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Historical-linguistic context of the Torlak dialect
The old population of the Moravian Valley (the so-called Moravians) migrated along the military border in the Austrian Empire until the XVII-XVIII century, and a large part of the old Bulgarian population was deported from the Belgrade region after the conquest of Belgrade in 1521. The areas of Pomoravie and Podunavije remained very sparsely populated after the Ottoman conquest in the XV-XVI centuries. After the Karposhov and Chiprovtsi uprisings, these areas were again inhabited mainly by Bulgarians, but from the southern and eastern regions. Vlachs settled in the northern parts, along the Mlava and Pek rivers, as well as in Kladovo. The Russian linguist Athanasius Selishchev noticed that the Timosh Vlachs in the Branichev region preserved the old toponymy of the region, which was of Bulgarian rather than Serbian origin. One of the earliest sources written in one of the dialects defined as transitional dialects / transitional dialects, sometimes classified not exactly as Torlak dialects or Torlak dialect, is a common name used by linguists and dialectologists to denote dialects in Eastern Serbia, some parts of Kosovo, the northeastern part of Northern Macedonia (Kriva Palanka, Kratovo, Kumanovo), Northwestern and Western Bulgaria (Belogradchik, Godech, Dragoman, Trun, Breznik), as well as the speech of the small communities of the Karashenians in Romania and the Gorani in Kosovo and Albania /, is the Tem manuscript from 1764, in which the author Kiril Zhivkovic from Pirot defines his language as “simple Bulgarian. The title of the manuscript is "Из душевного обреда в’ неделных днех слова избрана. На прости язык болгарскій". - "Selected words from the weekly spiritual rituals. In simple Bulgarian language". The manuscript consists of 232 sheets, where 34 writings are collected. The basic languages of the manuscript are Torlakian dialect and Church Slavonic with some Russian influences. This manuscript is a monument, reflecting the state of transitional dialects between Bulgarian and Serbian in the middle of 18th century. Today this manuscript is stored in the Library of Matica Srpska in Novi Sad under № PP 169
“ ...Even if a man lives well, he dies and another one comes into existence. Let the one who comes later upon seeing this inscription remember the one who had made it. And the name is Omurtag, Kanasubigi. ”
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For the ancestors of Bosniaks all Christians were "Vlachs" including Austrians, Venetians, Russians, Poles etc. On the other hand they call themselves "Turks" in Ottoman time. Bosnian Serbs and Croatians when dislike Bosniaks every day call them TURKS.
Part of the song of Bosnian Muslims from 1669. in which they celebrate Ottoman conquest of Crete (Candia) and call Venetians "Vlachs."
Njih bijaše nekoliko buljuka
zadaća im bijaše vojevat'
omalen nastaće tufan,
iziće će veličanstveni sultan,
čudesa su ovo Mustafina.
Od starina bijahu vladari,
oni orvoriše put osvajanju,
sjeći će glave, a krv prolijevat;
Koji će učiniti da bude obći mir,
a osvojenje je pomoć božija;
Ne može se kazivati, da je to učinio ko drugi,
već je to božiji kalem.
Oj vi Vlasi mletački, otić' će vam Kandija,
budite sužanj, turski kad vam ode Kandija,
odkako ste postali, izgubiste vlasteli,
niste tako ostali, kad vam ode Kandija.
etc.
Bold sentence means "Hey you Venetian Vlachs, you will lost Candia (Crete)."
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