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After the Ayyubid sultanate and its army ruling over Egypt and parts of the Levant failed against the invading French king Louis IX's forces in the cities of the Nile delta (Damietta etc), the Turkic slave soldiers (Kipchak, Khwarezmian Oghuz) succeeded in defeating the French forces. Later these slave soldiers killed the Sultan of Egypt in the same year of 1250 and founded their state in Egypt.
For the next 150 years, Egypt was referred to as 'the state of Turks, or simply 'Turkey, in Arabic world.
The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1
by Linda Northrup
p.250
There were Mamluks of other origins around 1250 too (Circassian, Georgian etc) however the caste was dominated by Turkic Mamluks. During that period, though the commoners spoke Arabic, Greek, Nubian, Armenian etc. in the streets of Egypt, Turkic was spoken in the palaces, military garrisons etc.
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