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Thread: The Irish DNA Atlas: Revealing Fine-Scale Population Structure and History within Ireland

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    • Irish, Scots & Welsh show higher French than the English.
    • Irish & Scots have more Norwegian than the Welsh or English.
    • England has more German & Danish.




    A striking result of our admixture analysis is the surprising amount of Norwegian-like ancestry in our Irish clusters. We also detected high levels of Norwegian ancestry in Orcadian and Scottish clusters, and relatively low Norwegian ancestry in English and Welsh clusters. The Norwegian clusters that contribute significant ancestry to any Irish or British clusters predominantly consist of individuals from counties on the north or western coasts of Norway.

    These areas are noted to be regions where Norse Viking activity originated from.

    Whilst this surprising Norwegian signal in Ireland is most likely due to Norwegian admixture into Ireland, indeed this would corroborate with accounts of Irish slave trade in the Viking era.
    To test this hypothesis we ran an additional regression admixture analysis, this time modelling Norwegian haplotypes as a mixture of Irish, British, or European haplotypes (Supplementary Data 6). We observe significant proportions of Irish, Scottish, and Orcadian ancestry in modern Norway (6.82%, 2.29%, and 2.13%, respectively), particularly western Norway. This could provide evidence for Irish admixture back into Norway, but could also easily be explained by Norwegian haplotypes existing in Ireland, Scotland, and Orkney. Therefore, we are able to provide an upper estimate of ~20% Norwegian ancestry within Ireland, but unable to provide an empirical lower limit.

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    Looks like Connacht, Dublin, and Leinster have the most affinity to Britain, while Ulster (Gaelic, not Planters) and South Munster have the least.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Sikeliot View Post
    Looks like Connacht, Dublin, and Leinster have the most affinity to Britain, while Ulster (Gaelic, not Planters) and South Munster have the least.
    Ulster pre plantation i read somewhere or heard was irelands most gaelic spoken area, the O'Neils were a strong clan in Ireland and owe much to the Islands influence. Donegal, a nearly cut off county is a gaelic area in culture still.

    Gaeltacht


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    Quote Originally Posted by Grace O'Malley View Post
    The extent of population structure within Ireland is largely unknown, as is the impact of historical migrations. Here we illustrate fine-scale genetic structure across Ireland that follows geographic boundaries and present evidence of admixture events into Ireland.
    What do you think of this finding?

    The team did compare the modern group with two ancient genomes from Ireland. One came from a person who lived near Belfast during the Neolithic, around 5,000 years ago. The other was from a person who lived on Rathlin Island in the late Bronze Age, from 2000 to 1500 B.C. The scientists were hopeful they’d find genetic affinity, or relatedness, between the Bronze Age genome and modern inhabitants of the region where those bones had been found. No dice. The ancient genomes mainly served as a nice background reference to highlight variances between the modern groups.
    https://news.nationalgeographic.com/...etics-science/

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    Quote Originally Posted by Grace O'Malley View Post
    This dendrogram shows why Irish get Orcadian so often in Gedmatch.
    I always wondered about that in particular. That's often my top match on various calcs

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    Adding this especially for Graham.

    There is a new paper coming out shortly about Scotland and the islands by Ed Gilbert and the IDA team. Someone at a talk from Ed Gilbert said this:

    Scotland and Ireland high in French like ancestry, low in German like with some Norwegian (which is not seen in the German like area). The German like area included the borders region.
    Looking forward to this.

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    Do you have I2 people in Ireland? If you do, those are Celts.

    R1b people are Germanic, and related to Normans and other non-Celtic people.

    Celts colonized Gaul, Spain and Britian from Balkans.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Grace O'Malley View Post
    Adding this especially for Graham.

    There is a new paper coming out shortly about Scotland and the islands by Ed Gilbert and the IDA team. Someone at a talk from Ed Gilbert said this:



    Looking forward to this.

    Scots are halfway genetically between Ireland and England, no?

    Though in reality all of them are close so these studies really nit-pick the differences. The English are closer genetically to Irish, even to people in remote places like Kerry, than to the Germans.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Sikeliot View Post
    Scots are halfway genetically between Ireland and England, no?

    Though in reality all of them are close so these studies really nit-pick the differences. The English are closer genetically to Irish, even to people in remote places like Kerry, than to the Germans.
    Depends on what part of Scotland. If populations are averaged it is in the middle but different areas are closer to the Irish i.e Western Scotland but other parts of Scotland are closer to the English. We all know the people from Britain and Ireland are closer to each other but some English are closer to the Southern Dutch and Belgian populations. Also all the Isles are closer to Scandinavian populations than they are to Germany.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Grace O'Malley View Post
    Depends on what part of Scotland. If populations are averaged it is in the middle but different areas are closer to the Irish i.e Western Scotland but other parts of Scotland are closer to the English. We all know the people from Britain and Ireland are closer to each other but some English are closer to the Southern Dutch and Belgian populations. Also all the Isles are closer to Scandinavian populations than they are to Germany.
    So did we finally determine, which is the most native 'Irish' cluster -- SW Munster, or North Leinster/Ulster? The studies contradict one another, and themselves.

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