Which European component do you find most interesting?

**cosmoo** · 07-22-2018, 09:33 AM

Originally Posted by Token

Steppe. They managed to rekt every single population that they encountered on their way, that is interesting.

By "virtue" of breeding like rabbits and spreading a whole array of diseases, including the first incidence of bubonic plague.

Originally Posted by Token

Just to correct your post, the steppe component is not responsible for light pigmentation at all. These traits only became dominant after intense mixing with GAC during the Yamnaya expansion to the west as exemplified by the later eastern Beakers. GAC were predominantly Neolithic farmers but had very high incidences of rs16891982 and rs1805008, responsible for pale skin and light hair in modern-day Europeans. These snps were entirely absent in Yamnaya and Afanasevo, the pure representatives of the 'steppe' component. Today, light pigmentation is directly proportional to steppe ancestry, which can confuse uninformed people, but it's also directly proportional to GAC ancestry.

You are not in position to correct anything, as you very well know the fallacy of your claims, yet still go on and spread them.
The phenomenon of blondism in the East is nothing new - it has been found as early as in Upper Palaeolithic Siberia (Afontova Gora 3), as well as in their descendants which crossed Urals towards Mesolithic ("EHG", such as Samara (R1b)), and finally in well-developed IE cultures (like Andronovo). Yamnayans were massive outliers in that regard, and no, not all "steppe cultures" hail from them, it is a decades-old misconception that has been proven wrong again and again, in many fields, genetics in particular. A good debunking of it:
https://indo-european.eu/2018/01/the...f-steppe-folk/

Originally Posted by Token

Anyway, despite the dark pigmentation, early Indo-Europeans were far from being 'Mediterraneans': they had broad faces and were metrically far closer to European Hunter-Gatherers.

Neither were they as a whole of "dark pigmentation", nor did they have anything to do with Native Europeans (somewhat broader face does not equal genetic proximity). They had forwardly-projected zygomata and lateral orbital rims, frequent lack of nasion depression and nasal bridge weakly projected, with the aperture itself being broad and rounded, they had lack of lambdoidal flattening, their orbits were shallow and circular, their maxillae were broad in relation to zygomata, their mandibulae frequently had disproportionatelly small gnathion-gonion distances for their bigonal breadth, etc.
All those traits are in direct opposition to those of UP Europeans. Somewhat broad face does not make you one - a complex array of morphological traits does. Also, those broader steppe types were not the sole IE type - Nordic was well-developed among them even in Mesolithic (in case you wanted to pull the old "it's farmer-inspired" lie), even with a fully developed Corded Nordic from those times being found.

**Tong** · 07-22-2018, 05:39 PM

Originally Posted by Lauχum

Anatolian Farmers actually weren't recent migrants from the Levant. Look at the discontinuity of uniparental markers (e.g. Tonnes of E1b1b and CT popping up in Natufians and PPN but barely any in the Anatolian Farmers and European Farmers).

This was confirmed with the release of an abstract by the SMBE, there was a 90% genetic continuity between the Anatolian epipalaeolithic and neolithic:

The first Epipaleolithic Genome from Anatolia suggests a limited role of demic diffusion in the Advent of Farming in Anatolia

Feldman et al.

Anatolia was home to some of the earliest farming communities, which in the following millennia expanded into Europe and largely replaced local hunter-gatherers. The lack of genetic data from pre-farming Anatolians has so far limited demographic investigations of the Anatolian Neolithisation process. In particular, it has been unclear whether farming was adopted by indigenous hunter-gatherers in Central Anatolia or imported by settlers from earlier farming centers. Here we present the first genome-wide data from an Anatolian Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherer who lived ~15,000 years ago, as well as from Early Neolithic individuals from Anatolia and the Levant. By using a comparative dataset of modern and ancient genomes, we estimate that the earliest Anatolian farmers derive over 90 percent of their ancestry from the local Epipaleolithic population, indicating a high degree of genetic continuity throughout the Neolithic transition. In addition, we detect two distinct waves of gene flow during the Neolithic transition: an earlier one related to Iranian/Caucasus ancestry and a later one linked to the Levant. Finally, we observe a genetic link between Epipaleolithic Near-Easterners and post-glacial European hunter-gatherers that suggests a bidirectional genetic exchange between Europe and the Near East predating 15,000 years ago. Our results suggest that the Neolithisation model in Central Anatolia was demographically similar to the one previously observed in the southern Levant and in the southern Caucasus-Iran highlands, further supporting the limited role of demic diffusion during the early spread of agriculture in the Near East, in contrast to the later Neolithisation of Europe.

Do u think anatolia is far away from the levant