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Pre-history
14th century
- Caid (precursor to modern Gaelic football).
- Whiskey
17th century
- Irish road bowling.
- 1661: Modern Chemistry founded by Robert Boyle with the publication of The Sceptical Chymist.
- 1662: Boyle's law discovered by Robert Boyle.
- 1680s: Invention of Drinking chocolate - Hans Sloane
18th century
1730: The concept of an entrepreneur - Richard Cantillon.
19th century
- 1805: Beaufort scale created by Francis Beaufort.
- 1809: Milk of Magnesia discovered by James Murray.
- 1813: Clanny safety lamp created by William Reid Clanny.
- 1820: 30 January, Edward Bransfield discovered the Antarctic Continent (mainland, islands were discovered earlier).
- 1821: The development of "Extra Stout" beer by The Second Arthur Guinness and others.
- 1831: Column still design enhanced and patented by Aeneas Coffey.
- 1832: The Kyanizing process for preserving wood, created by John Howard Kyan.
- 1834: The game of Croquet.
- 1836: Induction coil created by Nicholas Callan.
- 1843: Quaternion (a mathematical entity) first described by Sir William Rowan Hamilton.
- 1844: Hollow needle in syringe created by Francis Rynd.
- 1846: Seismology founded by Robert Mallet, who used dynamite explosions to measure the speed of elastic waves in surface rocks - pioneering and coining the word 'seismology'.
- 1848: Kelvin scale created by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin.
- 1851: Binaural stethoscope created by Arthur Leared.
- 1856: Icosian calculus discovered by Sir William Rowan Hamilton.
- 1859: Greenhouse Effect theory proven by John Tyndall.
- 1865: The first Transatlantic telegraph cable pioneered by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin on Valentia Island.
- 1866: The Standard drop method of hanging developed by Dr Samuel Haughton.
- 1874:
- Electron introduced as a concept by George Johnstone Stoney.
- Brennan torpedo created by Louis Brennan.
- 1879: The rules of Hurling first standardized with the foundation of the Irish Hurling Union.
- 1880: Boycott triggered by Charles Boycott over a dispute with the Irish Land League.
- 1884: Steam Turbine: Compound Steam Turbine developed by Anglo-Irish engineer Charles Algernon Parsons.
- 1885: The Cream Cracker was invented by Joseph Haughton in his home in Dublin and first manufactured by William Jacob in his bakery in Dublin.
- 1888: Gregg Shorthand created by John Robert Gregg.
- 1894: Joly colour screen created by John Joly.
- 1891: Tattoo machine created by Samuel O'Reilly.
- 1897: Modern submarine design created by John Philip Holland.
- Saccharimeter created by Rev John Jellet from Cashel, County Tipperary (1817–1888).
20th century
- 1901: Reflector sight created by Howard Grubb.
- 1914: Radiotherapy developed by John Joly.
- 1928: Three point linkage, patented by Harry Ferguson.
- 1930: Nickel-zinc battery created by James J. Drumm.
- 1930s: The first disintegration of an atomic nucleus by artificially accelerated protons (splitting the atom) discovered by Ernest Walton et al.
- 1946: Ejection seat - first live test of a reliable, successful modern ejection seat developed by James Martin
- 1950: Joseph 'Spud' Murphy and his employee Seamus Burke produced the world's first seasoned chips: Cheese & Onion and Salt & Vinegar. Companies worldwide sought to buy the rights to Tayto's technique.
- 1954: Clofazimine first synthesized by a medical research team led by Cork man Vincent Barry at Trinity College, Dublin.
- 1965: Portable defibrillator created by Frank Pantridge.
- 1967: Pulsar discovered by Jocelyn Bell Burnell.
- 1970s: Positive end-expiratory pressure technique for treatment of pulmonary contusion - developed by staff at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.
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