I very often get Orcadian as my no 1 pop on Gedmatch or 2nd which I understand now after the Irish DNA Atlas was released.
Our fine structure results agrees well with previous analyses of the PoBI dataset21, but adds a large sample of Irish so as to better understand the population structure of the region. The clustering and order of the dendrogram is largely the same, with the exception of Scotland and Ireland.
We observe that the majority of our Irish individuals are found on one, ‘Gaelic’ Irish branch, which is grouped with the Orcadian branch. This grouping is likely due to the similar (but separate) genetic distances from Ireland and Orkney to the rest of the British populations, which fineStructure’s tree building algorithm interprets by branching together. Both Ireland and Orkney share elevated levels of Norwegian-related ancestry, which could provide an alternative explanation for this grouping. However our PCA suggests no large scale gene flow between the two populations. As well as observing groups in Ireland with links to Scotland, we observe the W Scotland I cluster to be closer to Ireland in our PCA than the other Scottish clusters, suggesting another link between south/west Scotland with north Ireland. Indeed this is the part of Scotland which has historically spoken Scots Gaelic. The PoBI dataset’s restricted Scottish coverage, which is largely northern Aberdeenshire and the south of Scotland, means we can only describe Scotland with regards to those regions. It would be interesting, therefore, to expand the Scottish sample further to investigate genetic links between Ireland and the rest of Scotland, particularly the Hebrides.
This is PDNAL K13 for example.
Admix Results (sorted):
# Population Percent
1 NE_Europe 49.5
2 SW_Europe 35.18
3 West_Asia 9.36
4 Americas 1.73
5 SW_Asia 1.36
6 Siberia 1.36
7 South_Asia 0.7
8 Oceania 0.45
9 East_Africa 0.37
Single Population Sharing:
# Population (source) Distance
1 Irish 2.61
2 Orcadian 2.67
3 Scottish 2.84
4 Utahn_European 3.11
5 English 3.31
6 German_North 4.86
7 German_South 5.38
8 Belgian 5.88
9 Hungarian 6.2
10 Norwegian 6.22
11 Slovene 6.45
12 Slovak 6.46
13 Ukrainian 8.02
14 Croatian 8.27
15 Swedish 8.37
16 French 9.5
17 Moldavian 10.4
18 Bosnian 10.68
19 Belarusian 12.15
20 Serbian 13.42
Mixed Mode Population Sharing:
# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 97.4% Irish + 2.6% Eskimo @ 1.35
2 92.9% Orcadian + 7.1% Aluet @ 1.43
3 97.7% Irish + 2.3% Chukchi @ 1.53
4 97.5% Orcadian + 2.5% Eskimo @ 1.54
5 92.7% Scottish + 7.3% Aluet @ 1.64
6 97.7% Irish + 2.3% Koryak @ 1.66
7 97.7% Orcadian + 2.3% Chukchi @ 1.69
8 93.7% Irish + 6.3% Aluet @ 1.69
9 97.8% Orcadian + 2.2% Koryak @ 1.79
10 97% Orcadian + 3% Selkup @ 1.8
11 97.2% Irish + 2.8% Selkup @ 1.81
12 98.5% Irish + 1.5% Pima @ 1.86
13 97.8% Irish + 2.2% Dolgan @ 1.86
14 96.9% Irish + 3.1% Mexican @ 1.87
15 98.5% Irish + 1.5% Mayan @ 1.88
16 98.3% Irish + 1.7% Nganasan @ 1.89
17 98.5% Irish + 1.5% Colombian @ 1.89
18 98.5% Irish + 1.5% Karitiana @ 1.89
19 98.5% Irish + 1.5% Surui @ 1.89
20 98% Irish + 2% Yakut @ 1.89
Dodecad V3 (although I fid Dodecad calcs odd). There is too much separation between pops that should be close together.
Admix Results (sorted):
# Population Percent
1 West_European 55.75
2 Mediterranean 22.7
3 East_European 12.84
4 West_Asian 7.79
5 Southwest_Asian 0.44
6 Northeast_Asian 0.33
7 South_Asian 0.15
Single Population Sharing:
# Population (source) Distance
1 Argyll (1000 Genomes) 1.47
2 Orkney (1000 Genomes) 2.56
3 Orcadian (HGDP) 2.63
4 N._European (Xing) 2.92
5 CEU (HapMap) 3.59
6 German (Dodecad) 4.88
7 Mixed_Germanic (Dodecad) 7.83
8 Dutch (Dodecad) 9.17
9 Kent (1000 Genomes) 11.04
10 British_Isles (Dodecad) 12.39
11 British (Dodecad) 12.81
12 Swedish (Dodecad) 12.81
13 French (HGDP) 13.51
14 Cornwall (1000 Genomes) 13.51
15 French (Dodecad) 13.82
16 Norwegian (Dodecad) 14.12
17 Irish (Dodecad) 15.06
18 Slovenian (Xing) 16.83
19 Hungarians (Behar) 20.99
20 FIN (1000Genomes) 22.14
Mixed Mode Population Sharing:
# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 96.2% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 3.8% Finnish (Dodecad) @ 0.78
2 94.7% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 5.3% FIN (1000Genomes) @ 0.78
3 97.9% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 2.1% Lithuanian (Dodecad) @ 0.94
4 97.8% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 2.2% Lithuanians (Behar) @ 0.94
5 81.3% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 18.7% German (Dodecad) @ 0.98
6 97.6% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 2.4% Russian (HGDP) @ 1.03
7 97.9% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 2.1% Belorussian (Behar) @ 1.09
8 97.3% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 2.7% Polish (Dodecad) @ 1.1
9 97.4% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 2.6% Mixed_Slav (Dodecad) @ 1.12
10 62% German (Dodecad) + 38% Mixed_Germanic (Dodecad) @ 1.17
11 98.4% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 1.6% Chuvashs_16 (Behar) @ 1.24
12 94.3% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 5.7% Swedish (Dodecad) @ 1.25
13 79.7% Dutch (Dodecad) + 20.3% Mixed_Slav (Dodecad) @ 1.26
14 69.9% German (Dodecad) + 30.1% Kent (1000 Genomes) @ 1.26
15 58.3% Irish (Dodecad) + 41.7% Hungarians (Behar) @ 1.26
16 93.2% Orcadian (HGDP) + 6.8% Finnish (Dodecad) @ 1.27
17 65.8% German (Dodecad) + 34.2% Dutch (Dodecad) @ 1.29
18 93.5% Orkney (1000 Genomes) + 6.5% Finnish (Dodecad) @ 1.35
19 79.4% Dutch (Dodecad) + 20.6% Polish (Dodecad) @ 1.36
20 97.6% Argyll (1000 Genomes) + 2.4% Hungarians (Behar) @ 1.38
Bookmarks