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The rapid expansion led by Genghis Khan and the subsequent Mongol empire (1206-1368CE: 1) is one of the most dramatic events in human history. One population believed to be at least partly descended from these Mongols, based on historical, linguistic and oral tradition, and unusual patterns of Y-chromosome male descent, are the Hazara from Pakistan (2, 3). In our analysis, which uses only autosomal genetic data, we independently infer this population to show the clearest signal of admixture in the entire dataset, with an admixture event occurring 22 (19-24) generations in the past, or 1306CE (1250-1390CE), between a source similar to the Iranians (55% contribution), and a source most closely similar among our sampled groups to present-day Mongolians (45%), confirming that both the date and origin of admixture link precisely to the Mongol empire. In fact we find that the Hazara are just one of seven populations (four among the top 20 clearest signals), including the Uyghur (4) and the Mongola themselves, who show an admixture event between a local source and a source closely genetically related to the Mongola, dating within the Mongol Period (Figure 2D). These populations were all sampled from within the range of the Mongol expansion and show a progressive westward decrease in Mongol ancestry. We however note that the slightly earlier date in the Turkish of 1250AD (1166-1362) is not inconsistent with other known Turkic pre-Genghis movements from East Asia, such as the Oghuz Turks (1).
Side 1 (Mongola-like)
Mongola (3.7%)
Oroqen (1.3%)
Hazara (0.6%)
Naxi (0.4%)
Yakut (0.4%)
Miao (0.3
Side 2 (Iranian-like)
Analysis: FullAnalysis
Number of individuals: 17
Conclusion: One date
Estimated date (95% CI): 1250CE (1166CE - 1362CE)
Estimated proportion: 0.08
View: mixing coefficients
http://admixturemap.paintmychromosomes.com/
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