Localism

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Localismdescribes a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local. Generally, localism supports local production andconsumption of goods, local control of government, and promotion oflocal history, local culture and local identity. Localism can be contrasted withregionalismandcentralized government, with its opposite being found in theunitary state.

Localism can also refer to a systematic approach to organizing a national government so that local autonomy is retained rather than following the usual pattern of government and political power becoming centralized over time.

On a conceptual level, there are important affinities between localism anddeliberative democracy. This concerns mainly the democratic goal of engaging citizens in decisions that affect them. Consequently, localism will encourage stronger democratic and political participatory forums and widening public sphere connectivity.[1]



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Localism as a philosophy is related to the principle of subsidiarity.

In the early 21st century, localists have frequently found themselves aligned with critics of globalisation. Variants of localism are prevalent within the Green movement. According to an article in International Socialism, localism of this sort seeks to "answer to the problems created by globalisation" with "calls to minimise international trade and to seek to establish economies based on ‘local’ self-sufficiency only."[3]

Some localists believe that society should be organised politically along community lines, with each community being free to conduct its own business in whatever fashion its people see fit. The size of the communities is defined such that their members are both familiar and dependent on each other, a size something along the lines of a small town or village.[citation needed]

In reference to localism, Edward Goldsmith, former editor of The Ecologist magazine, claims: "The problems facing the world today can only be solved by restoring the functioning of those natural systems which once satisfied our needs, i.e. by fully exploiting those incomparable resources which are individual people, families, communities and ecosystems, which together make up the biosphere or real world"[4]

Tip O'Neill, a longtime Speaker of the House in the US Congress, once famously declared that "All politics is local".[5] He eventually wrote a book by that name: All Politics Is Local: And Other Rules of the Game.

Localism and populismEdit
There are discussions whether localism correlates with populism in theory basis. Wayne Yeung, a writer in an online publication (NEW BLOOM) [6] She made an assumption claiming that localism is a sub-school of European-American populism, and its ideology is a combination of ultra-nationalist, anti-leftist, and immigrant-bashing rhetoric.[6] She raised an example of localism application, in which localism certify a “civic” or “cultural” value rather than ethnic understanding in Hong Kong identity politics.[6] Consequently, localism contains elements of populism, primarily as being a politicised form of racism. [6]

Jane Wills, a Professor of Human Geography in the University of Exeter, argued that the increasing numbers of populist politicians are endorsing localism as the framework for public policy.[7] She defined that populism is the form of politics that involves actions to speak for the people in a register that is more authentic to the experiences and needs of those people.[7] In other words, most likely that Populist Party policies would contradict with parties supporting the elites.[7] She also used anti-politics to describe populist or localist politician because they stood against mainstream politics.[7] She used the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) as an example where UKIP adopted localism into frame working their policies. Mainstream politicians from Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat threatened by the rise of UKIP and their adoption on localism policy, in which they increasingly exposed from the emotional connection to the people.[7]

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