hexaplex ESS® Kits. Combined Discrimination Power (CDP) and Combined Power of Exclusion (PEC) were 0.999999999999999999997752854927 and 0.99999999978062285, respectively. Allele frequencies for the 16 analyzed STR loci were compared with those of other populations from different geographical distributions. Genetic distance (Dsw) showed proximity between the Santa Catarina population, the European populations (France, Italy) and the sampled African population. The second group consisted of populations that do not significantly participated in the formation of Brazilian identity (Japan, Mexico, Colombia) and two isolated populations of Amerindian from Brazil. Allele frequencies and the statistical parameters of the Investigator Argus X-12 Kit® were obtained and the most polymorphic marker was DXS10135 with 23 polymorphic alleles and less polymorphic marker was DXS8378 with 5 alleles. Power of discrimination in Females (PDF) was 0.9999999999999999103669, while the Power of Discrimination in Males (PDM) was 0.999999999688867. Combined Power of Exclusionfor Trios and Duos were 0.99999999867687 and 0.999999589803, respectively. Linkage Disequilibrium tests were performed for all pairs of loci and only DXS7132-DXS10074 remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0008). Analysis of genetic distance was used and it was verified that the population of Santa Catarina had similarity with European populations (Germany, Denmark and Portugal) followed by North African populations (Morocco and Somalia) and distant from the populations of Shanghai and Greenland because these populations not participate in the formation of the Santa Catarina identity. Another objective of this project were the genetic characterization of the variability of patrilineal population of Santa Catarina through seventeen STRs located in a non-recombinant region of the Y chromosome, included in the AmpFISTR®YfilerTM Kit. After analysis, 305 haplotypes were identified and 292 of these were unique (96%). Comparing the results obtained in this study with data from Portuguese, Spanish, Italians, Germans, Africans and other Brazilian populations was observed the important contribution of Europeans from the Iberian Peninsula in the composition of the Santa Catarina population. Variability of matrilineal population of Santa Catarina was also characterized by the sequencing of the mtDNA hypervariable region 1 (mtDNA-HVR1). This technique was the standardized and implemented in the Forensic Genetics section of the Instituto Geral de Perícias do Estado de SC (IGP-SC). During the data analysis, 221 haplotypes (n = 342) were identified, these haplotypes were classified into 85 geographic subhaplogrupos. Considering the largest haplogroups, these results showed an important contribution of the European haplogroup H (32.16%). Amerindian haplogroups A, B, C and D represent 25.15% of the population in contrast to the African haplogroup L that totalize 7.02%. Besides the genetic contribution for the understanding of the history of Santa Catarina population, the realization of this thesis resulted in the implementation of new techniques in the Forensic Genetics section of the IGP-SC, including sixty new genetic markers in their analysis and the mitochondrial DNA sequencing to solve the forensic cases of high complexity.

[Argentano]

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...stract/2713961

[Argentano]

African American

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/857...321b236733.pdf

[Argentano]

MEXICO 2019 NATIONAL STUDY (1953 SAMPLES)

https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/a...863-018-0707-7

Based on genome-wide data from 1953 Mexican individuals, we performed a PCA and SNP weights were calculated to select subsets of unlinked AIMs within percentiles 0.10 and 0.90, ensuring that all chromosomes were represented.

In order to assess the accuracy of the population stratification correction through the Mexican country, we stratified the sample according to the state of birth of each participant. We considered four representative regions of Mexico as described in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2012. States grouped in each region share geographical, as well as socioeconomic characteristics [18]. Global ancestry of the individuals born in each region of Mexico was calculated using genome-wide data and parental information from the 1000 Genomes Project [19] with ADMIXTURE [20] at K = 3. Correlation between the gold standard PC1 and PC1 calculated using the panels for each region of Mexico was evaluated.

Our panel of 32 AIMs is equally accurate for the distinct regions of Mexico
According to previous reports [5], we found that the individuals born in the northern region of Mexico showed a lower Native American ancestry proportions, as compared to the individuals born in the rest of the country. In this study, the Native American ancestry proportions of the four geographic regions of Mexico were: North region 50.5%, Center region 63.3%, Mexico City region 59.6% and South region 64.6% (Fig. 4e). In spite of the above, the correlation between the PC1 calculated using genome-wide data and the PC1 calculated using our final subset of 32 AIMs was high (r2 > 0.95), even when separately analyzing the individuals born in each of the four different regions of Mexico (Fig. 4f).

[Zuh]

MEXICO 2019 NATIONAL STUDY (1953 SAMPLES)

https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/a...863-018-0707-7

Based on genome-wide data from 1953 Mexican individuals, we performed a PCA and SNP weights were calculated to select subsets of unlinked AIMs within percentiles 0.10 and 0.90, ensuring that all chromosomes were represented.

In order to assess the accuracy of the population stratification correction through the Mexican country, we stratified the sample according to the state of birth of each participant. We considered four representative regions of Mexico as described in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2012. States grouped in each region share geographical, as well as socioeconomic characteristics [18]. Global ancestry of the individuals born in each region of Mexico was calculated using genome-wide data and parental information from the 1000 Genomes Project [19] with ADMIXTURE [20] at K = 3. Correlation between the gold standard PC1 and PC1 calculated using the panels for each region of Mexico was evaluated.

Our panel of 32 AIMs is equally accurate for the distinct regions of Mexico
According to previous reports [5], we found that the individuals born in the northern region of Mexico showed a lower Native American ancestry proportions, as compared to the individuals born in the rest of the country. In this study, the Native American ancestry proportions of the four geographic regions of Mexico were: North region 50.5%, Center region 63.3%, Mexico City region 59.6% and South region 64.6% (Fig. 4e). In spite of the above, the correlation between the PC1 calculated using genome-wide data and the PC1 calculated using our final subset of 32 AIMs was high (r2 > 0.95), even when separately analyzing the individuals born in each of the four different regions of Mexico (Fig. 4f).

Lol highly incorrect I would have flip the ancestries into European specially those states highlighted enough said all test done in mexico from mex gov are wrong.

YOU are very ignorant bro this proves my point ahora resulta que Los altos una de las zonas mas Europeas de Mexico predomina el gen Indigena wtf

http://www.udg.mx/es/noticia/en-los-...na-que-europea


All TEST FROM MEX GOV ARE WRONG porque son indigenista so stop taking advantage.

[Marco94]

Lol highly incorrect I would have flip the ancestries into European specially those states highlighted enough said all test done in mexico from mex gov are wrong.

YOU are very ignorant bro this proves my point ahora resulta que Los altos una de las zonas mas Europeas de Mexico predomina el gen Indigena wtf

http://www.udg.mx/es/noticia/en-los-...na-que-europea


All TEST FROM MEX GOV ARE WRONG porque son indigenista so stop taking advantage.

1) The article explains the method used and the criteria, which perfectly fits the reality. It took into account social stratification and the results are weighted.
2) Do you have any other test perfomed in this area of Mexico? So we can compare it to this and other studies performed in Mexico. If not, you can't argue with your personal views and impressions against genetic studies perfomed by academics, where the criteria is public and has nothing rare.

[Token]

Lol highly incorrect I would have flip the ancestries into European specially those states highlighted enough said all test done in mexico from mex gov are wrong.

YOU are very ignorant bro this proves my point ahora resulta que Los altos una de las zonas mas Europeas de Mexico predomina el gen Indigena wtf

http://www.udg.mx/es/noticia/en-los-...na-que-europea


All TEST FROM MEX GOV ARE WRONG porque son indigenista so stop taking advantage.

Let's stop the wishful thinking. By the way, good to see that Mexico isn't exactly a mestizo country, it is even more Amerindian than that.