I have some doubts in Aryans migration and their genetic history.

[Imperator Biff]

Corded ware was exclusively R1a-M417 unlike yamnaya which was all R1b-Z2103, but there have been R1a samples found in older horizons ancestral to both cultures (sredni stog, khyvalnsk) we also have R1a-Z93 samples from srubnaya, potapovka, poltavka, sintashta and andronovo (last two were the proto-indo-iranians and source of steppe ancestry in South Asia).
The Andronovo that entered India bypassed BMAC and interacted directly with late harappan populations in the swat valley. The ones whom migrated to what is now Iran on the other hand carried a large amount of BMAC ancestry and were a 50/50 mix of both.

[MS85]

There was a migration from Andronovo into India only in the Iron Age. Indo-Iranian is much older than Iron Age (1500 BC). Also during this time Mitanni Aryans and Kassites (and before them Guti) were already present in West Asia! And Andronovo migration was not the only migration into India during the Iron Age. There was another one to from South Central Asia.

[MS85]

At Iron Age India (Saidu Sharif IA) I don't see EHG at all.

SPGT / Saidu Sharif IA = 55% Neolithic Anatolia & Neolithic Iran + 45% AASI & West Siberian HG

[MS85]

With Mitanni/Kassites (~1700 BC) and GUTI (~2500 BC) in Kurdistan (proto-)Iranian languages already PREDATE Iron Age (~1500 BC) migration from the Mongloid Central Asia Steppes into India.

[Imperator Biff]

Iron Age swat valley sample possessing Steppe_MLBA related admixture

Udegram_IA (15 samples)
Gonur1_BA 32%
Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA3 31.8%
Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA2 15.4%
Sintashta_MLBA 12.7%
Dali_EBA 5.4%
Naxi 2.7%
Hajji_Firuz_ChL 0%
Tepe_Hissar_ChL 0%

Distance 0.9495%

AIT confirmed, game over.

[Imperator Biff]

With Mitanni/Kassites (~1700 BC) and GUTI (~2500 BC) in Kurdistan (proto-)Iranian languages already PREDATE Iron Age (~1500 BC) migration from the Mongloid Central Asia Steppes into India.

Neither the Mitanni nor Gutians had anything to do with Iranian.
Mitanni spoke nonIE hurrian and Gutians spoke an unrelated IE language.
Iranian did not truly form until the Iron Age Yaz culture in Turan.

[Oghuz]

R1a is an Iranian haplogroup. It diversified in Iran as two research papers by Pamjev and Underhill state the same thing. Its presence in south asia may have come in waves starting from Iranian neolithic farmers who formed the Indus valley Civilisation, then Aryans (Steppe+BMAC Iranians) and later Sycthians who were again Iranians.

Z93 subclade probably diversified some 6000 years ago in Northern and central Iranic plateau. It stayed in Iran while the Z282 reached europe either through anatolia or through east side of caspian sea..

the initial episodes of haplogroup R1a diversification likely occurred in the vicinity of present-day Iran Underhill, Peter A. (2014), "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a", European Journal of Human Genetics, 23 (1): 124–131, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50, ISSN 1018-4813, PMC 4266736, PMID 24667786



Aryans that entered South Asia were steppe people from Andronovo who got Iranicised by interaction with BMAC. Even today, the Pamiri Tajik or Pashtun Iranics who live in that region have 50 % R1a Z93 haplogroup. Aryans must have looked like how present day Iranid or Irano Nordoid phenotype looks like because that explains the elongated skull of Nord Indid phenotype that is common among upper caste south asians esp Pakis.

[MS85]

Neither the Mitanni nor Gutians had anything to do with Iranian.
Mitanni spoke nonIE hurrian and Gutians spoke an unrelated IE language.
Iranian did not truly form until the Iron Age Yaz culture in Turan.

The 'Aryan' Gods of the Mitanni Treaties

https://www.jstor.org/stable/595878?...n_tab_contents


Also, names of their leaders were Aryan. From horse trainer Kikkuli we know that they used Aryan words and counted to ten in the Aryan.

http://www.lrgaf.org/Peter_Raulwing_...e_Dec_2009.pdf

[Imperator Biff]

The 'Aryan' Gods of the Mitanni Treaties

https://www.jstor.org/stable/595878?...n_tab_contents


Also, names of their leaders were Aryan. From horse trainer Kikkuli we know that they used Aryan words and counted to ten in the Aryan.

http://www.lrgaf.org/Peter_Raulwing_...e_Dec_2009.pdf

The names of the gods from cuneiform texts were deemed to be Vedic ergo Old Indic. Not Iranian.
Iranian probably split from Indo-Aryan just before Andronovo mixed with BMAC and even retained a non IE substrate from them.

[Imperator Biff]

R1a is an Iranian haplogroup. It diversified in Iran as two research papers by Pamjev and Underhill state the same thing. Its presence in south asia may have come in waves starting from Iranian neolithic farmers who formed the Indus valley Civilisation, then Aryans (Steppe+BMAC Iranians) and later Sycthians who were again Iranians.

Z93 subclade probably diversified some 6000 years ago in Northern and central Iranic plateau. It stayed in Iran while the Z282 reached europe either through anatolia or through east side of caspian sea..

the initial episodes of haplogroup R1a diversification likely occurred in the vicinity of present-day Iran Underhill, Peter A. (2014), "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a", European Journal of Human Genetics, 23 (1): 124–131, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50, ISSN 1018-4813, PMC 4266736, PMID 24667786



Aryans that entered South Asia were steppe people from Andronovo who got Iranicised by interaction with BMAC. Even today, the Pamiri Tajik or Pashtun Iranics who live in that region have 50 % R1a Z93 haplogroup. Aryans must have looked like how present day Iranid or Irano Nordoid phenotype looks like because that explains the elongated skull of Nord Indid phenotype that is common among upper caste south asians esp Pakis.

Nope, outdated study from a decade ago.
Oldest R1a samples on record are from Mesolithic Eastern Europe. Zagros farmers had none.
And the oldest R1a-Z93 samples have been from steppe horizons like poltavka, sintashta, srubnaya and potapovka and through subsequent founder effects became the dominant lineage of central and South Asia, it isn’t basal to any snps found in Europe. BMAC wasn’t even IE let alone Iranic. It was an urbanised agricultural civilisation much like IVC was and some BMAC samples have turned up with as much as 40% AASI, so it may have even been a harappan outpost at one point.
As for the phenotype of Andronovo, corded nordid seems to be the predominant strain amongst them which makes sense as ultimately their origin is from the CWC.