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The did up until the Crusaders. That's not an exaggeration. Byzantiun was the uncontested superpower of the known world until then. Note that most inventions in the west begin after the fall of Byzantines. (including the discovery of America)
When most of Europe was living in squalor the Byzantine Empire was at its cultural height. Literacy was very high, the rest of Europe was only able to reach that rate of literacy around the 18th century.
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Byzantium is 16th century term.
Roman Empire was always called Roman Empire, it was just divided into administrative regions.
There were 4 x Roman Empires during the Emperor Diocletian.
Modern day Bosnia, Serbia, Macedonia, Epirus and Thessaly were one of four and ruled by one of four co-Emperors.
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Specify what period you are talking about.
At first many nations were part of the Empire, which at its heart was Greek and a continuation of the Empire of Alexander. But gradually it became the medieval state of Greece. If the Eastern Roman Empire was truly as multiethnic or multicultural as you state, then Symeon should have become emperor.
The Byzantine Empire was not a multicultural civilization in fact it was a Greek empire with Greco-Roman institutions (including the ethno-religious Greek institution known as the Greek Orthodox Church).
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Again it's important to specify the period you are talking about. Yes the Roman Empire was called Roman but it was a Greco-Roman Empire and included the Eastern part of the Empire which was the empire created by Alexander the Great and Philip II, and it was its Greek culture which kept it together. Those lands had Greek populations since Mycenaean and Minoan times, including Asia-Minor, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Who do you think Sarapis was and why do you thing the Egyptians worshiped him as one of their Gods and kings.
The Eastern Roman empire was always considered to be a Greek empire. Its people, language, culture and religion was always Greek. Even the primary language of the Roman empire, the lingua franka was Greek, and the eastern part of it split from the west along ethnic Greek lines long before Constantine.
The old Roman empire split because the Pope represented the Italians and the Ecumenical Patriarch represented the Greeks and neither wanted the other ruling over them. Thus the east went to the Greeks since the Greeks had ruled the east for 1000 years and the west went to the Italians. The Agia Sofia for example, the biggest dome in the world at the time, was a Greek Orthodox Cathedral not Roman.
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