Latin American genetic studies [official archive]

[Argentano]

Brazil 2018 Study

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29574106

Self-reported color-race and genomic ancestry in an admixed population: a contribution
of a nationwide survey in patients with type 1 diabetes in Brazil


Methods: This was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in 14 public clinics from 10 Brazilian cities. Global and individual GA were inferred using a panel of 46 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) in 1,698 T1D patients. Ancestry percentage was compared with published data of Brazilian healthy controls (n=936) for the same AIMs.

T1D participants
This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted between August 2011 and August 2014 in 14 public clinics located in 10 Brazilian cities in five geographical regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast and South) with 1,760 T1D participants. The methods have been described previously [16]. Briefly, T1D patients received health care from the SUS (National Brazilian Health Care System) and have been diagnosed by the presence of typical clinical presentation of T1D, including variable degrees of hyperglycemia, weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and the need of continuous insulin use since the diagnosis. Included patients had at least 13 years of age, and were followed at each diabetes center for at least 6 months. Each clinic provided data from at least 50 patients with T1D who regularly attended the clinic.



Results: A higher median individual European ancestry was observed in T1D patients in comparison to controls 67.8 [31.2] vs. 56.3 [25.7] %, respectively (median [IQR]; p<0.001). As for self-reported color-race in T1D group, 923 (54.3%) participants reported to be White, 610 (35.9%) Brown, 132 (7.8%) Black, 18 (1.1%) Asian and 15 (0.9%) Indigenous. European GA prevailed in those who self-reported as White (74.6%) and Brown (61.1%) and constituted 39.1% in Black self-reported patients.

At intrapopulation level, GA heterogeneity was observed with a wide range of variation of ancestry proportions (Figure 1): EUR (2.3-99.1 %); AFR (0.2-88.7 %) and NAM (0.3-69.5%). This fact was also noted in controls: EUR (4.7-92.9 %), AFR (2.6-87.2%) and NAM (0.3-69.5 %). A higher median individual EUR ancestry proportion was observed in T1D patients in comparison to controls 67.8 [31.2] vs. 56.3 [25.7] %, respectively (median [IQR]; p<0.001). T1D participants had lower percentage of NAM contribution in comparison to controls (10.5 [16.1] vs. 16.0 [14.2] %, p<0.001) respectively, and a lower median individual proportion of AFR GA in comparison to controls (15.8 [23.3] vs 22.5 [22.7] %, p<0.001), respectively. Only patients with T1D (N=110, 6.3%) showed an EUR GA greater than 95%. These patients had a contribution of African and Native Amerindian GA of 1.55[1.11] and 1.80 [1.12] %, respectively. No patients with T1D or controls had African or Native Amerindian GA greater than 95%.

[Erronkari]

Era una broma. Es más bien por el nombre y por su connotación o segundo significado que hace bastante gracia. Yo creo que cualquiera que se ponga a ver un mapa de Brasil, entre la ciudades que mas impactaría sería Pelotas. ¿Como se llama (gentilicio) a los habitantes de Pelotas?.

Creo que pelotenses jeje.

[akondrel]

Pelotenses com certeza

[Kriptc06]

Creo que pelotenses jeje.

pelotenses

[Dominicanese]

quiero que lo sacen pa yo comer me los

[Argentano]

https://www.cell.com/ajhg/pdf/S0002-9297(17)30390-7.pdf

Material and Methods
Population Samples and Genome-wide Genotyping
Techniques
The DNA samples were collected from ten different locations in
South America and west Africa. The samples from South America
(n ¼ 107) included 71 individuals from four Noir Marron communities
in French Guiana and Suriname (23 Aluku, 23 Ndjuka, 19
Saramaka, and six Paramaka) (Figure S1), 16 African-Brazilians
from Rio de Janeiro, and 20 African-Colombians from the Antioquia
and Choco´ departments in Colombia. The samples from
west Africa (n ¼ 124) included 19 Fon, 24 Bariba, and 24 Yoruba
from Benin, 20 Ahizi and 17 Yacouba from the Ivory Coast, and
20 Bwa from Mali


Afro Bazilian 71% African
Afro Colombian 76% African
Noir Marron 97% African

[Argentano]

Brazil

https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.co...medcentral.com

Methods
Cases and control
Te participants of the research were chosen based on
a case–control study. Participants from both case and
control groups were recruited from free services in public
institutions, were from the same socioeconomic level,
and belonged to the same geographic area.
Te case group constituted of 137 individuals that were
diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma, attended by the
Unifed Health System (SUS), in a public hospital that is
reference in the treatment of this kind of neoplasm (Hospital
Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Pará, Brazil).
Most patients involved in the study (80%) presented
advanced tumor staging—grade III and IV according to
Borrmann classifcation.
Te control group constituted of 262 cancer-free individuals,
attended in the Laboratório de Exercício Resistido
e de Saúde (LERES), from a public university of the
region (Universidade Estadual do Pará, Pará, Brazil).


According to the ancestry analyses conducted in this
study, the ethnic composition of the case group was 41%
European, 26% African and 33% Amerindian. By comparison,
the control group’s ancestry contributions was 47%
European, 23% African and 30% Amerindian (Table 1).
Te results revealed that there was a higher contribution
of European ancestry in the control group compared
to the case group (47% vs. 41%).

[Argentano]

Peru

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/06/25/1720798115

[time67]

Let's say "white" is more than 75% European/Mena, "black" is more than 55% SSA, and Amerindian is more than 70% Amerindian. I specify because my estimates will probably differ if I used a different standard for each country.

Mexico:
75% Mestizo(Primarily Balanced)
15% Amerindian
9% White
1.5% Tri-racial(Balanced)
0.5% Zambo
0.5% Asian
0.5% Black


Guatemala:

47.5% Amerindian
39% Mestizo(Generally Indo-leaning Mestizo and Balanced Mestizo)
9% White
2% Black
1.5% Zambo
1% Tri-racial(Balanced)

El Salvador:

75.3% Mestizo(Mainly Balanced and Indo leaning Mestizo)
8% Amerindian
8% White
7.5% Tri-racial(Balanced)
1% Zambo
0.2% Black


Honduras:

60% Mestizo(Mainly Indo leaning Mestizo)
17% Amerindian
13% Tri-racial(Mainly Balanced)
4% Zambo
4% Black
2% White

Nicaragua:

49% Mestizo(Mainly Balanced Mestizo)
16% Amerindian
15% Tri-racial(Mainly Balanced)
9% White
7.5% Black
5% Zambo

Panama:
30% Mestizo(Mainly Balanced)
20% Tri-racial
16% Black
15% Amerindian
7.5% Mulatto(Mainly Balanced)
5% White
5% Asian(Mainly Chinese)
1.5% Zambo


Costa Rica:

55.8% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
16.5% White
12.5% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
5% Mulatto(Mainly Balanced)
5% Black
3% Amerindian
0.2% Asian

Puerto Rico:

40% White
25% Tri-racial(Euro leaning)
19.8% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon)
15% Black
0.2% Asian


Cuba:

40% White
35% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon and Balanced)
20% Black
3% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
2% Asian(Mainly Chinese)

Dominican Republic:
45% Mulatto(Mainly Balanced)
40% Black
9% White
5.5% Tri-racial(Euro leaning)
0.5% Asian


Brazil:

45% White
27.5% Tri-racial(Euro-Leaning)
12.5% Black
10.5% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon)
3% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
1.5% Asian(Mainly Japanese)
0.5% Amerindian

Colombia:

50% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
16.5% Tri-racial(Euro-Leaning)
15% White
7.5% Black
5.5% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon)
3% Zambo
2.5% Amerindian

Venezuela:

50% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
21.5% Tri-racial(Euro Leaning and Balanced)
15% White
5.5% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon)
4.5% Black
2% Zambo
1.5% Amerindian

Ecuador:

42.5% Mestizo(Mainly Indo-leaning)
36.5% Amerindian
8% Tri-racial
7% Black
3.5% White
2.5% Zambo


Peru:

50% Amerindian
31% Mestizo(Mainly Indo-leaning)
8% White
7.5% Asian(Chinese, Japanese, etc.)
2% Black
1% Zambo
0.5% Tri-racial

Bolivia:

66% Amerindian
30% Mestizo(Mainly Indo Leaning)
2.5% White
0.5% Zambo
0.5% Black
0.5% Asian

Chile:

71.9% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
17.5% White
10% Amerindian
0.5% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
0.1% Black

Paraguay:

75% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
12.5% White
10% Amerindian
2% Tri-racial(Balanced)
0.5% Black


Argentina:

70% White
25% Mestizo(Mainly Castizo and Harnizo)
4% Amerindian
0.5% Asian
0.3% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
0.2% Black

Uruguay:
80% White
7% Mestizo(Mainly Castizo)
7% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
3% Black
2.5% Mulatto(Quadroon leaning)
0.5% Amerindian

This is based on various DNA samples, demographic patterns, crowd shots, school photos, etc.


The top 5 blackest Latin American countries in terms of 55% > SSA are, in order: Dominican Republic, Cuba, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Brazil.

The top 5 whitest Latin American countries in terms of 75% > Euro/Mena are: Uruguay, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Costa Rica.

The top 5 most Amerindian countries in terms of 70% > Amerindian are: Bolivia, Peru, Guatemala, Ecuador, and Honduras.

Note: I didn't factor in recent immigration patterns such as the Haitian explosion in Chile.

Feel free to correct anything you think is off.

[Costas]

Let's say "white" is more than 75% European/Mena, "black" is more than 55% SSA, and Amerindian is more than 70% Amerindian. I specify because my estimates will probably differ if I used a different standard for each country.

Mexico:
75% Mestizo(Primarily Balanced)
15% Amerindian
9% White
1.5% Tri-racial(Balanced)
0.5% Zambo
0.5% Asian
0.5% Black


Guatemala:

47.5% Amerindian
39% Mestizo(Generally Indo-leaning Mestizo and Balanced Mestizo)
9% White
2% Black
1.5% Zambo
1% Tri-racial(Balanced)

El Salvador:

75.3% Mestizo(Mainly Balanced and Indo leaning Mestizo)
8% Amerindian
8% White
7.5% Tri-racial(Balanced)
1% Zambo
0.2% Black


Honduras:

60% Mestizo(Mainly Indo leaning Mestizo)
17% Amerindian
13% Tri-racial(Mainly Balanced)
4% Zambo
4% Black
2% White

Nicaragua:

49% Mestizo(Mainly Balanced Mestizo)
16% Amerindian
15% Tri-racial(Mainly Balanced)
9% White
7.5% Black
5% Zambo

Panama:
30% Mestizo(Mainly Balanced)
20% Tri-racial
16% Black
15% Amerindian
7.5% Mulatto(Mainly Balanced)
5% White
5% Asian(Mainly Chinese)
1.5% Zambo


Costa Rica:

55.8% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
16.5% White
12.5% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
5% Mulatto(Mainly Balanced)
5% Black
3% Amerindian
0.2% Asian

Puerto Rico:

40% White
25% Tri-racial(Euro leaning)
19.8% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon)
15% Black
0.2% Asian


Cuba:

40% White
35% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon and Balanced)
20% Black
3% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
2% Asian(Mainly Chinese)

Dominican Republic:
45% Mulatto(Mainly Balanced)
40% Black
9% White
5.5% Tri-racial(Euro leaning)
0.5% Asian


Brazil:

45% White
27.5% Tri-racial(Euro-Leaning)
12.5% Black
10.5% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon)
3% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
1.5% Asian(Mainly Japanese)
0.5% Amerindian

Colombia:

50% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
16.5% Tri-racial(Euro-Leaning)
15% White
7.5% Black
5.5% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon)
3% Zambo
2.5% Amerindian

Venezuela:

50% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
21.5% Tri-racial(Euro Leaning and Balanced)
15% White
5.5% Mulatto(Mainly Quadroon)
4.5% Black
2% Zambo
1.5% Amerindian

Ecuador:

42.5% Mestizo(Mainly Indo-leaning)
36.5% Amerindian
8% Tri-racial
7% Black
3.5% White
2.5% Zambo


Peru:

50% Amerindian
31% Mestizo(Mainly Indo-leaning)
8% White
7.5% Asian(Chinese, Japanese, etc.)
2% Black
1% Zambo
0.5% Tri-racial

Bolivia:

66% Amerindian
30% Mestizo(Mainly Indo Leaning)
2.5% White
0.5% Zambo
0.5% Black
0.5% Asian

Chile:

71.9% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
17.5% White
10% Amerindian
0.5% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
0.1% Black

Paraguay:

75% Mestizo(Mainly Harnizo)
12.5% White
10% Amerindian
2% Tri-racial(Balanced)
0.5% Black


Argentina:

70% White
25% Mestizo(Mainly Castizo and Harnizo)
4% Amerindian
0.5% Asian
0.3% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
0.2% Black

Uruguay:
80% White
7% Mestizo(Mainly Castizo)
7% Tri-racial(Euro-leaning)
3% Black
2.5% Mulatto(Quadroon leaning)
0.5% Amerindian

This is based on various DNA samples, demographic patterns, crowd shots, school photos, etc.


The top 5 blackest Latin American countries in terms of 55% > SSA are, in order: Dominican Republic, Cuba, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Brazil.

The top 5 whitest Latin American countries in terms of 75% > Euro/Mena are: Uruguay, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Costa Rica.

The top 5 most Amerindian countries in terms of 70% > Amerindian are: Bolivia, Peru, Guatemala, Ecuador, and Honduras.

Note: I didn't factor in recent immigration patterns such as the Haitian explosion in Chile.

Feel free to correct anything you think is off.

Chile doesn't have 10% over 70% Amerindian. In fact, it doesn't even have 5% over 70% Amerindian.

Most Mapuches are genetically Mestizos.

Haitians were around 0.6% in April 2017. They should be around 0.8% - 1.0% nowadays, so that'd mean Chile is around 1.0% Black (perhaps more taking Black Colombians also into account).