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Thread: Pub smoking ban: 10 charts that show the impact

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    Default Pub smoking ban: 10 charts that show the impact

    Pub smoking ban: 10 charts that show the impact



    Nick Triggle
    Health Correspondant

    1st July, 2017



    It's 10 years since smoking was banned in enclosed workplaces in England, following similar moves in the rest of the UK. But how has the "pub smoking ban" changed the country?

    Do you remember the time when pubs were full of smoke? When you could light up after a meal at a restaurant? Or when smokers didn't have to congregate on the street outside offices?

    The law, which marked a fundamental shift in attitudes towards smoking, is now 10 years old.

    It banned smoking in all enclosed public places and work places when it came into force in England on 1 July 2007. Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales had already taken the plunge over the previous 18 months.

    Its backers justified it on the basis that smokers were putting others at risk by exposing them to second-hand smoke. But opponents suggested the risks from passive smoking did not justify the attack on smoking.

    1. The country fell into line

    At the time the move was controversial. The health lobby fought for decades to get it introduced and right up until the last minute ministers considered all sorts of exceptions - retaining smoking rooms or allowing certain premises to be exempt.

    But once introduced, the country soon fell into line. Councils were charged with policing it. In the first 18 months officers inspected nearly 600,000 premises. Few broke the rules.



    Public backing grew and grew - and remains strong today. A poll of more than 4,000 adults by YouGov released for the 10th anniversary found nearly three-quarters of people would oppose the ban being overturned, with just 12% wanting to get rid of it.

    But other polling does show opinion is pretty split on whether the complete ban could be modified - such as by the introduction of designated smoking rooms in pubs and clubs.

    2. Have pubs taken a hit?

    The number of pubs in the UK has been falling. Between 2007 and 2015, the UK lost nearly 7,000 pubs.

    Some publicans and other critics say the smoking ban played a large part in this. Simon Clark, of the smokers' rights lobby group Forest, says the impact has been "devastating".

    Pubs are closing

    Figures for Great Britain



    But there are other factors too. There has been a massive decline in the amount of beer people drink.

    The British Beer and Pub Association cites the rise in the tax applied to drinks - and beer in particular. The beer duty escalator meant that between 2008 and 2013 the duty increased by 42% and this has come at a time when supermarkets have tried to entice shoppers in with discounts on booze.

    At the same time as the smoking ban came in, the economic crash was about to start. It had a massive impact on incomes in the UK. Average real-terms pay is still below where it was 10 years ago.


    Central London's infamous Intrepid Fox pub (a previously very popular haunt in Soho for rock and metal music lovers) closed in 2008 and is now a restaurant

    With all these factors happening at the same time, BBPA spokesman Neil Williams says it is "pretty impossible" to unpick exactly what the individual impact of the ban has been.

    And of course, many pubs have thrived since the smoking ban, changing to focus more on high-quality food and trying to attract families - including those with young children - who would previously have avoided smoky atmospheres.

    "Pubs have had to adapt. We've seen those that can invest in food and they've made a very good job of it.

    "But some pubs - the traditional street-corner boozer - simply haven't had the space to do that. They are the ones that have suffered."

    And there's a wider picture. People in the UK seem to be drinking less.

    The Office for National Statistics says that between 2005 and 2016, the number of people saying they had had anything to drink in the previous week fell from 64% to 57%. The numbers drinking on five days or more a week nearly halved over that time.

    3. There are fewer smokers

    Smoking rates are falling. Today fewer than 17% of people smoke. But as the graph below shows the downward trend goes back decades - and there was actually a slowing of the rate of decline immediately after the ban.



    Most experts agree that is understandable. As the numbers fall, what you are left with is a more hardcore group of smokers whom it is hard to persuade to give up.

    But how much of the fall is down to the ban - and how much is down to other factors?

    4. The young have been turned off smoking

    There are fewer young people taking up smoking. The numbers have halved since the introduction of the ban.

    Smoking in young people

    Age 11-16, England



    But again it is difficult to work out quite how much of that is down to the 2007 legislation.

    When you look at drinking rates, drug use or teenage pregnancy numbers, they tell a similar story.

    There is a clear pattern - the young have changed the way they behave.

    This consistent trend has not yet been properly explained. One of the few convincing theories centres on social media - the idea is that young people spend so much of their time online that it has replaced other vices.

    5. Attitudes of smokers have changed

    The ban also encouraged some existing smokers to give up. Following its introduction there was a 23% increase in quit attempts made via NHS stop-smoking services.

    Research suggests the ban was particularly effective at raising awareness about the risks of second-hand smoke - people were motivated to protect those they smoked around, as well as looking after their own health.

    The YouGov poll also provides some evidence. It found 14% of ex-smokers had been influenced in their decision to quit by the ban, while 20% of current smokers say they smoke less because of it.



    But you can't ignore the influence of e-cigarettes either. Vaping has offered a healthier, more socially acceptable alternative to smoking.



    Momentum was just gathering in 2007, but figures from the Office for National Statistics show that today one in 20 people over 16 regularly uses e-cigarettes - a quarter of them are smokers or ex-smokers.

    But not every measure shows such positive results.

    6. Fewer women smoke during pregnancy

    England still has a relatively large number of women who smoke during pregnancy - one in 10 at last count , although the figures are admittedly falling.

    Smoking in pregnancy

    Status at time of delivery



    Policymakers have been so worried about these numbers that they have tried offering financial incentives, such as shopping vouchers, to pregnant women who quit.

    7. The rich and poor divide

    There also remains a large discrepancy in the income levels between who smokes and who doesn't. Those with the lowest incomes are twice as likely to smoke as people who come from the highest income groups - a gap that refuses to budge even as smoking rates fall.



    Tackling this discrepancy has been a major focus of health campaigners in recent years.

    Smoking rates are a significant factor in the differences in life expectancy and health outcomes.

    8. Bar workers became healthier

    Talking of health, how has the ban affected the rates of illness and disease? In the years after the ban there was a flurry of research looking at what impact it had had.

    The Department of Health commissioned an evidence review that was published in 2011.

    It highlighted a fall in respiratory illness reported by bar workers immediately after the ban.

    Proportion of bar workers reporting respiratory illness

    Study of 178 bar workers from 46 bars across three urban and two rural geographic areas in England.



    The review also flagged up research that showed hospital admissions for heart attacks fell by 2.4% immediately following the change in the law. That was the equivalent of 1,200 heart attacks a year.

    Cancer Research UK chief executive Sir Harpal Kumar believes the impact on health will continue to be "huge" and that the ban should be viewed as one of the most important public health measures of recent history.

    9. It will take time to assess the health benefit

    But truly assessing the impact on health will take some time. Overall hospital admissions and deaths attributable to smoking have been falling in recent years, but only slowly.

    The fact remains that it takes some time for the impact of lower smoking rates to influence health outcomes.

    Take lung cancer, for example. About 85% of cases are caused by smoking. But if you look at the number of cases being diagnosed, the figures for men and women were going in the opposite direction until 2012.



    The rising rates in women seen after 2007 are not, of course, because the ban had opposite effects on men and women. Instead it is to do with what was happening half a century ago, because of the long lag between smoking and cancer developing.

    It was not until the mid 1960s that the numbers of women smoking eventually peaked. For men that happened at the end of World War Two, hence lung cancer cases have been falling for over 20 years in men.


    Smoking peaked among women in the mid-1960s

    10. Getting tough on smoking

    But one thing we can see clearly 10 years on is how the global appetite for anti-smoking legislation has grown. While the UK took its time in introducing the ban, since then ministers have proved to be more decisive.

    When the legislation was introduced, England was following the herd. The Republic of Ireland was the first country to introduce a complete ban in 2004. A host of other countries from the US and Canada to Australia had taken their own steps too by 2007.

    But others have quickly followed suit and now smoking bans - whether full or partial - are commonplace as this chart (which is by no means exhaustive) shows.

    Over the past decade there has been a flurry of new legislation - and the UK has often been at the forefront.



    The age at which people can buy tobacco products has been raised from 16 to 18 and they are no longer stocked in vending machines.

    Bans of tobacco displays in shops have also been introduced, while cigarettes now have to be sold in standardised packages and smoking is not allowed in cars carrying children.

    Locally, a number of town halls have also sought to take their own steps, with some looking at bans in parks, squares and outside areas used by restaurants and pubs. The ban, it seems, has opened the floodgates.



    http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-40444460
    Last edited by ♥ Lily ♥; 07-24-2017 at 03:31 PM.
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    Smoking Rate By Country:

    Ranking Country/Territory Number of cigarettes per person aged ≥ 15 per year

    1 China 4124.53
    2 Belarus 3831.62
    3 Lebanon 3023.15
    4 Macedonia 2732.23
    5 Russia 2690.33
    6 Slovenia 2637.03
    7 Belgium 2353.28
    8 Luxembourg 2283.55
    9 Montenegro 2249.79
    10 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2233.46
    11 Czech Republic 2194.01
    12 Kazakhstan 2156.59
    13 Azerbaijan 2114.33
    14 Greece 2086.09
    15 South Korea 2072.57
    16 Austria 1987.52
    17 Jordan 1855.05
    18 Ukraine 1853.66
    19 Hungary 1774.6
    20 Estonia 1758.63
    21 Japan 1713
    22 Croatia 1709.3
    23 Serbia 1687.56
    24 Cyprus 1643.67
    25 Switzerland 1633.86
    26 Tunisia 1628.46
    27 Romania 1619.82
    28 Slovakia 1617.59
    29 Turkey 1580.91
    30 Armenia 1545.13
    31 Kuwait 1517.26
    32 Bulgaria 1504.72
    33 Germany 1480.04
    34 Italy 1442.87
    35 Poland 1396.06
    36 Netherlands 1395.97
    37 Saudi Arabia 1395.14
    38 Cuba 1391.98
    39 Georgia 1378.45
    40 Denmark 1378.23
    41 Argentina 1359.4
    42 Israel 1346.21
    43 Libya 1332.77
    44 Indonesia 1322.3
    45 Philippines 1291.08
    46 Malta 1266.14
    47 Spain 1264.74
    48 Vietnam 1226.92
    49 Egypt 1215.3
    50 Iraq 1187.65
    51 Albania 1177.42
    52 Canada 1154.25
    53 Uruguay 1135.16
    54 Lithuania 1123.86
    55 Portugal 1114.11
    56 Moldova 1112.8
    57 United States 1083.41
    58 Finland 1082.87
    59 Algeria 1041.18
    60 Latvia 1024.09
    61 France 1022.88
    62 Brunei 992.81
    63 Bahrain 968.68
    64 Australia 957.2
    65 Mongolia 955.72
    66 Ireland 953.66
    67 Chile 929.55
    68 Thailand 925
    69 Turkmenistan 895.24
    70 Sweden 868.89
    71 Iran 835.51
    72 Laos 831
    73 Namibia 827.48
    74 United Kingdom 826.13
    75 Papua New Guinea 740.25
    76 United Arab Emirates 715.01
    77 Qatar 697.73
    78 Kyrgyzstan 682.83
    79 Morocco 679.95
    80 New Zealand 671.12
    81 Singapore 664.98
    82 Bangladesh 651.63
    83 Equatorial Guinea 649
    84 Cambodia 644.99
    85 Fiji 617.69
    86 Jamaica 609.67
    87 North Korea 592.95
    88 Seychelles 589.66
    89 Malaysia 583.67
    90 Oman 576.55
    91 Venezuela 572.84
    92 Uzbekistan 565.39
    93 Gabon 559.05
    94 Norway 556.04
    95 Iceland 551.36
    96 South Africa 537.03
    97 Tajikistan 533.04
    98 Cape Verde 514.86
    99 Pakistan 510.59
    100 Brazil 503.9
    101 Senegal 491.78
    102 Honduras 489.01
    103 Angola 488.8
    104 Nicaragua 487.84
    105 Ivory Coast 477.01
    106 Djibouti 475.89
    107 Syria 458.63
    108 Botswana 448.81
    109 Costa Rica 432.33
    110 Sudan 427.75
    111 Swaziland 427.08
    112 Belize 400.1
    113 South Sudan 398.48
    114 Yemen 388.23
    115 Antigua and Barbuda 361.63
    116 Colombia 359.39
    117 Hong Kong 345.32
    118 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 338.29
    119 Barbados 333.09
    120 Mexico 329.26
    121 Sri Lanka 322.44
    122 Sierra Leone 309.58
    123 Bahamas 301.22
    124 Bolivia 299.49
    125 Congo 293.84
    126 Comoros 289.42
    127 El Salvador 280.35
    128 Mauritius 261.4
    129 Kenya 256.57
    130 Togo 249.85
    131 Dominican Republic 245.36
    132 Mali 236.09
    133 Saint Lucia 231.55
    134 Grenada 224.33
    135 Panama 224.27
    136 Maldives 215.42
    137 Burkina Faso 213.2
    138 Madagascar 205.82
    139 Myanmar 205.55
    140 Ecuador 190.98
    141 Guatemala 189.5
    142 Cameroon 184.17
    143 Central African Republic 177.76
    144 Guinea-Bissau 174.84
    145 Nigeria 172.68
    146 Paraguay 166
    147 Gambia 165.93
    148 Zambia 164.55
    149 Chad 156.31
    150 Bhutan 155.09
    151 Mauritania 134.92
    152 Zimbabwe 133.53
    153 Benin 122.1
    154 Ghana 120.85
    155 Somalia 116.66
    156 Peru 116.33
    157 Haiti 113.93
    158 Eritrea 113.58
    159 India 110.93
    160 Săo Tomé and Príncipe 110.65
    161 Niger 105.36
    162 Liberia 104.36
    163 Tanzania 101.12
    164 Burundi 97.73
    165 Trinidad and Tobago 97.03
    166 Lesotho 87.69
    167 Afghanistan 83.81
    168 Nepal 83
    169 Mozambique 81.71
    170 Tonga 81.07
    171 Malawi 80.02
    172 Suriname 79.24
    173 Guyana 76.58
    174 Vanuatu 76.2
    175 Ethiopia 75.8
    176 Democratic Republic of the Congo 74.39
    177 Samoa 54.21
    178 Rwanda 53.24
    179 Uganda 41.08
    180 Kiribati 28.03
    181 Solomon Islands 26.42
    182 Guinea 14.96

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_o...ion_per_capita
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    Smoking is not fashionable nor classy anymore. It's all about living healthy, eating quality foods and being fit, when it comes to basic habits.

    - Mongol Pride Worldwide -
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    Instead of focusing about the damaging effects on your lungs, I'd worry about the effects of tobacco smoke on British teeth first and foremost.

    Do you have dental care @ Lily?

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    Quote Originally Posted by Fractal View Post
    Instead of focusing about the damaging effects on your lungs, I'd worry about the effects of tobacco smoke on British teeth first and foremost.

    Do you have dental care @ Lily?

    You know one of the funniest things about smoking bans is it saved airlines a shit load of money in recycling air.

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    Quote Originally Posted by ♥ Lily ♥ View Post

    Vaping was the only way I was able to stop smoking for years after smoking for like 15 years.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Fractal View Post
    Instead of focusing about the damaging effects on your lungs, I'd worry about the effects of tobacco smoke on British teeth first and foremost.

    Do you have dental care @ Lily?
    Everyone in the UK has dental care.... whether they have free dental care on the NHS, or pay for their dental care privately.

    I've only had one filling in my life and my female Oriental-English dentist said to me that my teeth are good. She always has classical music playing inside her dental surgery and crystals in the room... it's very relaxing.

    I use an Oral B electric toothbrush and Oral B electric flosser and I use mouthwash twice daily like my mum. I was breastfed as a baby and I had a calcium-rich diet as a child and have no allergies to milk. A calcium-rich diet is good for the teeth and bone health. My mum considered being a tooth model when she was younger as her teeth are naturally white and straight (not artificial or bleached teeth like the plastic people in your nation.) My grandparents also had good strong natural teeth all their lives.

    I'd worry about the people in nations who smoke and drink caffeine a lot as that will stain and rot their teeth and make their breath smell.... and worry about the amount of pepsi you consume which causes cavities.

    How many fillings do you have 'Fractal' (fractured one?) Are you also natural or have you had cosmetic treatments and bleaching? You should worry more about India's lack of free dental care (any nation without free healthcare available is third world!)

    https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=in...w=1255&bih=658
    Last edited by ♥ Lily ♥; 07-24-2017 at 02:49 PM.
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    Quote Originally Posted by BeerBaron View Post
    Vaping was the only way I was able to stop smoking for years after smoking for like 15 years.
    We have free Stop Smoking clinics in the UK in GP surgeries, and there's also free advice and support in Boots pharmacies. NRT patches and inhalators can also be prescribed free on the NHS, and they're considering prescribing people with free vaping devices too.
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    Quote Originally Posted by BeerBaron View Post
    You know one of the funniest things about smoking bans is it saved airlines a shit load of money in recycling air.
    People quitting smoking (or using alternative devices such as patches and inhalators) has also saved businesses money, so their employees don't keep going outside every 30 mins during work hours for cigarette breaks.

    Pubs are closing (over 7000 have now closed) but I think it's good that the number of alcohol drinkers in the UK is reducing too.
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