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Thread: Neolithic Orkney Islanders

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    Default Neolithic Orkney Islanders

    Map of ancient human DNA samples: https://umap.openstreetmap.fr/en/map...9.0045/-2.5790



    I2630, Neolithic Orkney Islands, 2581–2464 calBCE (3999±32 BP), Y-DNA I2a1b1, mtDNA K1a4:

    GEDmatch Genesis kit number - RX9884525

    Eurogenes K15 results:

    Admix Results (sorted):

    # Population Percent
    1 West_Med 49.2
    2 Atlantic 30.24
    3 North_Sea 10.12
    4 East_Med 7.99
    5 Red_Sea 2.44

    Single Population Sharing:

    # Population (source) Distance
    1 Sardinian 12.19
    2 Spanish_Andalucia 25.05
    3 Spanish_Cantabria 25.29
    4 Spanish_Aragon 25.3
    5 Spanish_Castilla_La_Mancha 25.86
    6 Southwest_French 25.98
    7 Spanish_Valencia 26.52
    8 French_Basque 26.89
    9 Spanish_Extremadura 27.27
    10 Spanish_Murcia 27.75
    11 Portuguese 27.88
    12 Spanish_Castilla_Y_Leon 28.17
    13 Spanish_Galicia 28.57
    14 North_Italian 28.59
    15 Spanish_Cataluna 28.64
    16 Tuscan 32.01
    17 French 35.71
    18 West_Sicilian 35.76
    19 Greek 37.76
    20 Italian_Abruzzo 37.79

    Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

    # Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
    1 75.6% Sardinian + 24.4% French_Basque @ 9.03
    2 79.9% Sardinian + 20.1% Spanish_Cantabria @ 10.75
    3 79.9% Sardinian + 20.1% Spanish_Aragon @ 10.75
    4 80.5% Sardinian + 19.5% Southwest_French @ 10.76
    5 81.9% Sardinian + 18.1% Spanish_Castilla_La_Mancha @ 11.04
    6 90.9% Sardinian + 9.1% Orcadian @ 11.31
    7 90% Sardinian + 10% Southwest_English @ 11.31
    8 84% Sardinian + 16% Spanish_Valencia @ 11.31
    9 91% Sardinian + 9% West_Scottish @ 11.34
    10 91% Sardinian + 9% Irish @ 11.35
    11 90.7% Sardinian + 9.3% Southeast_English @ 11.37
    12 83.8% Sardinian + 16.2% Spanish_Andalucia @ 11.41
    13 85.8% Sardinian + 14.2% Spanish_Castilla_Y_Leon @ 11.42
    14 86.1% Sardinian + 13.9% Spanish_Cataluna @ 11.44
    15 86.3% Sardinian + 13.7% Spanish_Murcia @ 11.52
    16 86.2% Sardinian + 13.8% Spanish_Extremadura @ 11.53
    17 92.2% Sardinian + 7.8% North_Dutch @ 11.55
    18 92.2% Sardinian + 7.8% Danish @ 11.56
    19 92.9% Sardinian + 7.1% West_Norwegian @ 11.6
    20 87.2% Sardinian + 12.8% Portuguese @ 11.61

    Using 4 populations approximation:
    1 French_Basque + Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian @ 10.320324
    2 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Cantabria @ 12.456655
    3 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Aragon @ 12.470801
    4 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Southwest_French @ 12.494973
    5 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Castilla_La_Mancha @ 12.899986
    6 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Valencia @ 13.353451
    7 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Andalucia @ 13.429128
    8 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Castilla_Y_Leon @ 13.640381
    9 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Cataluna @ 13.720404
    10 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Extremadura @ 13.780892
    11 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Murcia @ 13.798806
    12 French_Basque + French_Basque + Sardinian + Sardinian @ 13.881833
    13 Portuguese + Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian @ 13.969643
    14 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Galicia @ 14.067852
    15 French_Basque + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Cantabria @ 14.198653
    16 French_Basque + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Aragon @ 14.325199
    17 Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian + Sardinian @ 14.334916
    18 French_Basque + Sardinian + Sardinian + Southwest_French @ 14.443195
    19 French_Basque + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Castilla_La_Mancha @ 14.540971
    20 French_Basque + Sardinian + Sardinian + Spanish_Andalucia @ 14.559274

    Eurogenes K36:

    126953 SNPs used in this evaluation

    Population
    Amerindian -
    Arabian -
    Armenian -
    Basque 6.55 Pct
    Central_African -
    Central_Euro -
    East_African -
    East_Asian -
    East_Balkan -
    East_Central_Asian -
    East_Central_Euro -
    East_Med -
    Eastern_Euro -
    Fennoscandian -
    French 1.21 Pct
    Iberian 37.09 Pct
    Indo-Chinese -
    Italian 25.51 Pct
    Malayan -
    Near_Eastern -
    North_African 0.88 Pct
    North_Atlantic -
    North_Caucasian -
    North_Sea -
    Northeast_African -
    Oceanian -
    Omotic -
    Pygmy -
    Siberian -
    South_Asian -
    South_Central_Asian -
    South_Chinese -
    Volga-Ural -
    West_African -
    West_Caucasian -
    West_Med 28.76 Pct

    Similarity Map:



    =====

    Edit:

    Another one:

    I2932, Neolithic Orkney Islands, 2571–2348 calBCE (3962±29 BP), Y-DNA I2a1b, mtDNA H5:

    GEDmatch Genesis kit number - FL6741941

    Eurogenes K15 results:

    Admix Results (sorted):

    # Population Percent
    1 West_Med 46.96
    2 Atlantic 34.92
    3 North_Sea 10.84
    4 Red_Sea 3.25
    5 Baltic 2.36
    6 East_Med 1.67

    Single Population Sharing:

    # Population (source) Distance
    1 Sardinian 18.4
    2 French_Basque 22.71
    3 Spanish_Cantabria 23.32
    4 Spanish_Aragon 23.39
    5 Southwest_French 23.55
    6 Spanish_Andalucia 24.11
    7 Spanish_Castilla_La_Mancha 24.3
    8 Spanish_Valencia 25.25
    9 Spanish_Extremadura 26.5
    10 Spanish_Castilla_Y_Leon 26.82
    11 Spanish_Murcia 26.95
    12 Portuguese 27.2
    13 Spanish_Cataluna 27.44
    14 Spanish_Galicia 27.82
    15 North_Italian 29.18
    16 Tuscan 33.52
    17 French 34.25
    18 West_Sicilian 38.02
    19 South_Dutch 38.43
    20 Greek 39.5

    Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

    # Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
    1 57.9% Sardinian + 42.1% French_Basque @ 11.8
    2 62.5% Sardinian + 37.5% Southwest_French @ 14.74
    3 62.5% Sardinian + 37.5% Spanish_Cantabria @ 14.93
    4 62.7% Sardinian + 37.3% Spanish_Aragon @ 14.97
    5 65.5% Sardinian + 34.5% Spanish_Castilla_La_Mancha @ 15.53
    6 68.3% Sardinian + 31.7% Spanish_Valencia @ 16.02
    7 80.7% Sardinian + 19.3% Southwest_English @ 16.18
    8 67.1% Sardinian + 32.9% Spanish_Andalucia @ 16.19
    9 82.3% Sardinian + 17.7% Irish @ 16.21
    10 82.6% Sardinian + 17.4% West_Scottish @ 16.23
    11 71.1% Sardinian + 28.9% Spanish_Castilla_Y_Leon @ 16.23
    12 82.9% Sardinian + 17.1% Orcadian @ 16.26
    13 81.9% Sardinian + 18.1% Southeast_English @ 16.3
    14 72.3% Sardinian + 27.7% Spanish_Cataluna @ 16.34
    15 72.1% Sardinian + 27.9% Spanish_Extremadura @ 16.56
    16 72.7% Sardinian + 27.3% Spanish_Murcia @ 16.57
    17 84.1% Sardinian + 15.9% North_Dutch @ 16.61
    18 84.3% Sardinian + 15.7% Danish @ 16.64
    19 81.8% Sardinian + 18.2% South_Dutch @ 16.71
    20 73.7% Sardinian + 26.3% Portuguese @ 16.74

    Eurogenes K36:

    108803 SNPs used in this evaluation

    Population
    Amerindian -
    Arabian -
    Armenian -
    Basque 8.92 Pct
    Central_African -
    Central_Euro -
    East_African -
    East_Asian -
    East_Balkan -
    East_Central_Asian -
    East_Central_Euro -
    East_Med -
    Eastern_Euro -
    Fennoscandian -
    French 6.39 Pct
    Iberian 37.99 Pct
    Indo-Chinese -
    Italian 22.85 Pct
    Malayan -
    Near_Eastern -
    North_African -
    North_Atlantic -
    North_Caucasian -
    North_Sea -
    Northeast_African -
    Oceanian -
    Omotic -
    Pygmy -
    Siberian -
    South_Asian -
    South_Central_Asian -
    South_Chinese -
    Volga-Ural -
    West_African -
    West_Caucasian -
    West_Med 23.85 Pct

    Simiilarity Map:



    Compare them to Bronze Age Orkney Islanders:

    https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...kney-Islanders
    Last edited by Peterski; 02-22-2019 at 05:30 AM. Reason: Added another Neolithic Orcadian sample. Link to Bronze Age Orkney thread.

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    ^^^ Such "Spanish people" built these monuments on Orkney Islands:

    https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...olithic-Orkney

    https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...ncient-Britain

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_of_Neolithic_Orkney

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skara_Brae









    ^^^
    In another thread, one Swedish member commented:

    https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...840#post118840

    Quote Originally Posted by Bjólf View Post
    So much for "dumb primitive stone age man".
    Some reconstructions of Neolithic Orcadian faces here:

    https://www.theapricity.com/forum/sh...olithic-Orkney

    http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/isbister/people.htm

    Last edited by Peterski; 02-22-2019 at 04:08 AM.

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    Do you think people from the British Isles still have some ancestry from these people? It could be why some people from the British Isles have Iberian features.

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    Incredible

    Quote Originally Posted by JQP4545 View Post
    Do you think people from the British Isles still have some ancestry from these people? It could be why some people from the British Isles have Iberian features.
    Yes we have some, but not that much as you can see from the map Peterski posted in the OP.



    As you can see Iberians also recieved a pulse of Northern ancestry, so there is some room for similarity between these populations phenotypically. Both from the Rhine beakers and the Neolithics.

    But it isn't a 'special' connection Germans are closer to any part of Iberia than Brits.


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    Quote Originally Posted by JQP4545 View Post
    Do you think people from the British Isles still have some ancestry from these people? It could be why some people from the British Isles have Iberian features.
    Yes they still have some but of course not much. Those people were mostly replaced by Bell Beakers.

    I will also upload to GEDmatch I2981 - Early Bronze Age Orkney Islands - we will see the difference:

    https://umap.openstreetmap.fr/en/map...9.2704/-2.3757

    Quote Originally Posted by Bellbeaking View Post
    Germans are closer to any part of Iberia than Brits.
    German:Average probably includes South Germans and South-West Germans, who have a lot of Neolithic Farmer ancestry.

    But I'm sure that North Germans are not closer to Iberians than some regions of Britain and Ireland.
    Last edited by Peterski; 02-21-2019 at 08:11 PM.

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    Population
    ANE -
    ASE -
    WHG-UHG 62.65 Pct
    East_Eurasian -
    West_African -
    East_African -
    ENF 37.35 Pct


    MDLP K23b Oracle results:

    Admix Results (sorted):

    # Population Percent
    1 European_Early_Farmers 61.77
    2 Caucasian 16.22
    3 European_Hunters_Gatherers 10.86
    4 Near_East 5.59
    5 North_African 5.04
    6 South_East_Asian 0.31
    7 Australoid 0.21

    Single Population Sharing:

    # Population (source) Distance
    1 Sardinian ( ) 8.16
    2 French_South ( ) 12.85
    3 Spanish_Aragon_IBS ( ) 14.46
    4 Spanish_Cantabria_IBS ( ) 14.69
    5 Spanish_Castilla_la_Mancha_IBS ( ) 15.03
    6 Spanish_Valencia_IBS ( ) 16.07
    7 Spanish_Andalucia_IBS ( ) 17.4
    8 Spanish_Pais_Vasco_IBS ( ) 18.12
    9 Spanish_Murcia_IBS ( ) 19.66
    10 Spanish_Cataluna_IBS ( ) 19.8
    11 Spanish_Castilla_y_Leon_IBS ( ) 20.28
    12 Spanish_Galicia_IBS ( ) 21.03
    13 Spanish_Extremadura_IBS ( ) 21.6
    14 Spaniard ( ) 21.77
    15 Basque_Spanish ( ) 25.49
    16 Spanish_Baleares_IBS ( ) 26.02
    17 Spanish_Canarias_IBS ( ) 26.47
    18 Portugese ( ) 26.91
    19 Basque_French ( ) 27.69
    20 French ( ) 29.52

    Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

    # Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
    1 62.6% Sardinian ( ) + 37.4% French_South ( ) @ 3.49
    2 65.6% Sardinian ( ) + 34.4% Spanish_Aragon_IBS ( ) @ 3.59
    3 66.1% Sardinian ( ) + 33.9% Spanish_Cantabria_IBS ( ) @ 3.63
    4 67.1% Sardinian ( ) + 32.9% Spanish_Castilla_la_Mancha_IBS ( ) @ 4.02

    5 92.3% Sardinian ( ) + 7.7% Ayta_AE ( ) @ 4.44
    6 92.3% Sardinian ( ) + 7.7% Mamanawa ( ) @ 4.45
    7 91.3% Sardinian ( ) + 8.7% Saami ( ) @ 4.46
    8 92.3% Sardinian ( ) + 7.7% Hakas ( ) @ 4.58
    9 92.6% Sardinian ( ) + 7.4% Ati ( ) @ 4.6
    10 92.4% Sardinian ( ) + 7.6% Spiti ( ) @ 4.63
    11 69.6% Sardinian ( ) + 30.4% Spanish_Valencia_IBS ( ) @ 4.64
    12 92.8% Sardinian ( ) + 7.2% Manggarai ( ) @ 4.65
    13 74.7% Sardinian ( ) + 25.3% Spanish_Castilla_y_Leon_IBS ( ) @ 4.66
    14 92.8% Sardinian ( ) + 7.2% Lamaholt ( ) @ 4.68
    15 75.5% Sardinian ( ) + 24.5% Spanish_Galicia_IBS ( ) @ 4.71
    16 92.9% Sardinian ( ) + 7.1% Lembata ( ) @ 4.71
    17 92.6% Sardinian ( ) + 7.4% Agta_AG ( ) @ 4.73
    18 92.9% Sardinian ( ) + 7.1% Kambera ( ) @ 4.76
    19 92.9% Sardinian ( ) + 7.1% Jehai ( ) @ 4.78
    20 79.7% Sardinian ( ) + 20.3% Spanish_Canarias_IBS ( ) @ 4.78

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    Looks similar to the GAC sample from Southern Poland.

    Population
    ANE -
    ASE -
    WHG-UHG 70.71 Pct
    East_Eurasian -
    West_African -
    East_African -
    ENF 29.29 Pct


    Admix Results (sorted):

    # Population Percent
    1 European_Early_Farmers 55.42
    2 European_Hunters_Gatherers 20.77
    3 Caucasian 14.98
    4 Near_East 4.53
    5 North_African 4.29

    Single Population Sharing:

    # Population (source) Distance
    1 French_South ( ) 7.81
    2 Spanish_Aragon_IBS ( ) 7.99
    3 Spanish_Cantabria_IBS ( ) 8.16
    4 Spanish_Castilla_la_Mancha_IBS ( ) 8.67
    5 Spanish_Valencia_IBS ( ) 10
    6 Spanish_Andalucia_IBS ( ) 11.43
    7 Spanish_Murcia_IBS ( ) 13.61
    8 Spanish_Cataluna_IBS ( ) 13.91
    9 Spanish_Castilla_y_Leon_IBS ( ) 13.99
    10 Spanish_Galicia_IBS ( ) 14.61
    11 Sardinian ( ) 15.04
    12 Spanish_Extremadura_IBS ( ) 15.39
    13 Spaniard ( ) 16.06
    14 Spanish_Pais_Vasco_IBS ( ) 17.46
    15 Spanish_Canarias_IBS ( ) 20.51
    16 Portugese ( ) 21.05
    17 Spanish_Baleares_IBS ( ) 21.38
    18 French ( ) 23.56
    19 Basque_Spanish ( ) 26.9
    20 Welsh ( ) 27.96

    Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

    # Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
    1 67.2% Spanish_Cantabria_IBS ( ) + 32.8% Sardinian ( ) @ 4.08
    2 67.8% Spanish_Aragon_IBS ( ) + 32.2% Sardinian ( ) @ 4.09
    3 66.2% Spanish_Castilla_la_Mancha_IBS ( ) + 33.8% Sardinian ( ) @ 4.68
    4 68.2% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 31.8% Sicilian_Center ( ) @ 5.33
    5 71.2% French_South ( ) + 28.8% Sardinian ( ) @ 5.35
    6 62.9% Spanish_Valencia_IBS ( ) + 37.1% Sardinian ( ) @ 5.73
    7 67.6% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 32.4% Ashkenazi ( ) @ 5.81
    8 66.4% Basque_French ( ) + 33.6% Sicilian_Center ( ) @ 5.83
    9 82.3% Sardinian ( ) + 17.7% Saami ( ) @ 5.85
    10 58.6% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 41.4% Italian_Piedmont ( ) @ 5.86
    11 50.9% Spanish_Galicia_IBS ( ) + 49.1% Sardinian ( ) @ 5.94
    12 66.1% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 33.9% Sicilian_Siracusa ( ) @ 5.95
    13 56.1% Spanish_Baleares_IBS ( ) + 43.9% Basque_Spanish ( ) @ 5.97
    14 52.2% Spanish_Castilla_y_Leon_IBS ( ) + 47.8% Sardinian ( ) @ 5.99
    15 67.2% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 32.8% Italian_Jew ( ) @ 6
    16 68.7% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 31.3% Romanian_Jew ( ) @ 6.02
    17 64.7% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 35.3% Maltese ( ) @ 6.03
    18 67.1% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 32.9% Sicilian_East ( ) @ 6.03
    19 53.1% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 46.9% Italian_Bergamo ( ) @ 6.09
    20 69.7% Basque_Spanish ( ) + 30.3% Italian_South ( ) @ 6.13

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    How did they get all the way up there?

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    Simply in neolithic times nearly all Europeans from Orkney to west Ukraine and from Southern Sweden to Sardinia were Sardinians look-alikes It was pretty boring continent...

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    Blimey! Super southern-shifted by modern standards. So basically it proves that all of Europe was more similar in the past to modern Southern Europeans, but the Northern part of the continent was impacted more by invasions from the east.

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