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Thread: When The Dutch Ruled The World.

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    Default When The Dutch Ruled The World.

    The Netherlands is a small - but powerful and wealthy nation - which has also had lot of global influence in the world. The noble Dutch have also invented and discovered many useful things, and have given the world great inventions too, along with breathtaking works of art and fine literature.



    New Holland (Dutch: Nieuw Holland) is a historical European name for mainland Australia. The name was first applied to Australia in 1644 by the Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman. The name came to be applied to the whole "Southern land" or Terra Australis, though the coastline of the continent had still not been fully explored; but after the British settlement in Sydney in 1788 the territory to the east of the continent claimed by Britain was named New South Wales, leaving the western part as New Holland. New Holland continued to be used semi-officially and in popular usage as the name for the whole continent until at least the mid-1850s.

    Nova Hollandia during the Golden Age of Dutch explorations and discovery


    Melchisédech Thévenot (1620?-1692): Map of New Holland 1644, based on a map by the Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu.

    The name New Holland was first applied to western and north coast of Australia in 1644 by the Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman, best known for his discovery of Tasmania (called by him Van Diemen's Land). The English Captain William Dampier used the name in his account of his two voyages there: the first arriving on 5 January 1688 and staying until March 12; his second voyage of exploration to the region was made in 1699. Except for giving its name to the land, neither the Netherlands nor the Dutch East India Company claimed any territory in Australia as its own. Although many Dutch expeditions visited the coast during the 200 years after the first Dutch visit in 1606, there was no lasting attempt at establishment of a permanent settlement. Most of the explorers of this period concluded that the apparent lack of water and fertile soil made the region unsuitable for colonisation.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Holland_(Australia)



    The Dutch East Indian Companies and the English East India Companies Trade in Indian Textiles in the Seventeenth and the Eighteenth Century: A Comparative View.
    Last edited by ♥ Lily ♥; 05-25-2019 at 10:51 AM.
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    The Dutch were the most prominent trading empire in the early modern period.



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    DUTCH BRAZIL



    It would probably be like Cape City

    The main cities of the Dutch colony of New Holland were the capital Mauritsstad (today Recife), Frederikstadt (João Pessoa), Nieuw Amsterdam (Natal), Saint Louis (São Luís), São Cristóvão, Fortaleza (Fort Schoonenborch), Sirinhaém and Olinda.

    From 1630 onward, the Dutch Republic conquered almost half of Brazil's settled European area at the time, with their capital in Recife. The Dutch West India Company (WIC) set up their headquarters in Recife. The governor, Johan Maurits, invited artists and scientists to the colony to help promote Brazil and increase immigration. However, the tide turned against the Dutch when the Portuguese won a significant victory at the Second Battle of Guararapes in 1649.

    He organized a form of representative local government by creating municipal councils and rural councils with both Dutch and Brazilian Portuguese members to represent the population.[20]

    Through these he began to modernize the country with streets, bridges, and roads in Recife. On the island of António Vaz, he founded the town of Mauritsstad (also known as Mauricia) where he created an astronomic observatory and a meteorological station, which were the first created by Europeans in the Americas.

    While of only transitional importance for the Dutch, this period was of considerable importance in the historical memory in Brazil. It did not have lasting changes on the social and institutional development of Portuguese Brazil.[2] Local Portuguese settlers had to oppose the Dutch largely by their own resources, including mobilizing black and indigenous allies, and made use of their knowledge of local conditions. This struggle is counted, in Brazilian historical memory, as laying the seeds of Brazilian nationhood. This period also precipitated a decline in Brazil's sugar industry, since conflict between the Dutch and Portuguese disrupted Brazilian sugar production, amidst rising competition from British, French, and Dutch planters in the Caribbean.[3]

    Maurits claimed to have always loved Brazil due to its beauty and its people, and under his rule, the colony thrived.[18] His patronage of Dutch Golden Age painters, such as Albert Eckhout and Frans Post, to depict Brazil's richness resulted in works showing different races, landscapes, and still lifes. He also invited naturalists Georg Marcgraf and Willem Piso to Brazil. They collected and published a vast amount of information on Brazil's natural history, resulting in the 1648 publication of Historia Naturalis Brasiliae, the first organized European compendium of knowledge on the Americas, which was hugely influential in learned European scientific circles for well over a century.[19]

    In 1635 the Dutch conquered three strongholds of the Portuguese: the towns of Porto Calvo, Arraial do Bom Jesus, and Fort Nazaré on Cabo de Santo Agostinho. These strongholds gave the Dutch increased sugar lands which led to an increase in profit.

    A year after Maurits was summoned back by the WIC board, the WIC faced a major uprising of Portuguese planters in June 1645. The Portuguese planters around Pernambuco had never fully accepted Dutch rule, and had also resented the high interest rates charged by Dutch moneylenders for loans to rebuild their plantations following the initial Dutch conquest. In August, the planters revolted and prevailed over Dutch forces in a minor battle fought outside Recife, effectively ending Dutch control over the colony.

    In the spring of 1646, the Dutch sent a relief expedition to Recife consisting of 20 ships with 2000 men, temporarily forestalling the fall of the city. Back in Europe, the collapse of Dutch Brazil accelerated Dutch efforts to end its longstanding conflict with Spain.

    In August 1647, representatives from the Dutch province of Zeeland (the final holdout against peace with Spain) acquiesced to the Peace of Munster ending the war with Spain. In return, Zeeland obtained promises from the other Dutch provinces to support a second, larger relief expedition to reconquer Brazil. The expedition, consisting of 41 ships with 6000 men, set sail on December 26, 1647.[23]

    In Brazil, the Dutch had already abandoned Itamaracá on December 13, 1647. The new expeditionary force arrived late at Recife, with many of its soldiers either dead or mutinous from lack of pay. In April 1648, the Portuguese routed the expeditionary force at the First Battle of Guararapes, fought outside Recife. The Portuguese had sent an armada of 84 ships, including 18 warships to recapture Recife.[24] In February 1649, the Portuguese again routed the Dutch at the Second Battle of Guararapes.[25]

    After the Dutch defeats at Guararapes, their surviving men, as well as other garrisons of New Holland, joined in the area of Recife in order to make a last stand. However, after fierce fighting, the Portuguese victoriously entered the city and the remaining Dutch were ousted from Brazil.

    The Dutch finally lost control of Recife on January 28, 1654, leaving to the Portuguese their colony of Brazil and putting an end to Nieuw Netherlands.[28]
    Although the historical focus is usually on the European rivals in the conflict, the Brazilian indigenous population was drawn into the conflict as allies on both sides. Most sided with Dutch, but there were some notable exceptions. One was a Potiguara chieftain who came to be known as Dom Antônio Filipe Camarão, who was rewarded for his loyalty to the Portuguese by being made a knighthood in the Order of Christ.[29] In the aftermath of the conflict when the Dutch were expelled, there were reprisals against their Brazilian Amerindian allies.[30]

    Both the Dutch and the Portuguese used African slaves in the conflict, sometimes with the promise of freedom for fighting. On the Portuguese side, one name comes down in history, Henrique Dias, who was awarded noble status by the monarch, but not the knighthood in the Order of Christ as promised.[31]

    In the aftermath of the Dutch occupation, Portuguese settled scores with Amerindians who had supported the Dutch. There were tensions between Portuguese who had fled the area under occupation and those who had lived under Dutch occupation. The returnees attempted to litigate so as to regain the properties they had abandoned, which in this sugar-producing area included sugar mills and other buildings, as well as cane fields. The litigation dragged on for years.[32]

    The conflict in Brazil's northeast had severe economic consequences. Both sides had practiced a scorched earth policy that disrupted sugar production,[3] and the war had diverted Portuguese funds from being invested in the colonial economy. After the war, Portuguese authorities were forced to spend their tax revenues on rebuilding Recife. The sugar industry in Pernambuco never fully recovered from the Dutch occupation, being surpassed by sugar production in Bahia.[33]

    The Portuguese colony of Brazil did not recover economically until the discovery of gold in southern Brazil during the 18th century.[35]
    Last edited by Tenma de Pegasus; 05-25-2019 at 11:46 AM.

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    Dutch and South African history.


    Holland is a region and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands... a European country, bordering Germany to the East, and Belgium to the South, With a population numbering over 17 million, blessed with one of the most beautiful capital cities in the world, Amsterdam. The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy, which was divided into 12 provinces, a number that is no coincidence.

    It grew to become one of the major economic and sea-faring powers in the world during the 17th century, which is known as the Dutch Golden Age, when many colonies were founded, including the Netherlands East Indies (currently called Indonesia) and New Amsterdam, which was later traded with the British and re-named as New York. The Dutch East India Company established its first outpost at Cape Town, South Africa, in 1652. Afrikaans is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe.

    Robert Sepehr is an author, producer, and independent anthropologist.
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    A bit of a side-note to this but something I've never forgotten about Dutch history in Australia is the story about the Batavia that was shipwrecked off the West Australian coast in the Abrolhos Islands in June 1629. The Commander and all the senior officers (except for one Jeronimus Cornelisz, the undermerchant) took off on a boat in search of water eventually reaching Batavia (present day Jakarta, Indonesia). What happened to the shipwrecked passengers and crew left behind on the island is a harrowing story of mutiny, murder and rape.

    http://museum.wa.gov.au/research/res...iption/batavia

    I had to read the book Islands of Angry Ghosts at school and it is a story I've never forgotton.

    From Hugh Edwards, one of the discoverers of the wreck of the Batavia, comes Islands of Angry Ghosts, an expert and compelling look at one of the most horrific maritime incidents in Australian history. A fascinating story, in print since 1966, Islands of Angry Ghosts is a story in two parts. It traces and re-creates the final months of the Batavia and her crew, pieced together through journals, letters and trial records. It also follows the discovery and salvage of Batavia's wreck by Hugh Edwards and a crew of divers. In 1629, the Dutch East India merchantman the Batavia was wrecked on reef islands off the West Australian coast while on a routine trip to Indonesia. What followed this disaster is a harrowing tale of desertion, betrayal and murder. More than 125 men, women and children were murdered by mutineers caught in a frenzy of bloodlust and greed. By the time the rescue ship finally arrived, months later, the marooned were caught in a desperate battle between soldiers trying to defend the survivors and the mutineers who were bent on leaving no witnesses. More than three hundred years later, Hugh Edwards, a West Australian reporter and diving enthusiast, started to search for the lost ship. When Edwards and his team found the Batavia, they discovered the final piece of a story that has gripped Australians for over a century.

    https://www.harpercollins.com.au/9780730496519/

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    The Modern Dutch Empire: Territories of the Kingdom of the Netherlands


    The Kingdom of the Netherlands isn't just the European country of the Netherlands. It includes the independent nations of Curaçao, Aruba, Sint Maarten, and the Netherlands. Within the Netherlands itself are 3 special municipalities, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba. This video explores these distinctions in greater depth, as well as the unique and interesting histories of each individual Caribbean island.
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