Who had the greatest impact on Western Civilization?

[JamesBond007]

Considering it's early periods to modernity in all aspects?

The question does not make any sense to me because it is a clear dichotomy. In ancient times it was the Greeks and Romans and in modern times it is the British, French and Germans in that order. But in order for Brits to be in that ranking you would have to include them all including the Scots. For instance, there is a book with the title "How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe's Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It " by Arthur Herman. You can find parallels in America with ancient Rome but American common law is based on English common law more or less and America was founded by a Scots-Irish Presbysterian revolution that gave birth to thinkers like Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton who were both Scots so on and so forth ad nauseam etc...

[Nazarene]

Mesopotamia, (Cradle of Civilization).

[MustafaTekin]

Sumer

[JamesBond007]

Mesopotamia, (Cradle of Civilization).

Sumerians

Yeah, right , you wish , pi was not even accurately enumerated until Archidemes of Syracuse and real seriously theoretically aware math did not start until Euclid, Pythagoras and crew. Egyptian and Sumerian math was pretty pathetic.

[Nazarene]

Yeah, right , you wish , pi was not even accurately enumerated until Archidemes of Syracuse and real seriously theoretically aware math did not start until Euclid, Pythagoras and crew. Egyptian and Sumerian math was pretty pathetic.

Haters finna hate

[JamesBond007]

Haters finna hate

I dunno what objective historical facts have to do with hate.

Reflect on the sciences and technology, where they arose, who brought them about. From sub-Saharan Africa: nothing. Latin America: almost nothing. India, China, Southeast Asia: very little. Women: almost nothing. Science and technology have been, and largely still are, a game of white European males and Jews.

Consider mathematics, the basis of physics and therefore of chemistry, electronics, and, most importantly in the US, video games. The Greeks invented geometry: real, serious, theoretically aware math. They didn’t discover hyperbolic or ellipitc geometry, which would have to await Lobachevsky and Riemann, but they smelled problems with Euclid’s Fifth.

Males, sort of Greek-Arab-Indian, invented algebra, a monumental achievement but pretty much their last, and Indian males apparently came up with 0, neither obvious nor trivial (try long division in Roman numerals).

After that, it was a White European male racket. Newton and Leibniz more or less simultaneously invented calculus, with different notations but the same idea. Afterwards dozens of scintillating White European Males followed, only a few of them well-known: Galois (group theory), Gauss (practically everything), Fermat (of the famous and mysterious theorem), Laplace, Lagrange, Hamilton, Cantor, Boole, on and on. Without them, there would be no cell phones to cause death on the highways.

Pick your field: Engineering, aerodynamics, abstruse theory for computers (von Neumann, Minsky), even wacko stuff (Rupert Sheldrake). The atomic bomb and nuclear power were all invented by White European Males and Jews, but largely Jewish. (The staff list at Los Alamos read like a Yeshiva yearbook.)

White European males and Jews until this day dominate math and science : Linus Torvalds, Alan Cox, Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg,Ssteve wozniak, Stephen Hawking, Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Alan Turing, Tim Berners-Lee, John G. Thompson, Martin Gardner ,Roger Penrose ,John Conway , and Stephen Smale etc.. etc.. ad nauseam.