Without colonialism, how would European countries be today?

[Black Panther]

More like 15%. See what I wrote above.

Most European scientific development came after colonialism and exploitation.

[Dandelion]

The part in bold is certainly debatable.

A blind guess of course, but 'probably'.

[Tooting Carmen]

A blind guess of course, but 'probably'.

China?

[Black Panther]

Eastern European countries (Hungary, Poland, etc.) fought off the Ottomans and never colonized anyone. So, nope.

The (not of European descent) European crusader.

[Tooting Carmen]

Most European scientific development came after colonialism and exploitation.

Britain's Industrial Revolution came before its takeover of most of its would-be colonies in Africa and Asia, though admittedly they had colonised the Americas and to an extent Oceania by then.

[Dandelion]

China?

Well, China has geography against its side unlike the US. I think the US might ensure the dominance of Western culture for centuries to come.

[Ülev]

R1ethelia would be a key country on Silk Road and West Europe = peripheries

[Anthony PV]

The (not of European descent) European crusader.

Anything relevant to add, you leftist mutt?

[Tooting Carmen]

Well, China has geography against its side unlike the US.

How so?

[Dandelion]

How so?

A disloyal Tibet it has to keep under its sway, to prevent a pro-Indian Tibet at its doorsteps. Failure to ascertain true dominance at the South China sea. But I am no expert. However the 'China will become dominant believers' are blind guessers themselves.