Dialectical Logic - Dialectical Materialism - Marxist Philosophy of Nature

**Petros Agapetos** · 11-10-2018, 07:33 AM

Originally Posted by Petros Agapetos

The World Outlook Of the Marxist-Leninist Party

The Basic Laws of Dialectical Materialism

Law#1.The Law of Transformation of Quantitative to Qualitative Changes:
The universal laws of dialectics reveal the essential features of any developing phenomenon, no matter to what field or activity it may belong to.

Law#2.The Law of Unity and Conflict of Opposites:
Aspects in which changes move in opposite directions and which have opposite trends of functioning and development, are called “opposites”. The interaction between opposite counterparts constitutes a contradiction. Every phenomenon is characterized by certain opposites and contradictions.

Law#3.The Law of the Negation of the Negation:
Marx: “In no sphere can one undergo a development without negating one’s previous mode of existence.”

Dialectical Materialism’s approach to the phenomena of nature, its method of studying and apprehending them, is dialectical, while its interpretation of phenomena of nature, its conception of these phenomena, its theory is materialistic. Hence, the process or method is Dialectical, and the Object of Study is Materialism! To interpret the matter, to know the nature of matter the dialectics is used. “The idea is the recognition of the contradictory mutually exclusive, opposite tendencies in all phenomena and processes of nature.” - Lenin.

**Petros Agapetos** · 11-24-2018, 05:04 PM

Dialectical Materialism = Dialectics (Hegelian) + Materialism (Marxist)

Dialectical materialism, a philosophical approach to reality derived from the teachings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For Marx and Engels, materialism meant that the material world, perceptible to the senses, has objective reality independent of mind or spirit. They did not deny the reality of mental or spiritual processes but affirmed that ideas could arise, therefore, only as products and reflections of material conditions. Marx and Engels understood materialism as the opposite of idealism, by which they meant any theory that treats matter as dependent on mind or spirit, or mind or spirit as capable of existing independently of matter. For them, the materialist and idealist views were irreconcilably opposed throughout the historical development of philosophy. They adopted a thoroughgoing materialist approach, holding that any attempt to combine or reconcile materialism with idealism must result in confusion and inconsistency.

**Petros Agapetos** · 11-24-2018, 05:10 PM

Marx’s and Engels’ conception of dialectics owes much to G.W.F. Hegel.

In opposition to the “metaphysical” mode of thought, which viewed things in abstraction, each by itself and as though endowed with fixed properties, Hegelian dialectics considers things in their movements and changes, interrelations and interactions. Everything is in continual process of becoming and ceasing to be, in which nothing is permanent but everything changes and is eventually superseded. All things contain contradictory sides or aspects, whose tension or conflict is the driving force of change and eventually transforms or dissolves them. But whereas Hegel saw change and development as the expression of the world spirit, or Idea, realizing itself in nature and in human society, for Marx and Engels change was inherent in the nature of the material world. They therefore held that one could not, as Hegel tried, deduce the actual course of events from any “principles of dialectics”; the principles must be inferred from the events.

The theory of knowledge of Marx and Engels started from the materialist premise that all knowledge is derived from the senses. But against the mechanist view that derives knowledge exclusively from given sense impressions, they stressed the dialectical development of human knowledge, socially acquired in the course of practical activity. Individuals can gain knowledge of things only through their practical interaction with those things, framing their ideas corresponding to their practice; and social practice alone provides the test of the correspondence of idea with reality—i.e., of truth. This theory of knowledge is opposed equally to the subjective idealism according to which individuals can know only sensible appearances while things-in-themselves are elusive, and to the objective idealism according to which individuals can know supersensible reality by pure intuition or thought, independent of sense.

The concept of dialectical materialism—which is a theoretical basis for a method of reasoning—should not be confused with “historical materialism,” which is the Marxist interpretation of history in terms of the class struggle.

There exists no systematic exposition of dialectical materialism by Marx and Engels, who stated their philosophical views mainly in the course of polemics.

**Petros Agapetos** · 12-03-2018, 02:45 PM

**Petros Agapetos** · 01-15-2019, 03:12 AM

What do you think of Dialectical Materialism so far?
It is the world outlook of the Marxist-Leninist party.

**Petros Agapetos** · 03-12-2019, 01:31 AM

Why does Communism lead to Secularization?

The answer lies partly in Dialectical Materialism, which is a Philosophically Naturalist philosophy of nature, which denies supernature. There is simply no room for supernatural entities to inhabit in such a worldview. That is, a proper indoctrination into Marxism will inevitably lead to a Godless picture of the world.

The philosophy of nature to which science as a method of discovery is based on is called "Methodological Naturalism", which merely recognizes the limitations of science to demonstrate the supernatural realm, but does not deny its existence the why "Philosophical Naturalism" does.

Marxists tend to be secular humanists, which informs their worldview. Marxism is suspect of any "Master-Slave Dialectic" (God - Humans). Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were vehement critics of religion in general, not just theism (the belief in God), but also the practice of religion, which undermines the pure materialist philosophy of Marxism. Marx compared religion to the opioids of the masses, the spirit of a spiritless situation, which has no place in a proletarian dictatorship, as implemented in the 20th century.