If your surname is based on the name of a place, do you have ancestry from there?

[Mikula]

In Czech are several lastnames derivated from name of the towns or villages.
There could be:
1) in the form of noun:
Pražák = Prague dweller
Kateřiňák = Kateřinice dweller
etc.

2) in the form of adjectivve:
Bohumínský = from Bohumín
Bordovský = from Bordovice
etc.

The lastnames usually were originated before the the time when the oldest preserved church records appeared
(in our country in 17th century, generally) but in some areas some of the lastnames were established later in 17th-18th centuries.
During my genealogical work I met sometimes the case that some persons was born in some village (for example Kateřinice) with a
non-place lastname but when he moved to neighbour village, locals called him Kateřiňák and in next documents were written
wit this new lastname - and their descendants, too

[Mikula]

Among Czechs are also a lot of lastnames refering about another nations, mostly the neighbour ones:
Němec = German
Polák = Pole
Slovák
Uher (archaic term) = Hungarian

There are also some lastnames refering about non-neighbour nations
Charvát (archaic term) = Croat
Vlach (archaic term) = Italian
Francouz = Frenchmen

Very frequent is a lastname
Turek = Turk
IMHO big part of the holders of the lastname TUREK are decendents of non-Turks, veterans of wars against Ottoman Empire.