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Thread: Y-chromosomal haplogroup distribution in the Tuzla Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina

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    Default Y-chromosomal haplogroup distribution in the Tuzla Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Molecular diversity of 23 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat loci in the population of Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
    sources: Y-chromosomal haplogroup distribution in the Tuzla Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A concordance study using four different in silico assignment algorithms based on Y-STR data


    Background: Tuzla Canton is the most populated region in the ethnically mixed territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose genetic analysis could provide an insight into past demographic events.

    Background: Tuzla Canton is the most populated region in the ethnically mixed territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose genetic analysis could provide an insight into past demographic events.

    Aim: Analysis of 23 Y-chromosome STR markers in the population of Tuzla Canton and investigation of the genetic relationship of the male population of the Tuzla Canton and that of the larger Bosnian and Herzegovinian population as well as neighbouring and other European populations.

    Subjects and methods: The study was conducted among 100 unrelated healthy adult males from Tuzla Canton that have been genotyped using 23 Y-STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y23 kit. Statistical parameters such as haplotype diversity and allele frequencies were calculated, as well as the Rst-based genetic distances between the new dataset and those from Bosnia and Herzegovina and elsewhere, which were then visualised through multi-dimensional scaling plot and neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree analyses.

    Results: The PowerPlex Y23 kit has shown high discrimination capacity, as all 100 individuals have unique haplotypes. The newly incorporated loci seem to be highly informative. Population comparison reveals no statistically significant differences between the study population and the general Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, and between the study population and neighbouring populations.

    Conclusion: These results could be used as an additional investigation of the genetic relationship between the regional populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighbouring human populations, as well as for further human population and forensic genetics studies.

    Introduction

    Archaeological findings imply that the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) has been continuously populated since the Palaeolithic Era, which has led to a high diversity among local human populations
    According to its Constitution, B&H consists of two entities, namely the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska. Tuzla Canton is the third largest of 10 cantons in the Federation of B&H. The cantonal administrative centre is in the city of Tuzla. The name “Tuzla” is the Ottoman Turkish word for salt mine (tuzla) and refers to the extensive salt deposits found underneath the city. The Latin name of the town in Roman times, Salines, has the same etymology. Archaeological evidence suggests that the area of the present-day Tuzla was continuously inhabited for more than 6000 years, which makes this area one of the oldest sustained settlements in the region.
    During the period of the Roman Republic (before the area was conquered by Rome), Tuzla (or Salines) was ruled by the Illyrians. The city was first mentioned in 950 AD by Constantine Porphyrogenitus. During the Middle Ages, it belonged mostly to the mediaeval Kingdom of Bosnia. During the last millennium, this region was an important traffic, economical, as well as demographical crossroad, especially through the second half of the 20th century, when the area of Tuzla emerged as one of the biggest industrial centres in former Yugoslavia. Opening of the numerous factories within this area attracted people from all over the country of Bosnia Herzegovina to permanently settle here. Despite the last war activities and many forced migrations within Bosnia and Herzegovina, the region of Tuzla Canton still mostly preserves a diverse mixed population, meaning that novel genetic analyses could provide an insight into past and interesting demographic events in the area.

    This area is the most populated region, with a mixed population of 477 278 citizens according to the last census, representing 13.5% of the total population in B&H, which equals 3 531 159 individuals (Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    The territory of Tuzla is geographically positioned in the North-Eastern part of B&H (Figure 1) and, despite the last war activities and many forced migrations, the region of Tuzla Canton mostly preserved a diverse mixed population whose genetic analysis could provide an insight into past demographic events.

    Figure 1. Geographic position of Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Insert: Marked in black is territory of B&H in Europe.


    Materials and methods

    Sample collection and DNA extraction

    A total of 100 unrelated, healthy adult male individuals living in Tuzla Canton, B&H, were sampled for Y-STR analysis during 2016. All municipalities belonging to Tuzla Canton were surveyed, namely: Banovići, Gračanica, Gradačac, Kladanj, Lukavac, Srebrenik, Tuzla and Živinice. The geographical location of the reference population is shown in Figure 1. DNA samples were collected using buccal swabs, air-dried, placed in paper envelopes and stored at 4 °C. All participants signed an informed consent and ethical approval was received from the Ethical Committee of the Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Sarajevo, B&H. Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal swabs using Qiagen DNeasy™ Tissue Kit.
    DNA amplification and Y-STR typing

    PCR amplification of 23 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, DYS643 and Y-GATA-H4) incorporated in the PowerPlex® Y23 System (Promega Corp., Madison, WI) was performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (Promega Corporation, 2012 Promega Corporation. 2012. PowerPlex® Y23 system: technical manual. Madison, WI: Promega Corporation.
    ). PCR amplification was carried out using GeneAmp PCR System Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Amplification products were detected on an ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyser (ABI). Collected data were analysed and haplotypes were obtained using GeneMapper software version 3.2 (ABI).

    Complete DNA extraction, amplification and Y-STR typing protocols were carried out at the Forensic Genetics Laboratory in the Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in Sarajevo, B&H, which is a laboratory that has successfully passed the Quality Control Exercise by the YHRD in 2005.
    Statistical analyses

    The extent of population genetic structure in studied data was assessed by means of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The counting method was used in order to calculate haplotype and allele frequencies. Nei’s formula was used to estimate haplotype diversity. Gene diversity (GD), match probability (MP) and discrimination capacity were calculated as well (Nei, 1987 Nei M. 1987. Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
    ). Estimations were calculated by Arlequin software (version 3.5; Excoffier & Lischer, 2010 Excoffier L, Lischer HE. 2010. Arlequin suite ver. 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol Ecol Resour 10:564–567.
    [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]
    ). Genetic distances were quantified by Rst values by the AMOVA online tool from the Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database – YHRD (www.yhrd.org; Willuweit & Roewer, 2007 Willuweit S, Roewer L. 2007. Y chromosome haplotype reference database (YHRD): update. Forensic Sci Int Genet 1:83–87.
    [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]
    ). Associated probability values (p-values) between studied populations and the neighbouring European populations with 10 000 permutations were included. Genetic distances were used to generate MDS plots for the comparison of different population haplotype data obtained from the YHRD. The following populations were compared in the present study: Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 100), Slovenia (n = 104), Belgium (n = 79), Estonia (n = 123), Latvia (n = 138), Lithuania (n = 84), Netherlands (n = 93), Norway (n = 280), Poland (n = 102), Spain (n = 76), Sweden (n = 51), Switzerland (n = 120), Central England (n = 80), Southern England (n = 113), Austria (n = 253), Croatia (n = 232), Czech Republic (n = 109), Germany (n = 66) and Hungary (n = 344; Table 1).

    Phylogenetic analysis

    Phylogeny was inferred using the neighbour-joining method (Nei & Saitou, 1987 Nei M, Saitou N. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425.
    [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]
    ). Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 (Tamura et al., 2013 Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30:2725–2729.
    [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]
    ).
    Results and discussion
    In the present study, a total of 100 unique haplotypes were detected in the investigation of Y-STR frequency among Tuzla Canton male individuals (Supplementary Table I, YHRD Accession Number: YA004210). These results imply a successful sample collection from unrelated male individuals from this area, in addition to the high power of discrimination and information content of the PowerPlex Y23 kit used in the research. Calculated haplotype diversity was 1.0000 ± 0.0014 with a discrimination capacity (DC) of 1.00 and a match probability (MP) of 0.01. A recent investigation of Uyghur population (Bian et al., 2016 Bian Y, Zhang S, Zhou W, Zhao Q. 2016. Analysis of genetic admixture in Uyghur using the 26 Y-STR loci system. Sci Rep 6:19998. doi: 10.1038/srep19998.
    [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]
    ) confirmed this finding by demonstrating that DC and MP for 23 and 26 Y-STR loci have the same values, thus implying that a multiplex reaction containing 23 Y-STR loci is enough for obtaining detailed and accurate population genetics data.

    In total, 149 alleles from 23 loci were detected in the study population (Table 2). Apart from DYS385a/b loci that were analysed as a single locus and had a genetic diversity (GD) value of 0.798, the most informative locus was DYS481 with a GD of 0.877 and 12 detected alleles. The frequency of the two major alleles was only 0.18, further demonstrating its high informativity. A previous study of the representative population in B&H (Kovacevic et al., 2013 Kovacevic L, Fatur-Ceric V, Hadzic N, Cakar J, Primorac D, Marjanovic D. 2013. Haplotype data for 23 Y-chromosome markers in a reference sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croat Med J 54:286–290.
    [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]
    ) also identified this locus as the most informative. Other highly informative loci were DYS643 (GD =0.765) and DYS389II (GD =0.763). It is worth mentioning that all six new loci from the PP Y23 kit were highly informative and polymorphic in the study population. When it comes to the least informative loci, DYS392 had the lowest GD of 0.237 and four alleles, with the major allele having a frequency of 0.87, followed by DYS389I (GD =0.313, four alleles). When compared to the general Bosnian-Herzegovinian population (Marjanovic et al., 2005 Marjanovic D, Bakal N, Pojskic N, Kapur L, Drobnic K, Primorac D, Bajrovic K, et al. 2005. Population data for the twelve Y-chromosome short tandem repeat loci from the sample of multinational population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Forensic Sci 50:223–225.
    [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]
    , 2006 Marjanovic D, Pojskic N, Bakal N, Drobnic K, Primorac D, Bajrovic K, Hadziselmovic R. 2006. Preliminary population study at fifteen autosomal and twelve Y-chromosome short tandem repeat loci in the representative sample of multinational Bosnia and Herzegovina residents. Int Congr Ser 1288:243–245.
    [CrossRef]
    ), it is obvious that the results are in compliance with the present study, as DYS392 had the lowest GD in these two studies as well. The same applies for the investigation of Sarajevo Canton males over 12 Y-STRs from the PowerPlex Y kit, where the same locus had the lowest GD of 0.284 (Cenanovic et al., 2010 Cenanovic M, Pojskic N, Kovacevic L, Dzehverovic M, Cakar J, Musemic J, Marjanovic D. 2010. Diversity of Y-short tandem repeats in the representative sample of the population of Canton Sarajevo residents, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Coll Antropol 34:545–550.
    [PubMed]
    ). The lowest number of detected alleles in Tuzla Canton population was found on DYS437, with only three alleles and a GD of 0.674, making this locus the least polymorphic one (Table 2). This is in line with the results of the study conducted by Kovacevic et al. (2013 Kovacevic L, Fatur-Ceric V, Hadzic N, Cakar J, Primorac D, Marjanovic D. 2013. Haplotype data for 23 Y-chromosome markers in a reference sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croat Med J 54:286–290.
    [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®]
    ), as their results also implied that DYS437 was the least polymorphic locus. The concordance with previously obtained results was the first indicator of the fact that the population of Tuzla Canton may be considered a representative population of B&H. Microvariant alleles were not detected in the investigated population, while two duplications on DYS389II locus (25,31 & 24,30) and one duplication on DYS19 locus (14,15) were found.
    When compared to the general population of B&H and other representative European populations, Tuzla Canton inhabitants were expectedly closer to those of B&H (Rst = 0.0022, p = 0.2739) and Croatia (Rst = 0.0104, p = 0.0497), than to Slovenian (Rst = 0.0730, p = 0.0000), Hungarian (Rst = 0.1073, p = 0.0000), Swiss (Rst = 0.1395, p = 0.0000), Czech (Rst = 0.1617, p = 0.0000) and Polish populations (Rst = 0.1711, p = 0.0000). The greatest genetic distance was detected when the population of Tuzla Canton was compared to Estonian (Rst = 0.3130, p = 0.0000), Spanish (Rst = 0.2854, p = 0.0000), Latvian (Rst = 0.2691, p = 0.0000), Belgian (Rst = 0.2607, p = 0.0000) and Southern England (Rst = 0.2619, p = 0.0000) populations (Table 3).
    The Rst values imply that no statistically significant differences were observed between the Tuzla Canton population on one side, and B&H and Croatian populations on the other. Similar results were obtained in a previous study done by Cenanovic et al. (2010 Cenanovic M, Pojskic N, Kovacevic L, Dzehverovic M, Cakar J, Musemic J, Marjanovic D. 2010. Diversity of Y-short tandem repeats in the representative sample of the population of Canton Sarajevo residents, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Coll Antropol 34:545–550.
    [PubMed]
    ), where there was no significant genetic distance observed between the general population of B&H and the population from Sarajevo Canton across 12 Y-STR loci.

    In order to perform a detailed investigation of the genetic relationship between the two Bosnian-Herzegovinian populations, in addition to other European populations, an MDS plot was generated based on pairwise Rst values (Figure 2). The results are in compliance with those presented in the genetic distance table (Table 3). According to the results obtained in this study, it can be once again confirmed that geographically closer populations are more similar to each other than to those that are geographically distant.

    Figure 2. Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) plot showing Y-STR-based relationship between Tuzla Canton inhabitants and European populations based on population pairwise Rst values. The population of Tuzla Canton is labelled as Bosnia and Herzegovina 1, while the general Bosnian-Herzegovinian population is labelled as Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.

    A rectangular neighbour-joining tree based on Rst values was constructed with the goal of examining the evolutionary relationship of Tuzla Canton population with other European populations (Figure 3). The results from the phylogenetic tree are in complete accordance with the results shown in the genetic distance table and the MDS plot, further implying that the population distribution pattern corresponds to geographic locations of the populations. According to the phylogenetic tree, the populations of B&H, Croatia and Slovenia constitute a single cluster, while the populations of Poland, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia make the second and Belgium, Spain and two English populations comprise the third cluster. Finally, a minor cluster of two Scandinavian countries, Sweden and Norway, can also be observed. This is the ultimate confirmation that there are no differences between the study populations and neighbouring populations from Slovenia and Croatia (Zupan et al., 2013 Zupan A, Vrabec K, Glavac D. 2013. The paternal perspective of the Slovenian population and its relationship with other populations. Ann Hum Biol 40:515–526.
    [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®]
    ) and that the population from Tuzla Canton could be considered a representative Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, since no statistically significant differences were detected between the two. Based on this, the inclusion of the present results into the YHRD reference database would contribute to the database with 100 new haplotypes typed over 23 Y-STR loci from the Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, which is currently rather scarce data from this population.

    Figure 3. Rectangular neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree showing relationships between Tuzla Canton population and other European populations based on a distance matrix of Rst. Bosnia-Herzegovina denotes the general B&H population, while Bosnia-Herzegovina* denotes the population of Tuzla Canton.
    A rectangular neighbour-joining tree based on Rst values was constructed with the goal of examining the evolutionary relationship of Tuzla Canton population with other European populations (Figure 3). The results from the phylogenetic tree are in complete accordance with the results shown in the genetic distance table and the MDS plot, further implying that the population distribution pattern corresponds to geographic locations of the populations. According to the phylogenetic tree, the populations of B&H, Croatia and Slovenia constitute a single cluster, while the populations of Poland, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia make the second and Belgium, Spain and two English populations comprise the third cluster. Finally, a minor cluster of two Scandinavian countries, Sweden and Norway, can also be observed. This is the ultimate confirmation that there are no differences between the study populations and neighbouring populations from Slovenia and Croatia (Zupan et al., 2013 Zupan A, Vrabec K, Glavac D. 2013. The paternal perspective of the Slovenian population and its relationship with other populations. Ann Hum Biol 40:515–526.
    [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®]
    ) and that the population from Tuzla Canton could be considered a representative Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, since no statistically significant differences were detected between the two. Based on this, the inclusion of the present results into the YHRD reference database would contribute to the database with 100 new haplotypes typed over 23 Y-STR loci from the Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, which is currently rather scarce data from this population.

    Figure 3. Rectangular neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree showing relationships between Tuzla Canton population and other European populations based on a distance matrix of Rst. Bosnia-Herzegovina denotes the general B&H population, while Bosnia-Herzegovina* denotes the population of Tuzla Canton.

    Conclusions

    After observing 100 unique haplotypes with 23 Y-STR loci, one can conclude that there is no significant genetic difference between the population from Tuzla Canton and the general Bosnian-Herzegovinian population. In other words, the population from Tuzla Canton could be considered a representative population of B&H. Genetic diversity that was observed in the study region can be related to the geographical micro-location of Tuzla Canton as the “crossroad” with neighbouring countries (Serbia and Croatia), as well as to the fact that it is the final destination for many inhabitants from the other parts of B&H, as Tuzla was, and still is, the leading industrial centre of the country. Therefore, the results obtained in this study could be used as an additional investigation of the genetic relationship between the regional populations in B&H and for the investigation of the genetic relationship with neighbouring human populations, as well as for further human population and forensic genetics studies, especially considering the fact that the present study is giving information on 23 Y-STR loci for only the second time in the literature for the Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, and for the first time for a specific region within this country.
    Acknowledgements
    The authors would like to thank all voluntary donors for providing DNA samples. Also, we express our gratitude to Mirela Džehverović for her help in laboratory work, as well as to our colleagues at the Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for their support.

    Disclosure statement

    The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
    Last edited by Tschaikisten; 12-07-2016 at 09:10 AM.
    Using 2 populations approximation:
    1 50% Croatian +50% Serbian @ 2.265001

    Quote Originally Posted by The Destroyer
    how come the age of I2a2 Din subclade exactly coincides with the age of Bosnian Pyramids?

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    According to Nevgen it's going to be like:

    I2a Dinaric South is going more than 40%, it's expected for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    Haplogroup R1a-M458 је 8%, It's relatively high percent. In one more research R1a have a high percent.
    Also there are five R1a L1280.
    N1a going to be like 4%.
    From 5% of R1b, 3 of them are ''eastern''.
    I1 is interesting. One have 50/50% matching with I1 P109, and I1 Z63.
    J2a is going to be 4%.
    J2b - 3%. 2. J2b2-M241, аnd 1. J2b1-M205.
    One G2a, G1 и Q.
    Last edited by Tschaikisten; 12-07-2016 at 09:12 AM.
    Using 2 populations approximation:
    1 50% Croatian +50% Serbian @ 2.265001

    Quote Originally Posted by The Destroyer
    how come the age of I2a2 Din subclade exactly coincides with the age of Bosnian Pyramids?

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    Quote Originally Posted by Europa Nazione View Post
    I1 is interesting. One have 50/50% matching with I1 P109, and I1 Z63.
    THEN HE IS Z63. EVEN I GET P109 WITH MY FIRST 20 OR SO MARKERS, THAT'S BECAUSE I-M253 ORIGINATED IN SCANDINAVIA WHETHER PPL LIKE THAT FACT OR NOT.

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    Final conclusion:
    I2a - 47%
    I2a DS - 41%
    I2a DN - 6%
    R1a - 23%
    R1a (Unspecified) - 10%
    М458 - 8%
    Z280 L1280 - 5%
    E1b - 7%
    E-V13 - 7%
    R1b - 5%
    I1 - 4%
    N1a - 4%
    J2a - 4%
    J2b - 3%
    М241 - 2%
    M205 - 1%
    G2a - 1%
    G1 - 1%
    Q - 1%
    Using 2 populations approximation:
    1 50% Croatian +50% Serbian @ 2.265001

    Quote Originally Posted by The Destroyer
    how come the age of I2a2 Din subclade exactly coincides with the age of Bosnian Pyramids?

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    Not sure how reliable the study is since it has known KOS agent and UDBA officer Damir Marjanović in it. This pretty much disqualifies anything.

    The results are expected, except abnormally high R1a, which is very symptomatic, since Marjanović is a known pro-Serb and pan-Slavist.

    As opposed to that, too low I2, in his speeches he hated on Illyrians, so this is normal too.

    Obviously a Serb study.
    Quote Originally Posted by Szegedist View Post
    There is no such thing as a moderate Serb. Every Serb is a supporter of the Chetnik ideology to some degree. Some Serbs like Davai are openly chetniks, while others like rv12aval are cryptochetniks who hide behind Bratsvo I Jedinstvo and other such concepts. Yugoslav partisans believer in the chetnik ideology, but could not display it openly because otherwise they couldn't recruit naive Croats and Bosniaks, which were necessary for victory. We shouldn't make a difference between a Serb and a chetnik, the two are exactly the same thing.

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    Also, I forgot to ask, did they take note which people are Bosniak and which Serb and Croat? Tuzla has around 30% non-Bosniaks so this is very important, the validity of the study depends on it. These people could literally be 30% Serb for all I know.
    Quote Originally Posted by Szegedist View Post
    There is no such thing as a moderate Serb. Every Serb is a supporter of the Chetnik ideology to some degree. Some Serbs like Davai are openly chetniks, while others like rv12aval are cryptochetniks who hide behind Bratsvo I Jedinstvo and other such concepts. Yugoslav partisans believer in the chetnik ideology, but could not display it openly because otherwise they couldn't recruit naive Croats and Bosniaks, which were necessary for victory. We shouldn't make a difference between a Serb and a chetnik, the two are exactly the same thing.

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    Quote Originally Posted by The Destroyer View Post
    Not sure how reliable the study is since it has known KOS agent and UDBA officer Damir Marjanović in it. This pretty much disqualifies anything.

    The results are expected, except abnormally high R1a, which is very symptomatic, since Marjanović is a known pro-Serb and pan-Slavist.

    As opposed to that, too low I2, in his speeches he hated on Illyrians, so this is normal too.
    Buhahaha, Serbian conspiracy against ancient Bosniak nation. How much I2a1b you expected in central/eastern Bosnia? 100%? Max % of I2a1b are in Dalmatia and Western Herzegovina - 65-70%.
    I2a1b is Slavic haplogrup which have 0 connection with Illyrians (E-V13, R1b 11-11, J2b1/2).

    Obviously a Serb study.

    PURE SERBS

    AFTER ALL YOUR REPLIES ON THIS FORUM, WE CAN AGREE THAT YOU ARE AN SICK PERSON
    Using 2 populations approximation:
    1 50% Croatian +50% Serbian @ 2.265001

    Quote Originally Posted by The Destroyer
    how come the age of I2a2 Din subclade exactly coincides with the age of Bosnian Pyramids?

  8. #8
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    Quote Originally Posted by Europa Nazione View Post
    Buhahaha, Serbian conspiracy against ancient Bosniak nation. How much I2a1b you expected in central/eastern Bosnia? 100%? Max % of I2a1b are in Dalmatia and Western Herzegovina - 65-70%.
    I2a1b is Slavic haplogrup which have 0 connection with Illyrians (E-V13, R1b 11-11, J2b1/2).



    PURE SERBS

    AFTER ALL YOUR REPLIES ON THIS FORUM, WE CAN AGREE THAT YOU ARE AN SICK PERSON
    Thats why I2 is sooooo prevalent in Russia, Ukraine and other slavic lands
    Hi everyone!

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    The Destroyer The Destroyer's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Europa Nazione View Post
    Buhahaha, Serbian conspiracy against ancient Bosniak nation. How much I2a1b you expected in central/eastern Bosnia? 100%? Max % of I2a1b are in Dalmatia and Western Herzegovina - 65-70%.
    I2a1b is Slavic haplogrup which have 0 connection with Illyrians (E-V13, R1b 11-11, J2b1/2).



    PURE SERBS

    AFTER ALL YOUR REPLIES ON THIS FORUM, WE CAN AGREE THAT YOU ARE AN SICK PERSON
    First of all, TK is Northern Bosnia, not Central or East. Second, I demand to know if people were differentiated by nationality or if Bosniaks, Serbs, Croats, Gypsies were all lumped into this same research? TK is not ethnically pure, it has ca. 10% non-Bosniaks,, enough to manipulate the results of this research. This question is of key importance.
    Quote Originally Posted by Szegedist View Post
    There is no such thing as a moderate Serb. Every Serb is a supporter of the Chetnik ideology to some degree. Some Serbs like Davai are openly chetniks, while others like rv12aval are cryptochetniks who hide behind Bratsvo I Jedinstvo and other such concepts. Yugoslav partisans believer in the chetnik ideology, but could not display it openly because otherwise they couldn't recruit naive Croats and Bosniaks, which were necessary for victory. We shouldn't make a difference between a Serb and a chetnik, the two are exactly the same thing.

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    Veteran Member Tschaikisten's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Hrulj View Post
    Thats why I2 is sooooo prevalent in Russia, Ukraine and other slavic lands
    What is % of I2a1b Dinaric subclade among Albanians and Greeks? Too low
    Unlike R1a, other Slavic populations have lower % of I2a1b, but it's not too low to be negligible.
    Also, I2a1b is not proto-slavic (It's UP European and that's the fact) like R1a is, but it was been part of ethnogenesis of Early Slavs.


    Quote Originally Posted by The Destroyer
    First of all, TK is Northern Bosnia, not Central or East. Second, I demand to know if people were differentiated by nationality or if Bosniaks, Serbs, Croats, Gypsies were all lumped into this same research? TK is not ethnically pure, it has ca. 10% non-Bosniaks,, enough to manipulate the results of this research. This question is of key importance.
    Okey, which % you expected in northern Bosnia? It's far away from Dalmatia and Herzegovina.
    There is no tested gypsies ( no non-european haplogroups except Q and G1 which probably arrived with Turks).
    So, what do you think, which haplogroups with lower/higher % can be from potentially tested Croats and Serbs?
    Using 2 populations approximation:
    1 50% Croatian +50% Serbian @ 2.265001

    Quote Originally Posted by The Destroyer
    how come the age of I2a2 Din subclade exactly coincides with the age of Bosnian Pyramids?

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