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The difference is mainly internal.
In a basic lateral silhouette, European skulls typically have a pronounced 3-or-4 pulse facial relief. Other populations have less facial relief both in that simple aspect and, other not-so-simple aspects.
One of the regions of exaggerated relief on Caucasoid skulls is the nasomaxillary region. If you draw a straight line from the lower maxilla to the edge of the nasal bridge in a Caucasoid skull, you will usually notice that this line tends to be inclined horizontally. That's because the maxillary bone is resorbed inward/retreating in Caucasoids.
If you do the same thing in a Native American skull, it is less horizontally inclined. In East Asian skulls it is sometimes perfectly vertical. Native Americans are inbetween European and East Asian skulls in this regard. Some tend toward the typical European form, others have a morphology that is more commonly seen on East Asians.
Here is an example of Caucasoid skull.
Here is an example of Mongoloid skull.
To measure this in living people, a line is simply drawn straight down from the nasal bridge, and another line is simply drawn horizontally from the lower maxillary region. The horizontal line will be longer in subjects who have a more receeding naso-maxillary region.
With living people:
Native Americans:
European:
Obviously the lines I drew were imperfect because I don't have time to do this properly, but these photos demonstrate the glaring differenes in naso-maxillary relief between Europeans and Amerinds.
Note that even with the nasal bone sheared off, Europeans retain an equal or greater distance from the nasal bridge to the lower maxillary region. Even in Europeans who do not have prominent nasal bridges, this distance is great.
Basically the Caucasoid nose is a combination of a projecting nasal bridge and a retreating lower maxillary region. In Mongoloids the lower maxillary region is not retreating relative to nasal bridge.
Also, Litvin is correct in saying that Meds do not usually have hooked noses. Hooked noses are more common in Northern Europeans than Southern Europeans (the southern Europeans with hooked noses are far outnumbered by Northerners). However due to rampant Negroid admixture, Mediterranean skulls do have less facial relief than Dinaric and Nordic skulls.
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Originally Posted by Litvin
Latin America
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