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Thread: The Irish DNA Atlas: Revealing Fine-Scale Population Structure and History within Ireland

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    Default The Irish DNA Atlas: Revealing Fine-Scale Population Structure and History within Ireland

    The extent of population structure within Ireland is largely unknown, as is the impact of historical migrations. Here we illustrate fine-scale genetic structure across Ireland that follows geographic boundaries and present evidence of admixture events into Ireland. Utilising the ‘Irish DNA Atlas’, a cohort (n = 194) of Irish individuals with four generations of ancestry linked to specific regions in Ireland, in combination with 2,039 individuals from the Peoples of the British Isles dataset, we show that the Irish population can be divided in 10 distinct geographically stratified genetic clusters; seven of ‘Gaelic’ Irish ancestry, and three of shared Irish-British ancestry. In addition we observe a major genetic barrier to the north of Ireland in Ulster. Using a reference of 6,760 European individuals and two ancient Irish genomes, we demonstrate high levels of North-West French-like and West Norwegian-like ancestry within Ireland. We show that that our ‘Gaelic’ Irish clusters present homogenous levels of ancient Irish ancestries. We additionally detect admixture events that provide evidence of Norse-Viking gene flow into Ireland, and reflect the Ulster Plantations. Our work informs both on Irish history, as well as the study of Mendelian and complex disease genetics involving populations of Irish ancestry.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-17124-4

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    And this one as well.

    Insular Celtic population structure and genomic footprints of migration

    Previous studies of the genetic landscape of Ireland have suggested homogeneity, with
    population substructure undetectable using single-marker methods. Here we have
    harnessed the haplotype-based method fineSTRUCTURE in an Irish genome-wide SNP
    dataset, identifying 23 discrete genetic clusters which segregate with geographical
    provenance. Cluster diversity is pronounced in the west of Ireland but reduced in the east
    where older structure has been eroded by historical migrations. Accordingly, when
    populations from the neighbouring island of Britain are included, a west-east cline of CelticBritish
    ancestry is revealed along with a particularly striking correlation between haplotypes
    and geography across both islands. A strong relationship is revealed between subsets of
    Northern Irish and Scottish populations, where discordant genetic and geographic affinities
    reflect major migrations in recent centuries. Additionally, Irish genetic proximity of all Scottish
    samples likely reflects older strata of communication across the narrowest inter-island
    crossing. Using GLOBETROTTER we detected Irish admixture signals from Britain and
    Europe and estimated dates for events consistent with the historical migrations of the NorseVikings,
    the Anglo-Normans and the British Plantations. The influence of the former is
    greater than previously estimated from Y chromosome haplotypes. In all, we paint a new
    picture of the genetic landscape of Ireland, revealing structure which should be considered in
    the design of studies examining rare genetic variation and its association with traits.

    https://www.biorxiv.org/content/bior...30797.full.pdf

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    Irish Americans = John F. Kennedy, Ted Kennedy, Bill O'Reilly, Sean Hannity, etc

    Great contributions to the USA.

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    Co-author Michael Merrigan, of the GSI, said the study challenges the accepted narratives on the origins of the people of Ireland.

    “We now get a clearer, scientifically-based map of the distribution and settlement of our ancestral groups across the island of Ireland,” he said. “Historians and students of medieval Ireland have now a wonderful resource on the movements and inter-relationships of our ancestor groups through their DNA.”

    He said the study will open up new research opportunities for many disciplines, especially those researching Irish medieval genealogies and the history of Irish clans.

    It also reveals relatively high levels of Northwest French (probably Celtic) and Norwegian-like (probably Viking) ancestry in Ireland.

    http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland...on-464207.html

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    Last edited by Graham; 12-09-2017 at 09:35 AM.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Grace O'Malley View Post

    ..]
    Makes sense on the pca i guess. Just quickly bordering the countries. Though cornwall and orkney could fit in their own bubble with a little more identity too/.

    largest population and massive majority of Scotland is in SSC(NICS).


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    Admixture info Norse and Plantations.


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    Connacht and Dublin are close on that dendrogram. Not sure why that would be the case.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Graham View Post
    This dendrogram shows why Irish get Orcadian so often in Gedmatch.

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