Are females intellectually/cognitively superior to males?

[Mingle]

I'm not making any conclusions myself but I will present whatever evidence I find and let you make a conclusion -

Brain size is irrelevant to intelligence, females have other features in their brains that could make them smarter:

Although men have bigger brain size which is partly explained by their bigger bodies, women have greater cortical thickness, cortical complexity and cortical surface area (controlling for body size) which compensates for smaller brain size.[68] Meta-analysis and studies have found that brain size explains 6–12% of variance among individual intelligence and cortical thickness explains 5%.[69][70]

A 2012 study published in Intelligence by researchers Miguel Burgaleta and Richard Haier dispelled previous claims that bigger brain size indicates greater male g factor than females. They found greater male brain size was instead associated with greater visuospatial abilities but not with g factor or general intelligence.[73] The study also found no sex differences in g factor among the 100 participants.[73]

Females > males in school:

A 2014 meta-analysis of sex differences in scholastic achievement published in the journal of Psychological Bulletin found females outperformed males in teacher-assigned school marks throughout elementary, junior/middle, high school and at both undergraduate and graduate university level.[121] The meta-analysis, done by researchers Daniel Voyer and Susan D. Voyer from the University of New Brunswick, drew from 97 years of 502 effect sizes and 369 samples stemming from the year 1914 to 2011, and found that higher female performance was not affected by publication year and thereby contradicted recent complaints of "boy crisis" in academic achievement.[121] Another 2015 study by researchers Gijsbert Stoet and David C. Geary in Intelligence found that girl's overall education achievement is better in 70 percent of all the 47–75 countries that participated in PISA.[122] The study consisting of 1.5 million 15-year-olds found higher overall female achievement across reading, mathematics, and science literacy and better performance across 70% of participating countries including many with negative gaps in socioeconomic and gender equality, and they fell behind in only 4% of countries.[122] Stoet and Geary concluded that sex differences in educational achievement are not reliably linked to gender equality.[122]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_di...n_intelligence

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Women with mild cognitive impairment progressed at a faster rate than men did:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science...52873715000190

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Cognitive function in the oldest old: women perform better than men:

http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/1/29

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Men are more likely to have cognitive impairment:

http://www.mdedge.com/neurologyrevie...mild-cognitive

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Women have a smaller amygdala which plays a role in them being less sexual and violent (I guess making women more "self-controlling"):

"Recent brain imaging studies show that a part of the brain that helps produce violence, called the amygdala, is larger in men than in women. Also, the frontal cortex (frontal lobes), which help to regulate impulses coming from the amygdala, is (are) more active in women. Mounting evidence supports the claim that male and female brains are different in many species, including us, partly because of androgenizing (masculinizing) influences of testosterone on the (anterior) hypothalamus, amygdala, and other parts of the brain involved in sex and violence.

https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/20...uperior-to-men

[Mingle]

Women are better surgeons than men:

Even after those adjustments, patients of female surgeons were 4% less likely to die, be readmitted or experience complications 30 days after their surgery compared to patients of male surgeons.

This is not the first time a study has found that a doctor’s gender may influence patient outcomes. In a study earlier this year, other researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health looked at a group of patients seeing general internists and found that those with female doctors tended to have lower death rates and were less likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days than those with male doctors. The authors attribute the favorable patient outcomes to the female doctors’ ability to communicate and engage with their patients to ensure compliance with medications and therapy, their adeptness at collaborating with colleagues and their tendency to adhere to guidelines when treating patients.

http://time.com/4975232/women-surgeon-surgery/

[StarCitizen]

Nope, Men have already been proven to be more intelligent than women. Studies using pre-pubescent boys are not being intellectually honest with their interpretation of the results.

Bigger brains definitely has an effect on intelligence. Men also have more gray matter. But most importantly:

http://www.iqcomparisonsite.com/sexdifferences.aspx

[Mingle]

Also, from the first link I posted (arguing males are smarter):

The possibility of testosterone and other androgens as a cause of sex differences in psychology has been a subject of study. Adult women who were exposed to unusually high levels of androgens in the womb due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia score significantly higher on tests of spatial ability.[110] Many studies find positive correlations between testosterone levels in healthy males and measures of spatial ability.[111] However, the relationship is complex.[112][113]

The ability to apply analytical analysis (as opposed to making intuitive decisions, i.e. System 1 and System 2 thinking) is related to, but different from IQ. On the cognitive reflection test,[115] which consists of "trick questions" where the intuitive answer is wrong, women scored on average 1.03, while men scored 1.47. Bosch-Domènecha and colleagues (2014) further found not only did men outscore women on the CRT, but that greater exposure to prenatal androgens (via a lower 2D:4D ratio) is significantly correlated with a higher score on the cognitive reflection test regardless of sex.[116] Several other studies have replicated these results and have found that men typically score higher than women on the CRT.[117][118][119][120]

[StarCitizen]

Women are better surgeons than men:



http://time.com/4975232/women-surgeon-surgery/

Just by looking at the abstract of that study i can tell its flawed, they compared 774 female surgeons to 2540 male surgeons. And the article even mentions that this is likely the result of comparing the cream of the crop of female surgeons towards the average male surgeon.

[Mingle]

Just by looking at the abstract of that study i can tell its flawed, they compared 774 female surgeons to 2540 male surgeons. And the article even mentions that this is likely the result of comparing the cream of the crop of female surgeons towards the average male surgeon.

There are far more male surgeons so that's why more males were used.

They said that women might be better surgeons because it could be harder for women to become surgeons, not that the women were cherry picked. Although if it were easier for women to become surgeons, then that could affect the rate of surgery success among women. So that is a good point to consider when looking at studies like these.

[Mingle]

Nope, Men have already been proven to be more intelligent than women. Studies using pre-pubescent boys are not being intellectually honest with their interpretation of the results.

Bigger brains definitely has an effect on intelligence. Men also have more gray matter. But most importantly:

http://www.iqcomparisonsite.com/sexdifferences.aspx

Why do pre-pubescent boys get lower scores than girls? Do you have any links regarding scores being compared after puberty?

Men may have more gray matter, but women have thicker cortices.

The IQ differences could be because males have slightly more privilege in society. Whites used to have more privilege over Blacks, but within the past 30 years, Blacks have gained an extra 5 IQ points on Whites (starting at age 4 and then the IQ gap widens after that age). There are also some countries where women equal or surpass men in average IQ: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog...ecord-straight

[Queen B]

Νο.
Τhere are individuals that are superior to other individuals and that's it .
Of course, there are some traits that each gender has that make them more capable in one sector, and less in another, but not superior in general.

There are far more male surgeons so that's why more males were used.
They said that women might be better surgeons because it could be harder for women to become surgeons, not that the women were cherry picked.

I don't think it is harder for women to become surgeons. It is that most women don't chose to be surgeons.

I read in the past an article regarding women pilots and surgeons and why there aren't many and its not because they aren't capable.
These 2 professions are extremely demanding , with a crazy schedule.
If a woman decides to follow these professions, she will have no personal life ,and she will - most likely - not have a family either .

[Mingle]

Νο.
Τhere are individuals that are superior to other individuals and that's it .
Of course, there are some traits that each gender has that make them more capable in one sector, and less in another, but not superior in general.

This doesn't exclude individuality from the equation. We have already long acknowledged that men are physically superior (even though many individual women are stronger/faster than many men), so we can look at intelligence the same way. Of course the inherent physical disparity between men and women would be far greater than any intellectual disparity, but if it exists then it exists.

I don't think it is harder for women to become surgeons. It is that most women don't chose to be surgeons.

I read in the past an article regarding women pilots and surgeons and why there aren't many and its not because they aren't capable.
These 2 professions are extremely demanding , with a crazy schedule.
If a woman decides to follow these professions, she will have no personal life ,and she will - most likely - not have a family either .

I edited my response above. If it is harder for women to become surgeons, then that could explain the difference. If it is not harder for women to become surgeons, then that could imply women are more likely to be better surgeons based on their femaleness.

[StarCitizen]

There are far more male surgeons so that's why more males were used.

They said that women might be better surgeons because it could be harder for women to become surgeons, not that the women were cherry picked. Although if it were easier for women to become surgeons, then that could affect the rate of surgery success among women. So that is a good point to consider when looking at studies like these.

The point is that it makes no sense to compare such a higher number of men to the lower number of women, it skews the results. If they could not find more female surgeons, then they should have randomly selected the male surgeons at a lower more comparable number and compared them to the female surgeons.