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US President Woodrow Wilson rescues Bulgaria from destruction. The Venizelos plan, which offered our country to be shared between Greece, Serbia and Romania, collapses!
One day before the difficult Treaty of Neuilly for Bulgaria, it is time to remember a person who has helped Bulgaria survive as a state.
The First World War is the greatest military horror experienced by mankind at that time. Nearly all participants took the weapon because of their imperial ambitions - to conquer more. Almost, because Bulgaria enters the war for the sole purpose of releasing its enslaved brothers who still suffer from alien/foreign assimilation power.
This humane reason is the explanation for the unprecedented enthusiasm that gathers 800 000 soldiers under Bulgarian flags. It is the explanation for the glorious military victories on all fronts. Unfortunately for Bulgaria, victory is not for the fair cause, but for the enemies. Our native country is in the extremely absurd situation of losing the war, even though it has won all the battles.
And, as usual, the winners begin to divide the booty, motivated not by justice, but by desire to seize more. As always, the conquerors are condemned to drink from the bitter cup of humiliation, to seize the malice and to prepare for revenge. But this war is also marked by something different and positive. US President Woodrow Wilson. He is a convinced pacifist, and as such before the end of the war, he calls for it to end in such a way that the victors do not drink the blood of the defeated. His appeals spark hopes for those who lost the war and the boredom of the victors.
Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos, a chauvinist and a Bulgarophobe, whose divisions were slaughtered by the Bulgarian army at Doiran, as the prime minister of the winning party, has a plan for his state to take a decisive step towards the dreamed recovery of Byzantium under Greek scepter. He suggests Bulgaria be destroyed as a country and its territory shared among the winners: Greece, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (the future Yugoslavia) and Romania.
French Prime Minister Clemenceau, as the winner of the Orchestra of Winners, accepts this plan and offers it for approval. Resistance was not expected by anyone because each of the defeated countries had too much care for their own survival, and throughout their history, humanity has shown that the winners do not care what will happen to the defeated. This plan was expected to be approved by both the United States and President Wilson.
This time, however, is a bit different. The American delegation, led by the President, clearly does not accept Vanyselos' plan and the idea of a country disappearing from the face of the earth. Wilson offers a program for a just and lasting peace in Europe, also known as the "14 points". On Venizelos' suggestion, Wilson states:
"I will leave the conference and Paris rather than agree to the sharing of a nation with an independent state and a past."
So Plan Venizelos collapses. The honesty of the US declaration is slap in the face of our greedy neighbors and their ally the French prime minister. So Wilson actually saved Bulgaria's existence as a state.
Today, the name of this president speaks very little to many people. And the information about it is scarce and largely untrue, as many authors try to attribute it to an ayutuman, imperial philosophy. Woodrow Wilson, however, is a pacifist who has done a great deal for Bulgaria and his name must not be forgotten by the fog of oblivion.
[2nd Balkan War]
During the First Balkan War, while the Bulgarians contended with the major portion of the Ottoman army in Thrace, the Serbs had occupied most of Macedonia. Austrian prohibitions prevented the Serbs from gaining the Adriatic port in northern Albania that they desired. The Serbs then sought to strengthen their hold on Macedonia as compensation for the loss of the Albanian coast. The Greeks had never agreed to any settlement over Macedonia, and also indicated that they would retain the Macedonian areas they had occupied. The Bulgarians remained determined to obtain this area. Hostilities among the allies over the Macedonian question escalated throughout the spring of 1913 from exchanges of notes to actual shooting. Russian attempts at mediation between Bulgaria and Serbia were feeble and fruitless.
On the night of 29-30 June 1913, Bulgarian soldiers began local attacks against Greek and Serbian positions in Macedonia. These attacks became the signal for the outbreak of general war. Greek and Serbs counterattacks pushed the Bulgarians back to their pre-war frontiers. Just as the Bulgarian army began to stabilize the situation, Romanian and Ottoman(Turkish) units invaded Bulgaria. The Romanians sought to obtain southern Dobruja to broaden their Black Sea coast and to balance Bulgarian gains elsewhere in the Balkans. The Ottomans wished to regain Adrianople (Odrin). The Bulgarian army, already heavily engaged against the Greeks and Serbs, was unable to resist the Romanians and Ottomans. Under these circumstances, Bulgaria sued for peace. By the resulting Treaty of Bucharest, signed on 10 August, Bulgaria lost most of Macedonia for Greece and Serbia, and southern Dobruja to Romania. The Treaty of Constantinople, signed on 10 September 1913, ended Bulgaria's brief occupation of Adrianople.
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