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Thread: J2b2-L283 and Ilyrian colonisation of the Balkans

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    Tomba del Colle Casuccini(Permanently Closed)
    It lies "a short mile" to the east of Chiusi. It is hollowed in the side of a hill, and is entered by a level passage cut in the slope. At Chiusi, indeed, almost all the tombs now open are entered in this manner, instead of by a descending flight of steps, as at Corneto, Vulci, and Cervetri.

    The marvels of this tomb meet you on its threshold. p362 The entrance is closed with folding-doors, each flap being a single slab of travertine. You are startled at this unusual sort of door — still more, when you hear, what your eyes confirm, that these ponderous doors are the original doors of the tomb, still working on their hinges as when they were first raised, some twenty and odd centuries since. Hinges, strictly speaking, there are none; for the doors have one side lengthened into a pivot above and below, which pivots work in sockets made in the stone lintel and threshold; just as in the early gateways of Etruscan cities,1 and as doors were hung in the middle ages — those of the Alhambra for instance. There can be no doubt of the antiquity of these doors; it is manifest in their very arrangement; for the lintel is a huge mass of rock buried beneath a weight of superincumbent earth; and must have been laid after the slabs were in their places; and it is obvious that none but those who committed their treasures to this sepulchre, would have taken so much labour to preserve them.2 This was not a common mode of closing the tomb, which was generally done with one or more slabs of rock, often fitted to the doorway, and sometimes highly adorned with reliefs, as in the Grotta delle Iscrizioni at Tarquinii.3

    Just outside the door a small chamber opens on either hand, probably for the freedmen or slaves of the family. The tomb itself has three chambers, two only decorated with paintings, the third unfinished. The first is the largest,4 and has a doorway in the centre of two of its p363 walls, opening into the other chambers; but on the third wall is a false door painted to correspond, as in the tomb of Tarquinii just mentioned. All the doors, true or false, narrow upwards, and have the usual Etruscan mouldings. The ceilings are not carved, as usual on other sites, into rafters, but coffered, as in the Grotta Cardinale at Tarquinii, in concentric squares and oblongs recessed, and painted black and red.

    The paintings do not stand out forcibly, though on a white ground.5 Beyond this, the walls have undergone no other preparation than smoothing. The rock is a sort of sandstone, which will not take a very fine surface, and therefore hardly allows of a high finish or of much force of colour.

    The figures are in a band •about twenty-two or three inches deep, which surrounds the chamber as a frieze. They are twenty-six in number, and are divided into two subjects, banquets and games, both having a funereal reference. On the portion of the frieze facing you as you enter, are the palaestric games. To the right of the central door is a race of three bigae. The charioteers are dressed in white scull-caps and tunics, and the reins are as usual passed round their bodies. Each pair of horses is black and red, and red and black, alternately.6 By the side of each chariot is a tree, or what in the conventional system of the Etruscans was intended to represent such, though to our eyes it is more like a tall bullrush, or a paddle stuck into the ground, the stick being painted red, and the blade bright blue. Such trees may be intended for p364 cypresses — cupressus funebres. The action of both men and horses is natural and easy; the latter especially, though with native peculiarities, have more spirit and freedom than any of those in the painted tombs of Tarquinii.7

    To the left of the central door, are represented the games on foot. First is a pair of wrestlers, or it may be tumblers, for one is inverted with his heels in the air and his body resting on the shoulders of the other, who is kneeling.8 They strongly resemble certain figures in the painted tombs of Egypt. An agonothete in blue pallium, and holding a wand, stands by to direct the sport. Next, a naked man, whose attitude may remind you of the celebrated dancing faun at Naples, is boxing with an imaginary opponent, to the sound of the double-pipes.9 A female follows, dancing to the same music, and to the castanets which she rattles herself. She is draped with boddice and light transparent gown, and a chlamys or scarf on her shoulders; and in attitude as well as costume she is very like the dancing-girls in the tombs of Tarquinii.10 Next to this group is a naked man, with crested helmet, round shield, and long wavy spear, running as if to charge the foe; or he may be practising an armed dance, such as the ancients were wont to perform.11 The last figure is a naked p365 man, exercising himself with halteres, or in plain English, using the dumb-bells, which, with the ancients, served the same purpose as with us.12

    Half of the frieze in this chamber being devoted to games, the other half is pictured with the banquet. Here are five couches, each bearing a pair of figures, all males, young and beardless, half-draped, and crowned with blue chaplets. The absence of the fair sex shows this to be a symposium. Their gestures, animated and varied, betray the exhilarating influence of the rosy god. One holds a chaplet, another a flower, a third a branch, apparently of myrtle, and several have paterae, which the slaves are hastening to replenish. The whole goes forward to the music of the double-pipes. At one end of the scene stands a tripod with a large triple basin, either a wine-cooler or containing the beverage, mixed to the palates of the revellers;13 and a slave is busied at it, replenishing wine-jugs. A second figure, who, with arm uplifted, is giving p366 the slave directions — "Deprome, o Thaliarche, merum diotā!" — is evidently the butler; and the patera suspended on the wall marks this corner as his pantry. Should curiosity be excited as to the costume of butlers in Italy some two or three-and twenty centuries since, I must reply that this Etruscan worthy is "in leathers," as the Spaniards say, though not in buff, chamois, or cordovan.


    [image ALT: An engraving of a ladle. It is a depiction of an Etruscan ladle or simpulum, possibly for religious use.]

    One of the slaves in this scene holds a long ladle — simpulum, or capidula — with a handle bent into a hook, for the purpose of suspension on the rim of the wine-vessel. Such simpula, in bronze, shown in the annexed woodcut, are occasionally found in Etruscan tombs.

    The inner chamber is of smaller dimensions,14 surrounded by a bench of rock. It has also a frieze of figures, here only •fourteen inches high — a chorus of youths; one with a patera, another with a chaplet, a third with the double-pipes, and a fourth a lyre, by which they regulate the dance. All are naked, with the exception of a light chlamys on their shoulders.15

    The natural interpretation of these scenes is that they represent the funeral rites of the Etruscans. Though antiquaries of great renown have attached a symbolical meaning to them, I see no reason why they should not p367 represent the feasting, music, dances, and palaestric games, actually held in honour of the dead.16 It is possible that they may be at once descriptive and symbolical. This is a point on which every one is at liberty to hold his own opinion.

    The figures in these paintings are generally outlined with black. The colours are hardly so well preserved as in those of Tarquinii; the blues and whites are the most vivid. Yet all have been seriously injured. Let the visitor have a care as he moves through these tombs. The medium, whatever it were, with which the colours were laid on, having perished after so many ages, they now remain in mere powder on the walls, and might be effaced by a touch of the finger, or by the sweeping of a garment.

    These paintings have no chiaro-scuro, no perspective, no foreshortening; the faces are always in profile; the figures sometimes unnaturally elongated; the limbs clumsy; the attitudes rigid; the drapery arranged in stiff, regular folds — all features of archaic character. Yet there are more p368 ease and power than are usually found in connection with such signs of antiquity. They seem the work of a man who could do better things, but who either felt tomb-painting to be a degradation of his talents, or was restrained by conventionalities from the free exercise of them. These are of later date than most of the paintings of Tarquinii, yet must be of Etruscan times; they can hardly belong to the period of Roman domination, still less, as Inghirami opines, to the decadence of art.17

    This tomb was discovered in May 1833, by accident, while making "bonifications" to the soil. It must have been rifled in past ages, for nothing but fragments of pottery and urns was found within it.18

  2. #322
    Son of Arvanon Geni's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by Bosniensis View Post
    At least several Hellenic scholars like Strabo mentions Illyrians as Cousins of Celts and that they descend from the two brothers.

    I wonder how E1b Albanians and J2 Albanians has anything to do with Celtic people?

    However it is confirmed that Celts were I2 people who were invaded by R1b people (Scandinavians, Germans etc..)

    Also according to Albanian concept of Illyrians, Illyrians would be the only people who were WIPED OUT from their capital city in Sirmium and Singidunum and all other territories, a UNIQUE example in a WHOLE WORLD.

    That's ridiculous. Of course that I2 people are Illyrians, and Southern Poland along with Hungary was Illyrian (Pannonian)

    and I2 in Gaul and all Celtic territories as well as Illyrian was a major haplogroup.

    But I don't want to waste my breath on Albanians who have African Haplogroup claiming to be related to Celts is INSANE.

    In your map in 2000 BC i am exact in south Albania like today...

    "Shqiptar i vėrtetė e i mirė ėshtė ay qė vė gjithėnjė e kurėdo kombėrinė pėrpara fesė, nuk ka vėllezėr ata qė ka nė besėn e tij, por ata qė ka nė kombėri tė tij.” – Sami Frashėri"
    "A true and good Albanian is the one who always and everywhere puts the nation before the religion, there are no brothers who are in his faith, but those who are in his nation." - Sami Frashėri "

  3. #323
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    Quote Originally Posted by Geni View Post
    In your map in 2000 BC i am exact in south Albania like today...
    O Gen, hec more burre merre BigY se kane leshime tash per festat e fundvitit e leje hartat se nuk te tregojne asgje

  4. #324
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    Po do ham gjelin e detit or burre...prit edhe pak...se kushurinj do dalim skemi ku shkojm...

    "Shqiptar i vėrtetė e i mirė ėshtė ay qė vė gjithėnjė e kurėdo kombėrinė pėrpara fesė, nuk ka vėllezėr ata qė ka nė besėn e tij, por ata qė ka nė kombėri tė tij.” – Sami Frashėri"
    "A true and good Albanian is the one who always and everywhere puts the nation before the religion, there are no brothers who are in his faith, but those who are in his nation." - Sami Frashėri "

  5. #325
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    Quote Originally Posted by Skerdilaid View Post
    O Gen, hec more burre merre BigY se kane leshime tash per festat e fundvitit e leje hartat se nuk te tregojne asgje
    Nigjo ktu o katunari jem se sot kam zbuluar nje gje qe me la pa mend...prandaj thosha une po cne kta backallijte te gjithe nga 180 e me shume te gjate ,te gjithe shpi pushke,dhe i vetmi fshat ndoshta ne jug qe spranonte te kishte bej po i mbronte tokat me pushke ...per kete jane edhe te degjuar si fshati me trim i Skraparit qe ne pergjithesi jane aq kokderra sa i quajne maloket e jugut....duke kerkuar historine e Backes fshatit nga kemi prejardhjen gjeta kete gje nga Enver Cakaj" Mė e sakta e tė dhėnave, njė pjesė e backallinjve kanė ardhur nga Molla e Kuqe, qė ndodhet nė Veri tė Kosovės, nė kufi me Serbinė"...domethene qe qe sot nuk jam me tosk por geg....prandaj me dalin gjithe kushurinjte e adn geg mua...prandaj ky dallimi tosk vs geg ta rrun K.rin....kot fare...e sa jam cudit sot...

    "Shqiptar i vėrtetė e i mirė ėshtė ay qė vė gjithėnjė e kurėdo kombėrinė pėrpara fesė, nuk ka vėllezėr ata qė ka nė besėn e tij, por ata qė ka nė kombėri tė tij.” – Sami Frashėri"
    "A true and good Albanian is the one who always and everywhere puts the nation before the religion, there are no brothers who are in his faith, but those who are in his nation." - Sami Frashėri "

  6. #326
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    Quote Originally Posted by Geni View Post
    Nigjo ktu o katunari jem se sot kam zbuluar nje gje qe me la pa mend...prandaj thosha une po cne kta backallijte te gjithe nga 180 e me shume te gjate ,te gjithe shpi pushke,dhe i vetmi fshat ndoshta ne jug qe spranonte te kishte bej po i mbronte tokat me pushke ...per kete jane edhe te degjuar si fshati me trim i Skraparit qe ne pergjithesi jane aq kokderra sa i quajne maloket e jugut....duke kerkuar historine e Backes fshatit nga kemi prejardhjen gjeta kete gje nga Enver Cakaj" Mė e sakta e tė dhėnave, njė pjesė e backallinjve kanė ardhur nga Molla e Kuqe, qė ndodhet nė Veri tė Kosovės, nė kufi me Serbinė"...domethene qe qe sot nuk jam me tosk por geg....prandaj me dalin gjithe kushurinjte e adn geg mua...prandaj ky dallimi tosk vs geg ta rrun K.rin....kot fare...e sa jam cudit sot...
    I njof ca Backaj dhe une, shumica jane te gjate pervec njerit qe ishte I shkurter. Cuni I njerit nga keta, lind ketu ne Amerike eshte 1.95 I gjate, pa I bere 20 vjec.

  7. #327
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    Quote Originally Posted by IncelSlayer View Post
    No one said you have it straight from Bell Beakers, but its known both Bell Beakers and z2103 came from yamnayas who overwhelgly were r1b-l23 its parent clade and Coon realised before every ydna was known that both Bell Beakers were brachy flat head people and in Albania the same type was dominant.
    Incel, since flattening is mentioned and Coon's name, have a look at these gems:

    1) There has been much discussion upon the subject of occipital flattening, both in Albania and in Asia Minor; there are two definite schools, one which believes that it is natural and racially determined, the other that it is a form of artificial deformation caused by cradling.

    Carleton Stevens Coon
    Races of Europe
    (Chapter XII, section XIII)
    Albania and the Dinaric Race
    Macmillam Press
    1939


    2) Physically, the people looked more European than any others I had seen in the Middle East, both in their facial features and in their clothing. Many of them particularly resembled northern Albanians, a people whom I had studied in 1929 and 1930 and I soon saw one reason why.

    In Albania, mothers strap babies to cradles, which they carry with them as they go to the market or go about their work. Although the infants’ heads are no bound, the immobilization of their shoulders forces them to lie on the back of their heads. As a result the heads are flattened in infancy and this condition is retained throughout life. As soon as I saw a pair of young mothers carrying their babies in such cradles, I knew why these people looked so much like Albanians.

    Here was a surviving culture closely linked to the origins of European civilization, lived in by a people of European physical type, in the one part of Iran which has enough rainfall to preserve the forest on which its technological aspects depended.

    There could be no question of this culture having come from Europe. The whole trend of history has gone in the opposite direction.

    The Seven Caves
    Carleton Stevens Coon
    Chapter 4: Belt Cave and the Caspian Shore
    Page: 135
    Knopf, New York, 1957

    We can also add the fact the name Gheg is found commonly in Armenia (R1b).

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    ^ Just one more Incel, l could add thousands, l don't want to hurt their dream of Madhe Shqiperia, check it out:

    Skene
    Journal of the Ethnological Society of London (1848-1856), Vol. 2. (1850).

    Journal of the Ethnological Society of London (1848-1856) is currently published by Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

    The Albanians are divided into four tribes. These are, the Gheghides and Mirdites, the Toskides, the Tsamides, and the Liapides.
    The tribe of the Ghegs and Mirdites are of lofty stature and athletic frame ; and their swarthy complexion and black eyes still retain the characteristics of their supposed Caucasian origin.

    The Toskides are the most handsome of the Albanians. They have noble features, with fair hair and blue eyes, indicating the mixture of Georgian blood, which probably flows in their veins : less warlike than their countrymen of the other tribes, their stature is also less Herculean. They are supposed to have derived their name from the Toxidse, mentioned by Chardin as inhabiting Mingrelia.
    MINGRELIA, a former principality of Transcaucasia, which became subject to Russia in 1804, and since 1867 has belonged to the government of Kutais. The country corresponds to the ancient Colchis

    The country now occupied by this tribe lies to the south of that of the Ghegs and Mirdites, and extends to the river Vojutza. It is called by themselves Toskouria. Their chief places are Elbassan and Berat, called by the Turks Arnaout Belgrad, in order to distinguish it from Belgrade on the Danube. Te-pellene, the birth-place of Ali Pasha, is now included in their territory, although it was formerly considered as belonging to the infamous Liapides. The great despot declared it, however, to be in Toskouria and no one dared to gainsay him on a point which affected the respectability of his origin. The women of the Toske tribe are remarkable for their beauty, like those of Georgia, whence they issue, according to the conjecture of some antiquaries.

    In their own language they call themselves Skipetar, which name bears some affinity with that of of the Skitekip, mentioned by the Armenian geographers as inhabiting a territory near the Caspian.

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    The basal balkan J -L283 subclade comes from a portuguese. But Basal J-L283 seems to come fron georgia /armenia region. Maybe hurrian peoples were related.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Taiguaitiaoghyrmmumin View Post
    The basal balkan J -L283 subclade comes from a portuguese. But Basal J-L283 seems to come fron georgia /armenia region. Maybe hurrian peoples were related.
    I thought we came from Sardinia
    I'm disappointed now..
    Last edited by Trojet; 02-13-2019 at 11:18 PM.

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