The history of Black Slave masters in Colonial USA

[KMack]

No the Euro DNA in Black Americans is not just from "raping" black slaves. 10% of Americans are related to one settler couple in Plymouth Rock. Therefore millions are related to these men.

INTRODUCTION

These genealogies, comprising the colonial history of the majority of the free African American families of Virginia and North Carolina, illustrate the colonial and early national history of their communities:

Most of the families were the descendants of white servant women who had children by slaves. Over one thousand children were born to white women by slaves in Maryland and Virginia during the colonial period.
Many descended from slaves who were freed before the 1723 Virginia law which required legislative approval for manumissions. Families like Gowen, Cumbo, and Driggers who were free in the mid-seventeenth century had several hundred members before the end of the colonial period.
Very few African American families that were free during the colonial period descended from white slave owners who had children by their slaves, less than 1% of the total.
Many free African American families in colonial North Carolina and Virginia were landowners who were generally accepted by their white neighbors.
Over 420 free-born African Americans served in the Revolution from Virginia, over 390 from North Carolina and 40 from South Carolina.
Free Indians blended into the free African American communities. They did not form their own separate communities.
Some of the light-skinned descendants of free African Americans formed the tri-racial isolates of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, and Louisiana.

Virginia Origins

Most of the free African Americans of Virginia and North Carolina originated in Virginia where they became free in the seventeenth and eighteenth century before chattel slavery and racism fully developed in the colonies.

When they arrived in Virginia, Africans joined a society which was divided between master and white servant--a society with such contempt for white servants that masters were not punished for beating them to death in 1624. They joined the same households with white servants--working, eating, sleeping, getting drunk, and running away together [McIlwaine, Minutes of the Council, 1622-1632, 1670-1676, 22-24, 466-7; Northampton Orders 1664-74, fol.25, p.31-fol.31; Hening, Statutes at Large, II:26, 117; Charles City County Orders 1687-95, 468; Westmoreland County Orders 1752-5, 41a]. Some of these first African slaves became free:

Families descended from white women whose histories are included in this work include: Abel (3 children), Acre, Alford, Allen, Alvis, Ancel, Anderson (3 children), Angus, Armfield, Armstrong, Arnold, Ashby (3 children), Atkinson, Avery, Baine, Baker, Balkham, Baltrip, Banks (2 children), Barber, Barnett, Barrow, Bazden (2 children), Beckett (6 children), Bee, Bell (2 children), Bibbens (2 children), Bibby, Bluford, Bolton, Boon, Bowden, Bowles, Boyd, Britt, Brooks, Bruce, Bryan (2 families), Bryant, Bugg, Bunch, Bunday, Burden, Burke, Burnett, Burkett, Burrell, Buss, Butler, Byrd (2 children), Campbell, Cannady (4 children), Cary, Case (2 families), Cassidy, Cauther, Chambers, Chapman, Clark (3 families), Cole, Collins (2 families), Combess Connely, Conner (3 children), Cook (two families), Cooley, Copes (2 children), Corn, Cotance, Cousins, Craig, Crane, Craney, Cunningham, Cuttillo (3 children), Daley, Dalton, Davenport (5 children), Davis, Day (3 children), Dennis (2 children), Dempsey (5 children), Dennis, Donathan, Driver, Duncan, Dunn, Dunstan, Dutchfield, Edgar, Elliott, Ellis, ******, Farrell, Fielding, Finnie, Fletcher (3 children), Flora, Fortune, Fullam (2 children), Fuller, Gallimore (3 childen), Ganes, Gillett (2 children), Gilmore, Grace, Graham, Grant (2 children), Gray, Grayson, Gregory, Griffin, Grimes, Gwinn, Hagins, Haithcock, Hall, Ham, Hamilton, Hammond, Hanson (2 children), Harrison, Haws, Haynes (2 children), Heath, Hilliard, Hitchens, Hobson, Hodges, Hogg (4 children), Holt, Hood, Honest (2 children), Horn, Howard, Howell (2 families), Hubbard, Hughes (2 children), Hurley, Jenkins, Jones (3 families, 5 children), Keemer (2 children), Kelly, Kent, King (2 children), Lamb, Lansford, Lawrence (2 children), Lawson (2 children), Laws (5 children), Lee, Lephew, Lewis (2 families), Lightly (2 children), Lively, Locksam, Locus, Lucas, Lugrove, Lynch, Lynum (2 children), McCarty, McCoy, Maclin (3 children), McIntosh, Madden (2 children), Magee, Manly (two families), Mann, Martin, Mason, Matthews, Mays, Meade (2 children), Melvin, Miles, Mills, Morgan, Morris (3 families), Moss, Murphy, Murray, Murrow, Nicholas, Norris, Neal Norman, Norton, Okey, Oliver, Overton (2 families), Owens, Oxendine, Palmer, Parsons, Parker, Parr, Payne, Peacock, Perkins (4 children), Peters, Phillips (2 children), Pierce, Pittman, Pitts, Poe, Powell, Price, Proctor, Pryor, Pursley, Ralls, Range (2 children), Ratcliff, Redman, Reed, Rich (2 children), Ridley, Roach, Roberts (2 children), Robinson (2 children), Rollins, Ross, Rowe, Rowland, Ruffs, Russell (2 families), Sample (2 children), Saunders, Scott (3 families), Selden, Shepherd (two families), Simmons, Simms, Simpson, Slaxton, Smith (5 families), Sneed, Sorrell, Sparrow, Spiller, Spriddle (2 children), Spriggs, Stephens, Stewart, Stringer, Swan, Symons, Tate (4 children), Thomas (2 children), Timber, Toney, Tootle, Toyer, Turner, Tyler, Tyner, Tyre, Underwood, Venie/ Venners (2 children), Verty, Viers, Walker, Wallace, Warwick, Watkins (3 children), Webb (two families), Welch, West (2 families, 3 children), Whistler (3 children), White (four families), Wiggins (2 children), Williams (3 families), Wilson (2 families, 4 children), Winn, Wise, Wood (3 families, 5 children), Wooten, Worrell, Wright and Young (2 families). It is also likely that the following families descended from white women: Ailstock, Ashe, Alden, Bailey, Ball, Bannister, Bartlett/ Bartley, Battles, Berry, Beverly, Bond, Bowers, Bowman, Brandom/ Branham, Brogdon, Burrell, Byrd (of Essex County), Caton, Causey, Chandler, Chapman, Churchwell, Cooper, Coy, Curtis, Dove, Drake, Dungee, Drew, Dunlop, Fields, Flood, Flowers, Fortune, Fry, Garner, Garnes, Hartless, Harvey, Hawley, Hays, Hearn, Hickman, Hill, Humbles, Hunt, Hurst, Jackson, Joiner, Lemon, Ligon, Lowery, Mealy, Meggs, Milton/ Melton, Monoggin, Munday, Muns, Otter, Page, Pickett, Plumly, Powers, Pugh, Rawlinson, Redcross, Richardson (2 families), Rouse, Sawyer, Shoemaker, Spelman, Spruce, Teamer, Toulson, Twopence, Valentine, Walden, Wilkins and Womble.For white women who had children by slaves in Maryland, see http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/Intro_md.htm. See endnote for other white women who had mixed-race children.

Families descended from freed slaves include: Africa, Anderson, Andrews, Archer, Artis, Black, Bowser, Braveboy, Brown, Cane, Carter, Charity, Churton, Cole, Cook, Cornish, Cuffee, Cumbo, Dove, Driggers, Drury, Edwards, George, Gowen, Harmon, Harris, Jacobs, James, Jeffries, Johnson, Leviner, Lytle, Manuel, Mongom, Moore, Mordick, Newton, Nickens, Payne, Sisco, and Tann families. Families descended from Indians who married into the free African American community include: Bass, Cockran, Cypress, Findley, Hatcher, Hatfield/ Hatter, Hiter, Jeffery, Jumper, Kinney, Lang, Lawrence, Logan, Month, Pinn, Press, Teague, Robins, and Vaughan. Families descended from white men who married free African American women include: Berry, Collins (South Carolina), Combs, Davis, Hailey, Holman, Ivey, Landrum, Lantern, Locklear, Newsom, Norwood, Pendarvis, Silver, Snelling, Skipper and Sweat.



Table 1. Descendancy of Free African American Families in This Genealogy: Virginia and North Carolina
White servant women 379
Freed slaves 50
Indians 29
White men 19

Long read,
http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/introduction.htm

Black Slaveowners: Free Black Slave Masters in South Carolina, 1790-1860

Most Americans, both black and white, believe that slavery was a system maintained by whites to exploit blacks, but this authoritative study reveals the extent to which African Americans played a significant role as slave masters. Examining South Carolina's diverse population of African-American slaveowners, the book demonstrates that free African Americans widely embraced slavery as a viable economic system and that they--like their white counterparts--exploited the labor of slaves on their farms and in their businesses. Drawing on the federal census, wills, mortgage bills of sale, tax returns, and newspaper advertisements, the author reveals the nature of African-American slaveholding, its complexity, and its rationales. He describes how some African-American slave masters had earned their freedom but how many others--primarily mulattoes born of free parents--were unfamiliar with slavery's dehumanization.
https://www.amazon.com/Black-Slaveowners...ave+owners

[dperucca]

Stop questioning the evil white people narrative with your historical facts Kmack lol.

[Heather Duval]

Did you know that the slavery of women, besides serving houses, cooking, etc., they should accept having sex with their slave masters?
Not wanting to bashyou, but it's the reality. They could not deny sex, being a sex slave was a part of it.

[KMack]

Did you know that the slavery of women, besides serving houses, cooking, etc., they should accept having sex with their slave masters?
Not wanting to bashyou, but it's the reality. They could not deny sex, being a sex slave was a part of it.

That isn't what I posted. If you wanted to marry a black women or a white women in Virginia or the Carolinas during this time, more than likely you had to buy her freedom, be that a slave or an indentured servant (of which many were white women). Black man could have a white wife and be a slave owner, a white man could have a black wife and be a slave owner.

[Larali]

Interesting. Thanks for posting!

In my family, the "slaves" were family members. My 3XGma was wetnursed and raised by a black servant during the civil war. She loved her like her own mama.

[RenaRyuguu]

Interesting

[luc2112]

That isn't what I posted. If you wanted to marry a black women or a white women in Virginia or the Carolinas during this time, more than likely you had to buy her freedom, be that a slave or an indentured servant (of which many were white women). Black man could have a white wife and be a slave owner, a white man could have a black wife and be a slave owner.

I can say what happened in Brazil, some things should be similar.
The Portuguese used free mulattos to do services for them, how to hunt runaway slaves, raise cattle, etc...They were usually workers and not farmers (didn't know how to cultivate the land). Many white immigrants should be single men who may have married a SSA woman.
There was a slave revolt in the state of Bahia and the demand of ssa slaves was for they to go back to Africa, these blacks who returned run a fort Portuguese and did traffic SSA slave.

[KMack]

I can say what happened in Brazil, some things should be similar.
The Portuguese used free mulattos to do services for them, how to hunt runaway slaves, raise cattle, etc...They were usually workers and not farmers (didn't know how to cultivate the land). Many white immigrants should be single men who may have married a SSA woman.
There was a slave revolt in the state of Bahia and the demand of ssa slaves was for they to go back to Africa, these blacks who returned run a fort Portuguese and did traffic SSA slave.

History is more than black and white.

[Ayetooey]

Anyone got Y or MTdna stats for AA. Would be interesting if European paternal or maternal haplogroups are more common.

[PaleoEuropean]

I have relative matches that are from my families freed slaves, pretty awkward, one wrote me and asked if I wanted to talk about it XD he even did her tree all the way back to my ancestors. Also a lot of freed mulatto women blended into white society, regardless of who their sire was, if you look back it's hard to tell a lot of mulattos are actually black because they bred with other poor whites and even wealthy whites if their families were successful. Before segregation slaves and their owners had a pretty personal relationship, not all slave masters were like those in Alabama or other harsh places, most people saw slaves as extended family and even helped them buy family members after they were free.