Hungarian anthropologist Dr. Pál Lipták used the label "Andronovo type" for the high-grown Cromagnoid-C population of Bronze Age Kazakhstan.[93] Dr. Henkey Gyula, another Hungarian anthropologist defines Cromagnoid-C as a variant of the Turanid proper phenotype.[94] According to the Russian anthropologist G. F. Debets "Protoeuropean" (or Proto-Europoid) is synonoumous to the Cromagnonoid type.[95] The proto-Europid type is generally ascribed to the warrior-elite of the Neolithic Kurgan culture.[96] The Andronovo-Turanid phenotype was also common in the Neolithic Samara culture. Today it is most common in the Kazan Tatars, but also in other Turkic peoples.[97]
Lipták later divided and renamed the Turanid phenotype into 3 main subgroups:
'Cromagnoid-C' (recalling the "Andronovo type"),
'Cromagnoid-C+Turanid', and
'Pamiro-Turanid'.
In this way, broken up, redistributed, and renamed, Lipták succeeded in 'hiding' the strongly Europoid majority of the Turanid physical types from those scholars who were interested in tracing the Hungarian ancestry and prehistory.[98]
This brachycephal proto-Europoid (Turanid) physical type of Abashevo, Sintashta, Andronovo and Srubnaya is later observed among the Scythians.[b] Through Andronovan migrations (i.e. modern Volga Turks), this physical type expanded southwards and mixed with aboriginal peoples, contributing to the formation of modern populations in South Asia.
In the second half of the 13th century, Mongol conquerors settled on the aboriginal population mainly along the Silk Road in northeast Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. Consequently in these areas a Turanid type with a stronger Mongoloid characteristic became predominant in the 13-16th centuries. In the meantime, the areas of north and south Kazahstan and northern Uzbekistan, the Turanid form of strongly Europoid characteristics continued to predominate. According to Kazakh anthropologist Orazak Ismagulov, it is also of utmost importance to realize that the irano-centric anthropologists of the former Soviet Union chose to give the Turanid label only to those forms which had stronger Mongoloid characteristics, whereas on the basis of historical anthropological studies, it is clear that the form with strongly Andronovo characteristics is the most ancient form of the Turanid type.[99] The birth place of this anthropological type is South Siberia.[100] The ancient Andronovo features have dominantly survived in Kazakhstan till the end of the 12th century (Ismagulov 1970).[101] Anthropologically they were significantly different from the Persians and other Iranian peoples.[66]
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