Pontian group populations
Pontian (Black Sea = = srednekubansky) Bunak 1932 = adyghe Abdushelishvili
Origin
Pontus anthropological type was first isolated Bunakov (Bunak, 1932) in the population of the North Caucasus. Bunak described this type as a special option in the Mediterranean branch of the Caucasoid race, and suggested that the Circassian peoples are fragments of an ancient population in the North Caucasus.
Bunak (1953)
... most likely hypothesis, which describes sogasno element represents one of the branches of an ancient group of tribes of Asia Minor, which spread along the Black Sea coast and penetrated to the North Caucasus in the Neolithic (Pontic type).
Bunak (1965)
Isolated by us in previous works Pontic type as a special kind of Mediterranean-type range of basic anthropological section of the population of the Western Caucasus, and the more southern areas (V. Bunak, 1946, 1956). Similar forms are installed and the Western Balkans in the Neolithic (O. Necrasov, 1959).
Alekseev (1974)
Pontian population groups represented in the Abkhaz-Adyghe peoples, emerged in the Mediterranean branch of the Caucasoid race without the participation of the northern branch of the impurity. The basic process of its formation - a massive gratsializatsiya protomorphic kavkasionsky type. Saving features protomrfnogo type in a mountainous isolation explains the difference between the Pontic type of kavkasionsky in the degree of massiveness.
As for the Pontic type, then it may be, is a systematic one less volume and lower taxonomic level than kavkasionsky.
Abdushelishvili (1964)
Repeat, broad elements paleoanthropological materials has not, but all known to date paleoanthropological series from the Caucasus are characterized by a narrow face, and in general one (or at least similar) anthropological type (Mediterranean). Moreover, by using modern crania series Adzharians, the Abkhazians and Circassians (Shapsughs) The vast majority of paleoanthropological series Caucasus, as noted above, is quite closely linked with the Mediterranean race, and more than likely with the type of Pontus Mediterranean race. Thus, we see no need to explain the origin of the Pontic options through the restructuring of any anthropological types (especially those, which in the actual material does not).
Abdushelishvili (2003)
However, we do not agree with that part of the hypothesis VP Alekseeva, which states that the type of Pontiac is the result of gracilization ancient, massive options presented in kavkasionsky type. In our opinion, the establishment of the Pontian (in this case Adyghe) type is the result of the development of local thin-faced and long-headed paleoanthropological types, whose roots can be traced quite clearly in the ancient crania series with the Caucasus.
Facts to consider when discussing hypotheses Alexeev and Abdushelishvili
Gerasimov, Tikhonov (2003)
Since the North-West Caucasus in the most powerful and widely represented dolihokranny thin-faced version, VP Alekseev in its time (1963) suggested a significant contribution Alan component in addition Adyghe peoples of the Western Caucasus. However, he considered it paradoxical. With the advent of new materials, this conclusion does not seem so. Along with the archaeological evidence we have and paleoanthropological evidence of integration processes in the North Caucasus, which took place here under the sign of Alan dominant.
Ethnic Groups
Adygeys (abazdehi, chemgui, bzhedugi and Shapsugs Kuban), Circassian (besleneevtsy and Zelenchukskie) Kabardian, Abazins, some Ingush, kryztsskie, urumskie and Georgian territorial groups
Characteristics (at Abdushelishvili, 1964, 2003)
* Mezokefalnaya head shape
* Average longitudinal diameter of the head
* Average length of the body
* Average (or slightly above) physiognomic height of the face
* Small width of the forehead
* Weak development of the beard (in the Caucasus scale)
* The small diameter of the zygomatic
* Big thick lips
* Horizontal position of the tip of the nose
* Small width of the palpebral fissure (the Caucasus scale)
* A high percentage of availability of the folds of the upper eyelid
* Moderately light hair color (in the Caucasus scale)
* Low percentage of dark eyes (higher than average percentage of light eyes)
* Direct cartilaginous profile and slabovystupayuschy bone profile of the nose
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