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From a linguistic perspective,
R-Z93 corresponds to the Indo-Iranic branch of Indo-European languages
R-Z93>Z94>Z2124 corresponds to the Iranic branch of Indo-European languages
R-Z93>Z94>Z2124>Z2123 corresponds to the Scytho-Sarmatian branch of the Iranic branch of the Indo-European language family
This is a map of R1a subclades which was created based on results by FamilyTree DNA.
The current distribution of the subclade R-Z2123 confirms exactly the existent historical records about Sarmatian tribes, like Alans. What are these records?
The Alans moved into Western Europe and established a brief kingdom around Paris. Later, a part of them moved together with the Vandals in the Iberian peninsula, from where they were expelled by the Visigoths, ultimately settling in Tunisia and establishing a new kingdom there. There exists a relict distribution in southern Sardinia.
The Alans who remained under Hunnic rule founded a powerful kingdom in the North Caucasus in the Middle Ages, which ended with the Mongol invasions in the 13th century AD. These Alans are said to be the ancestors of the modern Ossetians.
The Alans spoke an Eastern Iranian language which derived from Scytho-Sarmatian and which in turn evolved into modern Ossetian.
There are a lot of Bashkir samples with the result R-Z2123 because these were exactly the areas where ancient Scythian and Sarmatian tribes lived and flourished, before they got assimilated or pushed westwards by subsequent migrations.
Please read here:
Sarmatians
Alans
Scythian languages
Eastern Iranian languages
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