African civilizations

[Robocop]

I agree, and maybe I expressed myself wrong, but I didn't mean to include Egypt as "African", at least not SSA (that's why I said "north Africa", to make a distinction) and then I said "the rest of Africa". Egypt civilization was something else indeed, and they weren't black (SSA) that's why I didn't include them with the rest of Africa.

I have nothin against blacks, but they are going on my nerves when they claim Ancient Egypt as "black civilization", and believe it or not, many AfroAmericans think that is a fact.

Pathetic lol.

And what's worse today western education is encouraging them in that even though that is total Historical blasphemy/idiocracy.

Ancient Egyptians were more or less like present day ones, nevermind today Egyptians are arabized in terms of language.

[Bezprym]

I have nothin against blacks, but they are going on my nerves when they claim Ancient Egypt as "black civilization", and believe it or not, many AfroAmericans think that is a fact.

Anubis was black.

Spoiler!

His head at least

[Ta seti]

(Amara West) in Northern Sudan. Continuing excavation at this site here by both local and foreign Archaeologist.

The temple is reburied in the Sudan.






Recent finds.

The fragments of two sandstone doorjambs in the shaft of G321, with sandbags used to keep the fill of the chamber from entering the shaft.

The shaft of G321, the better preserved pyramid itself already yielded some very important finds. Discarded in the shaft, 4m below the surface, were fragments of two large sandstone doorjambs. Both bear finely carved hieroglyphic inscriptions and may once have stood at the entrance to the funerary chapel.

https://blog.amarawest.britishmuseum.org/2015/02/

We intend to undertake a full architectural recording of the monument, including additional inscriptions, to better understood how it was built, modified and used. It needs to be reburied before the end of the season to protect it for future generations. Other than the imposing monumentality of the gateway – over 6m long, over 3m wide, and once standing over 4m tall – it is striking how the ground level of the house outside are set high above it, partly set on rubbish dumps.

At a depth of 2.5m below present surface, workmen Al-Nezir Mohamed (“Bushi”) and Abou Ad (right) revealed the top of an ancient doorway in the shaft cut through the schist bedrock below pyramid G321. Patience is needed, with the sand fill removed by hauling buckets up the shaft, before we can glimpse into the burial chamber.

[Robocop]

Anubis was black.

Spoiler!

His head at least

LOL, the only black Egyptian ever. lol

[Ta seti]

Ruins of Jebel Barkal Sudan this is inside the santuary.

[Ta seti]

Nigeria bust 12th century and 13 century, i believe the Yoruba or IFE people



http://medieval-illumination.blogspo...h-century.html

[Ta seti]

Sudanese rarely talk about this period, Which is the former Christian period of the country which consisted of what is today Northern Sudan region and parts of Upper Egypt, at one time it reached as far as Akhmim.

By the middle of the tenth century, hostilities had again broken out with Egypt. The Nubians invaded that country and, benefiting from the state of disorder there, reached, in the year A.D. 962, as far as the town of Akhmim, and for a time controlled Upper Egypt, at least to the north of Edfu. The discovery there of Nubian documents in the monastery of St. Mercurios suggests that it had become a centre of Nubian culture.

http://rumkatkilise.org/nubia.htm

There were three Christian states during this period the Kingdom of Nobatia, Makuria, and Alodia. Makuria pretty much merged with Nobatia fighting against the rulers in Egypt during that period.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makuria
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobatia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alodia
https://blog.britishmuseum.org/2014/...e-middle-nile/

Makurian art and how the people during the christian period portraited themselves.

[Numidia]

What's the big difference between Phoenicia and Carthage? They were the same people and spoke the same language. Its similar to Russia and the SU. The Vikings were just a tiny minority i.e. the ruling elite of Kievan Rus.

They used to talk punic (mix of amazigh dialects and old phoenician). The phoenician language disappeared a long time ago.

You basically suggest that Phoenicians came to Tunisia, built Carthage in 814 BCE, and had so much sex to produce so much children, to be eventually able to create a powerful military - powerful enough to be potentially able to resist Rome? Or maybe they simply had a great exodus from present day Lebanon and they settled in the middle of nowhere deciding: here we will built Carthage, since it is a very peaceful, uninhabited place?

Spoiler!

There were people already.

One of the army that fought rome were composed of 400 000 soldiers (mostly natives maghrebians and spagniards/south italians). Even carthaginians/phoenicians area in south europe were mostly composed of natives. Dna tests on coastal maghrebians have revealed that their are north african with a little spanish/italians admixture because of trade. I have no idea why some lebanese claim phoenicians nobody know from where they came from, at first they have settled in east mediterranean coasts not in lebanon

[Ta seti]

Queen Tiye ruins Sedeinga in Northern Sudan. She is the mother of Akhenaten and grand mother of King tut.

Tiye (c. 1398 BC – 1338 BC, also spelled Taia, Tiy and Tiyi) was the daughter of Yuya and Tjuyu (also spelled Thuyu). She became the Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III. She was the mother of Akhenaten and grandmother of Tutankhamun. Her mummy was identified as "The Elder Lady" found in the tomb of Amenhotep II (KV35) in 2010.

Her husband devoted a number of shrines to her and constructed a temple dedicated to her in Sedeinga in Nubia where she was worshipped as a form of the goddess Hathor-Tefnut.[9] He also had an artificial lake built for her in his Year 12.[10] As the American Egyptologists David O'Connor and Eric Cline note:
“ The unprecedented thing about Tiyi. ... is not where she came from but what she became. No previous queen ever figured so prominently in her husband's lifetime. Tiyi regularly appeared besides Amenhotep III in statuary, tomb and temple reliefs, and stelae while her name is paired with his on numerous small objects, such as vessels and jewelry, not to mention the large commemorative scarabs, where her name regularly follows his in the dateline. New elements in her portraiture, such as the addition of cows' horns and sun disks—attributes of the goddess Hathor—to her headdress, and her representation in the form of a sphinx—an image formerly reserved for the king—emphasize her role as the king's divine, as well as earthly partner. Amenhotep III built a temple to her in Sedeinga in northern Sudan, where she was worshiped as a form of Hathor ... The temple at Sedeinga was the pendant to Amenhotep III's own, larger temple at Soleb, fifteen kilometres to the south (an arrangement followed a century later by Ramses II at Abu Simbel, where there are likewise two temples, the larger southern temple dedicated to the king, and the smaller, northern temple dedicated to the queen, Nefertiry, as Hathor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiye

SEDEINGA

Some Meroitic texts mention gods, dignitaries and priests of Atiye. According to Audran Labrousse, Atiye perpetuates the name given by the Egyptians of the New Kingdom to a place called Hut Tiy (hwt Tiy), the temple of the queen Tiy. Today it is still called Adeye (Atiye) or Sedeinga.
The site includes:


- the remains of a sanctuary for the sovereign Amenhotep III and his spouse, the queen Tiy (c. 1391-1354 BC),
- a large Napatan and Meroitic necropolis (VII Century BC to V Century AD)
- a Christian settlement (VII to XII Century AD)
According to the pre-historian Jacques Reinold, Sedeinga has Neolithic remains. A large necropolis extends for almost a kilometre from north to south, to the west of the Temple.

The temple of the queen Tiy (Hut Tiy)
The excavations of Michela Schiff Giorgini began in 1963. In an area that today is desert, it is no more than a mass of blocks of sandstone with a single column standing, with a Hathor capital. The grooved shaft carries the name of the queen on two sides.
The Hut Tiy is associated with that of Soleb, which is located about 15km further south. Mid-way between them, the speos of Jebel Docha, a rock-cut sanctuary in a mountain by the banks of the Nile, attests the Egyptian presence since Thutmose III.


The investigations of the French Archaeological Mission of Sedeinga confirm that no other structure was erected before the Hut Tiy. The temple is orientated east-west and seems to have been preceded by a colonnade. According to the drawings of R. Lepsius, the hypostyle hall included sixteen columns with Hathor capitals. At the rear, towards the west of the hypostyle hall, a door would have led to the antechamber that gave access to three sanctuaries.


According to Audran Labrousse, the iconography of the reliefs seems to be in accord with the rise to power and the coronation of the sovereign Amenhotep III.
The lintel of the door that led from the vestibule to the hypostyle hall is unique. The publication by E.A. Wallis Budge in 1907, shows in the upper register the queen Tiy with the body of a lion in a walking attitude and a human face wearing a modius (circular head decoration sometimes with a crown superimposed) similar to that worn by the queen Nefertiti. The lower register is decorated with three cartouches on which are superimposed feathers of Maat: the name of the queen is surrounded by those of Amenhotep III (Neb Maat Ra). Among the blocks there are two scenes of the ritual race of the king which bring to mind the feast of Heb-Sed.


As at Soleb, the god Amun and the deified king Amenhotep III are worshipped. The queen is associated with this cult in the form of the goddess Hathor.
During the Napatan and Meroitic periods, it is perhaps in the Hut Tiy that the goddess Isis and the god Horus are worshipped.
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nubie-international.fr
Napatean cemetery situated in the western part of the temple of Sedeinga / Nécropole napatéenne située à l'ouest du temple de Sedeinga
The great Napatan and Meroitic necropolis (VII BC – V Century AD)


This necropolis of more than 200 graves extends to the north of the Hut Tiy. It crosses two wadis and covers more than 600m to the south and 200m from east to west.
The superstructures of the graves, made of mud-brick or of black schist are of a pyramidal shape. Their height, with a very steep slope, could reach between 3 and 9m. Oriented east-west, the chamber was accessed through a descendary that could be as long as 17m. Some complexes had in their sub-structure an antechamber and a chamber.
When the earth the grave was dug into was too friable, the chamber took the shape of a shaft covered by a mud-brick vault that supported a fill. The excavators have found modest inhumations: slipper shaped tombs where the deceased was arranged in a small niche in the chamber, or graves with a lateral cut, where the deceased was placed in an extended position on the main axis of the shaft.
The funerary material: besides some bases of wooden coffins, traces of shrouds made of a net of beads, ceramics and perfume burners, numerous bottles, flutes, caliciform cups and globular recipients have also been found. The most beautiful finds are a pair of footed blue flute glasses decorated with gold leaf, representing Osiris seated on a throne. Carriers of offerings process in front of him. An inscription reads Drink (to) live. Without doubt this is a reference to the god of resurrection, Osiris, who since the oldest antiquity is described 'as the one of the wine'.

In 1963 a group of nine pyramids located at about 500m from the Hut Tiy intrigued the archaeologists. They cover the Neolithic burials on the highest point of the site. The most important one (each side measuring 9.8m) in black schist, has the footing of a door jamb, bearing the name and the silhouette of Taharqo. The chamber had been robbed but still presents the remains of a male body of some fifty years of age. Some sheets of gold leaf confirm the presence of rich funerary goods. Audran Labrousse wonders whether it is the burial of the sovereign, or was he buried at Nuri, as Reisner thought? The door jamb is perhaps reused from a building erected in the Hut Tiy under Taharqo.

The Christain settlement (VII-XII Century)
The excavations have revealed, at the south of the Hut Tiy, in front of a long vein of quartz that appears like a wall, a settlement of the Christian period: located near a small church, remains in mud brick could have belonged to a monastery. The cemetery prolongs, to the south, the Napatan and Meroitic necropolis.

http://nubie-international.fr/accuei...164020&lang=en

[IMG]http://www.livescience.com/images/i/000/036/431/original/sedeinga-pyramids-1.jpg?1360161752?interpolation=lanczos-none&downsize=*:1400[/IMG]


The Bust of Queen Tiye found in Egypt.



another statue of her at the temple site in Northern Sudan.



http://www.mfa.org/collections/objec...een-tiye-46188

[Ta seti]

The Lion temple North Sudan.